Olazti/Olazagutía

Olazti/Olazagutía is a town and municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain.

External links

• OLAZTI/OLAZAGUTÍA in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa) Template:Es icon

Etymology

The name comes from Ola Euskera (cabin) Zarra (old or large) Goitia (comma) is the contraction Olazti olazarragoitia-Olazagutia-Olazti, and means large hut (or old) on a hill. According Euskaltzaindia (Academy of the Basque Language) should be written Olatzagutia, because the z Euskera is always preceded by a t epèntica.

Description

The natural corridor of Sakana (The Canyon) from prehistory has been a crossing point for animals and humans. Olazti-Olazagutia is in the Far West (The Burunda) It is flanked by the Aralar and Urbasa-Andia, pastoral area since prehistoric times .. Communicates Iruña-Pamplona zone (Iruñerria) with the plains of Alava (Lautada). Pr where circulating an old Roman road and then a branch of the Camino de Santiago.

The Paleolithic

In the caves of KOSKOBILO (the burial of the skull), they found human remains from the Paleolithic that are now in the Museum of Navarre (Pamplona), belonging to the Cro-Magnom, local developments that led to the Basque race, 7,000 years ago by Jose Miguel de Barandiaran.Diu a modern theory that the Basque race spread throughout Europe and North Africa, replacing the Cro-Magnon, and then be cornered by migrations of other peoples to the limits of Caucasus and Atlas with matching nausea few words the Georgian and Berber at both ends. Olazagutia-Olazti would therefore be one of the places they originated mome not the Basques but also the moderns.Fa Europe about 10,000 years, coinciding with the end of last ice, and rising temperature, trogloties olaztiarres, abandoned caves (Andremangoleze , Altamira, Orobe, Altzania) and built a cabin collective (Olazarra) up the hill (Goitia) called Mendiarbi (the mountain of nabs), where is now the church and cemetery. They lived in common matriarchal polyandry in solitary, children (umeak) not knowing his father (IATA) said uncles (osabak) to all men (gizonak) the village (COUNTRY). Women (etxekoandreak) were the authority and those feian the work of the community. The men went hunting for months together, in coordinated actions to bring down large mammals of the time: rhinoceros, bison, aurochs, deer ... in the mountains of Urbasa, Aralar and Entzia, Olazagutia-Olazti around and the valley of the Borunda-Sakana.

The Neolithic

About 5,000 years ago left olaztiarres recol.lecio hunting and fruit, to become farmers and pajesos, who cultivate the land divided into terraces, which Olazti say "pieces" (lurzatiak). The main crop was cereals: Wheat in the lands near the river Burunda (Etxarte, Aldoiar, Orna) and barley and rye Urbasa margins. Cereal made with very few breads called thalli, also gruel boiled with peas and beans. When the harvest was poor work Fejes beech flour (acorn and oak payment (Haritz). Stones used to grind planes.La potato, corn, beans and tomatoes did not arrive until the sixteenth century from America. The most common drink was the beer (garagardoa), fermenting barley made it a lot, in tubs, but was not regarded as a soft drink, but as a stock food. The soft drink was cider (Sagardoi) made with apples. Wine, though it was known by imports from the Phoenicians, not widespread until the arrival of fruits romans.Les most common were: apples (sagarrak), pears (udareak), plums (okaranak) and hazelnuts (hurrak). The main activity was the manufacturing industry Urbasa flint stone (now make portland cement) for the manufacture of arrowheads and sets, some of which have been found in caves Isturitz (Iparralde) to 100 Kimsa month away from Olazagutia.

The Old Age

The Romans arrived in 219 BC Emporiom year and went up the river Ebro to the Basques. In Olazagutia-Olazti make founding a village on the north side of Mendiarbi, called Angostina (Latin narrow passage or gorge) at the midpoint of the route between the two most important cities of saltum Vasconum: Iruña- Veleia Iruña-Pamplona and in the river basin-Zadorra Arakil. From Olazti out a road to the south, through the port of Urbasa, towards the Bank (the current roadway is later) and another to the north, through the port of Etxegarate, Address to the sea in Biscay. The remains of Angostina have been destroyed to build the Northern Highway, and gone away without consideration. But even in the Museum of Navarre can be seen with the Roman coins of Angostina incricpcio

Medieval age

With the Romans lived 400 years Burunda pax romana, but when the empire collapsed in the V century came the new invaders from the north the Franks and the Visigoths in the south and the Borunda became a battlefield for 200 years, VI to VIII century. Leovigildo Gasteiz-Vitoria reached to 581 and D. Rodrigo besieged Pamplopna Iruña-711, while the Franks were defeated twice by the Basque (ne) s Roncesvalles in 788 and the 824, they returned to attack Iruña (see: Paul Ignacio Juan Arzak: History> Basque Country. sf) The 711, like a deus ex machina, the Muslims came and were welcomed as liberators by the people, as they had been the Romans. Muslims arrived from Tarifa to the Pyrenees in four years, almost without resistance, the opposite approach cost the Christians 800 years. The first king of Nabarra, Eneko Aritza, Burunda crowned in the 824, was the son of a Muslim and his brothers ruled over the Taifa de la Ribera. Santxo Abarca (970-94) married one of his daughters to Almanzor. But from 1089 all the kings had to be approved by the Pope of Rome to legitimize his rule, otherwise any feudal lord could rebel and seize the crown. Because of the religion of the kings of Nabarra, were in the position to break their relations with Muslims. At that time the Court Nabarra was dominated by bishops and abbots of great monasteries such as Agostino, the largest landowner in Nabarra, who imposed the policy of popish crusade against Islam. Al-Andalus was then the most advanced civilization and democratic world, and eventually lost Al-Andalus and missed Nabarra. But Muslims have not forgotten Al-Andalus, or the Basques have forgotten the one state that we had: the State of Nabarra the Osoa Navarre (see: Juan Tomas Urzainqui and Maria de Leizaola: Tthe Maritime Navarre. 1998) When 1200 the Spaniards invaded the West Nabarra Maritime Santxo Azkarra went to Morocco to seek help from the Sultan (Amir-al-Muslim: prince of believers, Miramamolín) but the agreement was not possible, and the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa ( 1212) eventually destroy the Basque-Muslim alliance. The herrialde Burunda the Gipuzkoa belonged, and so the euskalki of Burunda Giputxi is closer to the Nabarro, until the year 1200 that annexed the Azkarra Santxo Burunda to compensate for land occupation nabarras the coast from the mouth of the Oria to Bidasoa by the Spaniards in coalition with the Gipuzkoa. The royal land Burunda was paying his taxes (gallurdeak) directly to the king, so in the arms of all the peoples of the Borunda arrano beltza appears, the same as stated in the King's seal. During the Middle Ages to Olazti passed the road to Santiago in the branch out of Iruña followed the course of rivers Arakil-Zadorra to Anduba (Aundi-Ibaia, Rio Grande City, Miranda de Ebro), crossed the mountains Obaranak ( Obarenes) by Arrallomalato (Pancorvo Gorge), traveled throughout Bureba (buru-Ibaia, the head of the river Ebro-) and the Sierra de Atea-Gate (Atapuerca) through the port of the Compass (buru-hideout, the top of the caves) to Burgos where it joined the main branch. Taking advantage of the very popular pilgrimage route francs (langue d'oil) and Gascon (Occitan) nabarros kings founded the royal villas and frank with certain laws that exempted from servitude and jurisdiction of the jauntxos, and which also set install many feudal serfs who fled the jauntxos and buruzagis and created their own neighborhoods with those of the Franks, seeking refuge these villas is gauged. Thus were born such cities as San Sebastián-Donostia in the branch of Biscay to Santiago, Estella (Stella)-Lizarra, Gares, Logroño (Locum Beronum), Laguardia-Biasteri, Najera, Santo Domingo de la Calzada and Belorado, the prinicipal branch, all with privileges given by the kings of Nabarra and that until 1200 belonged to the kingdom of Nabarra borders came to the mountains of Sierra de Atapuerca-Oka, and included all of northern and eastern Cantabria Burgos to Santona (Santxo-one) , all the Rioja, in addition to the Five Towns area of ​​Zaragoza and Huesca Jacetania, land where I speak of Euskara from antiquity to 1200, as evidenced by place names, and hydronyms oronyms, implementation requires a process of many centuries and it is not so simple as submitted late medieval repopulation españolistas nausea recalcitrant as Menedez Pidal.Durante Sanchez Albornoz and the persistence of the Kingdom of the struggles between Gipuzkoa Nabarra Goierri (the border was in Etxegarate) and the Lautada Alaveses ( the border was between Ziordia and Egino) on one side (which belonged to the kingdom of Castile) and the inhabitants of the Borunda other, were constant, Santxo Zazpigarrena Azkarra granted the Jurisdiction of the Borunda for his best defense, this Charter was kept in St. Mary's Church of Altsasu that was burned in a raid of 1348 Agurain.En of the inhabitants of the Borunda asked the king of Philippe d'Evreux Nabarra to send them a copy of the Charter burnt, which had been granted by Santxo VII Azkarra in 1208, according to the Charter of Laguardia-Biasteri (given by his father Santxo Jakintsua VI in 1165) in order to play the defensive system against Castile Biasteri Nabarro of the Borunda, but did not get here, but the next valley of Arakil when the population of the valley focused on the well defended Etxarri Aranaz, to 1312, leaving deserted villages around it were named Urkizu, Maiza, Mundiñano, Ondaz, Egiagarreta, Nenau, Odiaga, Erdozia, Mugarretxe, Artola, Lazkoz, Sarria, spider, Arospedi .... and the valley of Arakil receive the same privileges as that of the Buranda, later confirmed pr Santxo nephew Azkarra VII, Thibaut I de Champagne. Although the Burunda not succeeded in concentrating the population in a single core defensive Olazagutia always had his castle-fortress. After the invasion of Castile (1512-1521) all Nabarra castles and fortresses were destroyed by the invaders to prevent future riots the nabarros, but the castle was not demolished but Olazti converted into a church, adding a bell tower that was originally in the heart and later became the current tower. Attached to the church parsonage was built with the stones of the old chapel of St. Stephen

Renaissance Period

In 1512 the Spanish troops stationed in Agurain-Salvatierra invaded by Ziordia Nabarra border, the front was the traitor Count of Lerin, who was kind enough to ask that the invading troops razed the Burunda nor the rest of the Sakana-Barranka. The resistance lasted 10 years and ended with the defeat of Noain (1520), where 5,000 nabarros patriots gave their lives fighting the Spanish invaders. (See: Floren Aoiz: The Old Herida.2002) The court Nabarra settled in peace and since then the Spanish called the nabarros French as can be seen today in the boasts of Irun and Hondarribia. Nabarro State was lost and with it the possibility of being a European state with Euskara as an official language, at that time of the Renaissance in which every European nationality left the Latin as a literary language and standardized and developed their own language as the language Culture: Nebrija wrote the first grammar of the Castilian and Luther translated the Bible into German unified, while we ran out of Renaissance and had to wait to 1970 to have the Euskara, and on the edge of extinction. (Ikusi: Joxe Azurmendi: Espainolak euskaldunak.1998 eta). Despite this we had a little first literature in Euskara (Exepare, Leizarraga) in the state remains in court Nabarro Peace. The Merindad of Ultrapuertos, the Navarre BEHER, I remain as the last stronghold of the Kingdom of Nabarra after the Spanish were defeated by the nabarros (Battle of Garazi 1530) and driven south of the Pyrenees. As the kings of Nabarra were simultaneously Counts of Béarn, the seat of the court Nabarra was in the castle of Pau, capital of Aquitaine, Henry II, the sangüesino, contracting command to restore it to artists from all over Europe. Henry III, the Bearn, inherited the throne of France in 1589, and became Henry IV of France, since the kings of France took the title of Annex Nabarra kings. In 1594, Shakespeare wrote a play entitled "Love's Labour's Lost" that develops in the court Nabarra Peace. Shakespeare's admiration was such that Basques cry to one of his characters. "... Someday Nabarra be the wonder of the world ...". By contrast his contemporary Cervantes mocks the Basques in Chapter IX of Don Quixote. In 1620 Louis XIII of France canceled by court decree Nabarra Peace. Until the French Revolution (1789) lasted a range called "Nabarra States General" with parliament in Pau, survived as the "United Gernerales" Labourd and Soule, herrialdes Basques belonged to England from 1152, for Wedding Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine to the King of England until the end of the Hundred Years War (Battle of Castillon 1453) in which Lapurdi and Soule were acupadas by the French. During the Jacobin of the French Revolution, thousands of basconabarros Iparralde were arrested and deported to other French departments under the charge of "counter-revolutionary nationalist" and about 2000 of them died. The French Revolution marked the end of feudalism, which was justified by the divine will, and established a democratic regime based on the will of citizens. But it is a democracy that recognizes only individual rights of individuals, not collective rights of peoples. Feudal States were replaced by nation-states, who came to where came the conquest of their armies, and seeking to establish easy to defend borders in mountains or rivers. So the Catalans and the Basques are divided by the Pyrenees between France and Spain.

Religion

Their ancestors practiced religion naturist and animist naturleza worshiped and believed that all beings, living and nonliving, had souls, and could influence the lives and destinies of people, and also some of them had a special powers were worshiped in trees (dendrolatria) over the entire Haritz Quercus rubur: oak, as representing the strength and intelligence (as in Castilian robust comes from the Latin rubur oak). Its roots were the source of the town and its branches basco protected him. When was struck by lightning was interpreted as an omen from heaven, and the sick were rubbing against the oak to heal. The energy of Amalur (Mother Earth) is transmitted to people from the bowels of the earth up through Arkaitz (Roca) and Harri (stone) with them were built TRIKUHARRI (dolmen), or JENTILHARRI OROITARRI (menhir) and daubed the HARRESPILAK tombs (mounds of stones) on that later, the Romans placed the ARA (altar) and then covered with a Fanum (temple in Latin) that would result in the current ELIZAK (ecclesiae). SUKARRI (flint) was the sacred stone, fire (pyrite) or the ray, because they believed that fell on the ground during storms. At the entrance of the house placed the KARDABERA (thistle) and lightning protection, a practice that has reached these days. The stone of rain EURIHARRI, an aluminum silicate (quiastolita) embodied the spirit of the ancestors and attracted the rain, if you open one of these stones you can see a lauburu inside. AITOR was the father-heaven (Aita-Ortzi) that fertilized the mother-earth (ama-lur) through the rain and gave rise to all life on earth. The introduction of Christianity did away with the Basque priests who did the sorginak medicinal functions, using herbs to make potions and healing potions, and a hallucinogen: ergot, a fungus parasite of rye (Claviceps Purpurea .) The sorginas jozaban of a great social prestige and Christianity macho masses and prayers offered as remedies to cure illnesses want to eliminate competition, difamandolas first: they were accused of organizing covens, contact Don the devil in Euskera, to poison the waters ... and then I go to bag the Tribunal of the Inquisition of the Inquisition, who organized mass arrests during the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries throughout the Borunda, and all Euskal Herria (about 40 were burned alive), also in about 200 arrests Iparralde were made by the State Council member Frenchman Pierre de Lancre. The sorginak were tried in Logroño (home of the Inquisition) without understanding the language of the accused the accusers and even a girl of 8 years, Catherine of Gesalí, natural Zeberio was declared a witch. Were donkey rides, with sambenitos and hoods and taken to the square of the fire in which said Auto de Fe, a circus with a platform for political and religious authorities. The overall inquisdor was the Dominican Fray Tomas de Torquemada and among the judges said Fray Juan de Zumarraga, who was later appointed Bishop of Mexico.

== Popular Democracy Direct ==

The town was governed from the outset by USADIOK laws that were passed down orally from generation to generation, after discussion and approval in the ASSEMBLIES-BATZARRAK the valley of the Borunda (Ziordia, Olazagutia, Alsasua, Urdiain, Iturmendi and Bakaiku) that Batzarramendi were held periodically, Urdiain. When establishing the monarchy ninth century Nabarra (Errege) called by the feudal lords (aidenagusiak, jauntxoak) usurped by the weapons these people's right to decide and put the USADIOK written and called FUEROS': always written Latin or romance, but never in Euskara, thus establishing for the first time the difference between the language of the people and the language of the oppressor class enemy. The charters-foruak (from Latin forum, justice) became a royal privilege, by divine (dei gratia'), which the king granted the town in exchange for their submission, and theoretically agreed to comply, but as the king's power was growing all the rights of the people were disappearing. The late Christianization of the people (to the tenth century), had previously allowed the maintenance of direct popular democracy, the common use of the property and matriarchy, but the union of feudal power and Christianity the people ceased to be free to become serfs: monogamous marriage was established, she ceased to be the Andrea (from Greek andros: Mr-owner) to become a simple Emakumea: that bearing children. Christians copied the patriarchal family model of the Jewish people and so did the Muslims in the seventh century thus establishing oppressive patriarchy against women, much less democratic than the matriarchy. Communal lands and goods were stolen from the people by the church and the aristocracy, which became the property of the people in feudal property jauntxoak, the property of the monarch of the day royal and ecclesiastical property of abbeys, cathedrals, churches and monasteries: was the largest armed looting in history. The batzarrak were replaced by real courts and parliaments, with representatives of the clergy and aristocracy, but not the people. Direct popular democracy was usurped by the power of kings and chiefs spurious, and his followers today, political parties, and his parody of democracy are still making fun of direct popular democracy autenica the batzarrak, the only legitimizes the people .

Historical documentary sources

-José Antonio Munitis Loinaz "Calf Book" of Monasteriio of St. Mary de la Oliva (Navarra) Documentary Collection (from 1132 to 1500) 1984

Raquel Maria Garcia-Alarcon: Diplomatic Collection of the Kings of Navarre Champaña.2.Teobaldo II Dynasty (1230-1270) 1985

Margarita Gonzalez-Martin Collection Diplomatic Kings of Navarre Champaña.1.TeobladoI Dynasty (1234-1253) 1986

-Hope Inurreta Ambrose Collection diplomatic Salvatierra Municipal Archives (1256-1400) 1989

-Richard and Julian Santano Cierbide Collection Gascones diplomatic documents of Lower Navarre (XIV-XV) .1.1990

Larraqueta Garcia-Santos. Navarre Occitan language documents.

-Jose Angel Pueyo Motto: Diplomatic Collection Alfonso I of Aragon and Pamplona (1104-1134) 1990. Margarita Quarry Montenegro: Documentary Collection Santa Maria la Real de Nájera. Volume (X-XIV centuries) 1991. Cesar Gonzalez Minguez: Records of Peter I and Henry II in the Municipal Archives of Vitoria. 1994. J. Ramon Diaz de Durana: Álava in the late Middle Ages through their textos.1994. Rosa Maria Ayerbe: Documentation Medieval Legazpia Municipal Archives. (1290-1495). Ricardo and Emiliana Cierbide Ramos: Documentation medieval Monastery of Santa Clara Estella (SiglosXIII-XVI). M. Itziar Zabalza Aldave: General Archive of Navarre (1274-1321) Real.1995 Documentation. Javier Zabalo Zabalegui Collection Diplomatic Kings of Navarre Champaña.3.Enrique Dynasty I of Navarre (1270-1272) 1995. Raquel Maria Garcia Arancón: General Archive of Navarre (1253-1270). Volume II. Cartularies Comptos and Royals. 1996