Amphiuridae
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Amphiuridae are a large family of brittle stars of the suborder Gnathophiurina. Some species are used to study echinoderm development (e.g. Amphipholis kochii[1]Amphioplus abditus[2]) and bioluminescence (the Dwarf brittle star, Amphipholis squamata[3][4]).
Characteristics
Amphiuridae are generally small brittlestars. Their jaws are always with two apical papillae at the tip, and one or more papillae on each side[5].
Ecology
Amphiuridae are found in oceans worldwide from tropics to arctic and antarctic regions, with some species living in brackish water[6].They live mostly burrowing in seafloor or hiding under rocks.
Systematics and phylogeny
Amphiuridae are the most diverse family of Ophiurida with over 200 species. It contains the following genera:[7][8]
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In addition, two extinct genera are known[9]:
- †Deckersamphiura Jagt, 2000
- †Xanthamphiura Hess 1970
The fossil range of the family dates back to Cretaceous (Hauterivian)[10]
References
- ^ Yamashita,M.,Embryonic Development of the Brittle-Star Amphipholis kochii in Laboratory Culture, Biol. Bull. 169: 131-142(Aug., 1985)
- ^ Hendler,G, Development of Amphioplus abditus (Verrill) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): I. Larval Biology,Biol.Bull., Vol.152, No.1 (Feb., 1977)
- ^ P.Brehm, J.G. Morin. Localization and Characterization of Luminescent Cells in Ophiopsila californica and Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) Biological Bulletin, Vol. 152, No. 1 (Feb., 1977)
- ^ Dewael Y, Mallefet J., Luminescence in ophiuroids (Echinodermata) does not share a common nervous control in all species, J Exp Biol. 2002 Mar;205
- ^ Hendler,G. Ophiuroid Skeleton Ontogeny Reveals Homologies Among Skeletal Plates of Adults: A Study of Amphiura filiformis, Amphiura stimpsonii and Ophiophragmus filograneus (Echinodermata), Biol.Bull. 174:20-29.(Feb.1988)
- ^ R.L.Turner, Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low Salinity on the Brackish-water Amphiurid Brittlestar Ophiophragmus filograneus (Lyman, 1875) From the Indian River Lagoon, Florida.Florida Scientist, Vol 70, 4 (Sept.2007)
- ^ http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=123206
- ^ "Amphiuridae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=80863&is_real_user=0
- ^ H. Hess. 1970. Schlangensterne und Seesterne aus dem oberen Hauterivien "Pierre jaune" von St-Blaise bei Neuchatel. Eclogae geologicae Helvetiae 63(3)
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