Clematis akebioides
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| Clematis Akebioides | |
|---|---|
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| Clematis Akebiodies prior to flowering | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | plantae
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| (unranked): | Angiosperm
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| (unranked): | Eudicots
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| Order: | Ranunclales
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| Family: | Ranunculaceae
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| Genus: | |
| Species: | Akebioides
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| Binomial name | |
| Clematis Akebioides (Maximowicz) Veitch | |
Clematis Akebiodies,Clematis Akebiodies (Maxium), is a plant that originates in Western China. It is a flowering plant that comes in many different colors. Mainly greenish yellow in color. It contains certain chemical constituents that is widely used in western medicine. The plant is a photoautotroph, transforming its light energy received from the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This species smells sweet compared to others from its genus. The species usually grows in shrubs where it uses its stems to provide support for other plants. [1]
Distribution
Clematis akebiodies is found mainly in Western China. They are found in Gansu, West Nei Mongol, Qinghai, West Sichuan, East to Southeast Xizang, and the Yunnan providence. It is also found in parts of Tibet and Canada. [2] The plant has been found to be endemic to 7 different geographical regions of China, while other members of the Ranunculaceae family are only endemic to 4-5 of the geographical regions. [3] These 7 geographical regions are the humid region and temperate zones, the humid and warm temperate region, the humid and subtropical zone, the humid and tropical zone, the temperate grassland region, the temperate and warm deserts and the Qinghai-tibet alpine and cold region. [3]
Habitat and Ecology
Clematis akebiodies likes to reside in Scrub, grassy slopes, and along stream. They are usually found 1200 to 3600 meters from a stream. The plant has a Perennial life cycle(lasting or existing for long time). It is collected in the Yunnan province where it can grow up to 10 to 15 feet in height. It has interactions with many species of bees. Mainly Bombus friseanus, Bombus richardsi and Bombus lucorum pollinates Clematis akebiodies. [4] The main pollinator being Bobus richardsi. It is also pollinated by various species of butterflies. This species can tolerate partial shade and full sun. It flowers mainly in late summer or early fall and during rainy seasons. [5]
Morphology
Clematis Akebioides lives mainly in scrubs and grassy slopes. Clematis akebioides has a bell-shaped flower with a diamter of roughly 2 inches. The petals of the flower are roughly 2.5 to 7 cm in diameter. Plant produces nectar at the base of the filament. [6] The plant has woody vines with shallowly grooved branches. The branches can be puberulous (hairy branches) or subglabrous (not hairy). [6] Leaves of Clematis Akebioides can have either 1 or 2 pinnates. It also have petioles that is 3 to 7.8 cm in size. [6] Leaflet blades of Clematis Akebioides can either be ovate, elliptic or oblong in shape. The blades are 1.2-4 cm by .6-3 cm in size. It can be paper thin to being herbaceous. [6] The anthers of the plant dehisce from outer to inner. [4] The pedicel of this species can be sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, style is 7-12 mm in size and is villous. The stamen can be 7-12 mm long and be oblong in shape. Both the stamen and ovaries are pubescent. [6]
Reproduction
Clematis akebioides produces an orange fruit.[4] It contains 4 sepals used to support the leaves. The plant is greenish yellow in color. It can sometimes be a tinged purple color. The sepals of Clematis akebioides is a narrow ovate to ovate-oblong shape. It is roughly 1.6 cm in length and 0.6 cm in width. The stamen is roughly 7-12 mm long. [6] Clematis Akebioides is an autogamous plant. [4] That means it self pollinates. The plant contains both the pistil and the stamen. The plant can change between self pollinating and facilitate pollinating on different linages. [4] Clematis Akebioides is also a protogynous plant, meaning the female reproductive organ matures before the male reproductive organ.[4] In addition to self pollinating, Clematis Akebioides also gets pollinated by bumblebees. By combining the both self pollination and bumblebee pollination, Clematis Akebioides has a very high pollination success rate. [4]
Chemical Properties
Clematis Akebioides contains a 3 different types compounds. These compounds are 2 benzenoids, 1 monoterpene glycoside and 15 triterpenoid saponins. This is the second report of the monoterpene glycoside. scientist believe that this compound can be used to distinguish the genus Clematis. Furthermore, these 3 different compounds are found in solely in Clematis Akebioides, this can help scientist distinguish Clematis Akebioides from other species in its genus.[7] The isolated chemicals can also provide new chemical markers on the genus Clematis as a whole. [7] The two benzenoids isolated in the C. Akebioides chemical makeup are the first discovery of benezoids in the Ranunculaceae family. They were found in the aerial part of the plant. The chemicals in the aboveground plant parts of clematis akebioides were only recently isolated in a 2019 study. The newfound information is said to allow evidence for future chemotaxonomic studies of the plant. [7]
Usage
Medicinal
Clematis akebioides has many medicinal uses. The plant is used in Western China to treat dysuria, Rheumatoid arthritis, wind chills, indigestion, pain, infection and to improve blood circulation. Used by the many groups of people in China including: Bai, Jingo, Lisu, Tibeton, and other asian minorities groups.[7]The Clematis genus has been used in Western China as traditional medicine since the beginning of Chinese civilization. [8] Most of the Clematis species all share similar chemical constituents that serve the same function. [8]
References
- ^ https://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/22488
- ^ https://eol.org/pages/2873537/articles
- ^ a b Huang, Jihong; Ma, Keping. "Species Diversity Distribution Patterns of Chinese Endemic Seed Plants Based on Geographical Regions". PlOS ONE. 12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170276. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d e f g Jiang, Nan; Yu, Wen-Bin (January 2010). "Floral traits, pollination ecology and breeding system of three Clematis species (Ranunculaceae) in Yunnan province, southwestern China". Australian Journal of Botany. 58: 115–123. doi:10.1071/BT09163. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ https://garden.org/plants/view/142330/Clematis-Clematis-akebioides/
- ^ a b c d e f https://eol.org/pages/2873537/articles
- ^ a b c d Zhang, Ya-Mei; Zhong, Guo-Yue (April 2019). "Chemical constituents isolated from Clematis akebioides (Maximowicz) Veitch". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 83: 13–16. doi:10.1016/j.bse.2018.12.008. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ a b Hao, Da-Cheng; Xiao, Pei-Gen (April 2012). "Chemical and biological research of Clematis medicinal resources". Chinese Science Bulletin. 58: 1120–1129. doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5628-7. Retrieved 2 November 2020.