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[[Category:Religion| ]]
{{Infobox writer
[[Category:Categories by topic| Religion]]
| name = Athol Fugard
| image =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birthname = Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard
| birthdate = {{Birth date and age|1932|6|11|mf=y}}
| birthplace = [[Middelburg, Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa]]
| deathdate =
| deathplace =
| occupation = playwright, novelist, actor, director, teacher
| nationality =
| ethnicity = [[Afrikaner]] and [[Anglo-Irish]]
| citizenship = American and South African
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period = 1956 – present
| genre = drama, novel, memoir
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = ''[[Master Harold...and the Boys]]''<br/>''[[Blood Knot]]''<br/>
| spouse = [[Sheila Fugard]] (1956 – present)
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature =
| website = http://theatre.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/AtholFugard/
| portaldisp =
}}
'''Athol Fugard''' (born 11 June 1932) is a [[South Africa]]n playwright, novelist, actor, and director who writes in {{English}}, best known for his political plays opposing the South African system of [[South Africa under apartheid|apartheid]] and the 2005 [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy-Award winning film]] of his novel ''[[Tsotsi]]'', directed by [[Gavin Hood]].<ref name=McLuckie>{{cite web|author=Craig McLuckie (Okanagan College)|url=http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1651|title=Athol Fugard (1932–)|work=[[The Literary Encyclopedia]]|date=2003-10-03|accessdate=2008-09-29}}</ref> He is an adjunct professor of playwriting, acting, and directing in the Department of Theatre and Dance at the [[University of California, San Diego]].<ref name=UCSD>{{cite web|url=http://theatre.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/AtholFugard/|title=Athol Fugard|publisher=[[University of California, San Diego]] (UCSD)|accessdate=2008-10-01}}</ref> For academic year 2000–2001, he was the IU Class of 1963 Wells Scholar Professor at [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]], in [[Bloomington, Indiana]].<ref name=FugardIU>{{cite web|url=http://www.homepages.indiana.edu/092900/text/conversations.html|author=Athol Fugard and Bruce Burgun (IUB theater professor)|title=Conversation On line with South African Dramatist Athol Fugard|publisher=[[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University at Bloomington]]|date=2000-09-29|accessdate=2008-09-29}} ([[RealAudio]] clip of interview.)</ref> The recipient of many awards, honors, and [[honorary degree]]s, including the 2005 Order of Ikhamanga in Silver "for his excellent contribution and achievements in the theatre" from the government of South Africa,<ref name=Orders>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/2005/fugard.htm|title=Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard (1932 -)|work=2005 National Orders Awards|format=[[Web]]|publisher=South African Government Online (info.gov.za)|date=2005-09-27|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref>
he is also an Honorary Fellow of the [[Royal Society of Literature]].<ref name=RSL>{{cite web|url=http://www.rslit.org/index.php?n=Society.Fellows|title=Fellows|publisher=[[Royal Society of Literature]]|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref>


[[cy:Categori:Categorïau yn ôl crefydd]]
== Personal history ==
[[mk:Категорија:Категории по религија]]

[[ro:Categorie:Categorii după religie]]
Athol Fugard was born as '''Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard''', in [[Middelburg, Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa]], on 11 June 1932, to [[English people|English]] and [[Afrikaner]] parents; his mother, Elizabeth Magdalena (née Potgieter), an [[Afrikaner]], operated first a general store and then a lodging house; his father, Harold, was a former [[jazz pianist]] of [[Irish]], [[English people|English]] and [[French Huguenot]] descent, who identified himself as a [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]] [[Anglo-Irish]].<ref name=McLuckie/><ref name=Biography>{{cite web|author=Iain Fisher|url=http://www.iainfisher.com/fugard/athol-fugard.html|title=Athol Fugard: Biography|work=Athol Fugard: Statements|format=[[Web]]|publisher=iainfisher.com|accessdate=2008-10-01}}</ref><ref>Fisher gives Fugard's full birth name as "Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard", spelling Fugard's middle name as ''Lanigan'', following Dennis Walder, ''Athol Fugard'', Writers and Their Work (Tavistock: Northcote House in association with the [[British Council]], 2003)<!--page ref.?-->. It is spelled as ''Lannigan'' in Athol Fugard, ''Notebooks 1960-1977'' (New York: [[Theatre Communications Group]], 2004) <!--page ref.?--> and in Stephen Gray's ''Athol Fugard'' (Johannesburg and New York: [[McGraw-Hill]], 1982) <!--page ref.?--> and many other publications. The former spelling (single ''n'') seems more authoritative, however, as it is also used by Marianne McDonald, a close UCSD colleague and friend of Fugard, in [http://www-theatre.ucsd.edu/TF/fugard.html "A Gift for His Seventieth Birthday: Athol Fugard's ''Sorrows and Rejoicings''"], Department of Theatre and Dance, [[University of California, San Diego]], rpt. from ''TheatreForum'' 21 (Summer/Fall 2002); in Fugard's National Orders Award (27 Sept. 2005) from the government of South Africa, presented to "Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard (1932 –)"; and in his "Full Profile" in ''Who's Who of Southern Africa'' (2007).</ref> Shortly afterward, his family moved to [[Port Elizabeth]].<ref name=Biography/> In 1938, he began attending the [[Marist Brothers]] College, a [[Roman Catholic]] primary school, although he does not practice the Catholic faith; after being awarded a scholarship, he enrolled at a local technical college for secondary education and then matriculated at the [[University of Cape Town]], but he dropped out of the university in 1953, a few months before final examinations.<ref name=McLuckie/> He left home, hitchhiked to North Africa with a friend, and then worked "as a seaman" on a [[Steamboat|steamer ship]], the SS Graigaur, "for two years, spent in the Far East,"<ref name=McLuckie/> where he began writing, an experience "celebrated" in his 1999 autobiographical play ''[[The Captain's Tiger|The Captain's Tiger: A Memoir for the Stage]]''.<ref name=Wertheim215>{{cite book|author=Albert Wertheim|title=The Dramatic Art of Athol Fugard: From South Africa to the World|publisher=Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000|isbn=978-0253338235|accessdate=2008-10-04|pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=W-iy8mVCBToC&pg=PA221&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1&sig=ACfU3U12hICUE8H8VZC064LUTa7BuKUUNA#PPA215,M1 215], [http://books.google.com/books?id=W-iy8mVCBToC&pg=PA221&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1&sig=ACfU3U12hICUE8H8VZC064LUTa7BuKUUNA#PPA224,M1 224–38]}} ([[Google Books]] limited preview.)</ref>
[[ru:Категория:Категории по религиям]]

In September 1956, he married Sheila Meiring, a [[University of Capetown]] Drama School student whom he had met the previous year.<ref name=McLuckie/><ref name=SheilaFugard>{{cite journal|author=[[Sheila Fugard]]|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_n4_v39/ai_16087644|title=The Apprenticeship Years: Athol Fugard issue|journal=Twentieth Century Literature|volume=39.4 (Winter 1993)|publisher=findarticles.com|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref> Now known as [[Sheila Fugard]], she is a novelist and poet, and the Fugards' daughter, [[Lisa Fugard]], is also a novelist.<ref name=Mudge>{{cite web|url=http://www.bookpage.com/0601bp/lisa_fugard.html|author=Alden Mudge|title=African Odyssey: Lisa Fugard Explores the Moral Ambiguities of Apartheid|work=First Person: Interview|publisher=Bookpage.com|date=2006-01-01|accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref>

The Fugards moved to [[Johannesburg]] in 1958, where he worked as a clerk in a "Native Commissioners' Court," which "made him keenly aware of the injustices of [[South Africa under apartheid|apartheid]]."<ref name=McLuckie/> The political impetus of Fugard's plays brought him into conflict with the national government; in order to avoid prosecution, he would have his plays produced and published outside of South Africa.<ref name=McDonald/><ref name=SheilaFugard/>

He and his wife live in [[San Diego, California]],<ref name=UCSD/><ref name=FugardDavies>{{cite web|author=Athol Fugard and Serena Davies|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/08/04/btweek104.xml|title=My Week: Athol Fugard|work=Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]]|date=2007-04-08|accessdate=2008-09-29}}</ref> and maintain a residence in South Africa.<ref name=McDonald>{{cite web|url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/athol_fugard/index.html|author=Marianne McDonald (Professor of Theatre and Classics), Introd. of Athol Fugard|title=A Catholic Antigone: An Episode in the Life of Hildegard of Bingen (Eugene M. Burke C.S.P. Lectureship on Religion and Society, University of California, San Diego)|work=Times Topics, [[The New York Times]]|format=[[YouTube]] [[Video clip]]|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|date=April 2003|accessdate=2008-10-01}}</ref>

==Career==

In 1958, Fugard organized "a multiracial theatre for which he wrote, directed, and acted," writing and producing several plays for it, including ''[[No-Good Friday]]'' (1958) and ''[[Nongogo]]'' (1959), in which he and his colleague black South African actor [[Zakes Mokae]] performed.<ref name=McLuckie/>

After returning to [[Port Elizabeth]] in the early 1960s, Athol and Sheila Fugard started The Circle Players,<ref name=McLuckie/> which derives its name from their "influential" production of ''[[The Caucasian Chalk Circle]]'', by [[Bertolt Brecht]].<ref name=Krugerchap5>{{cite book|author=Loren Kruger|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=s4Qizpti1Z4C|chapter=Chapter 5: The Dis-illusion of Apartheid: Brecht in South Africa|title=Post-Imperial Brecht Politics and Performance, East and South|series=Cambridge Studies in Modern Theatre|publisher=Cambridge and New York: Cambridge UP, 2004|pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=s4Qizpti1Z4C&pg=PA215&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0&sig=ACfU3U3_GsnwZR0AUj0_ucO15zVxncXoaQ#PPA215,M1 215–80]|isbn=9780521817080}} ([[Google Books]].)</ref>

In 1961, in [[Johannesburg]], Fugard and Mokae starred as the brothers Morris and Zachariah in the single-performance world première of Fugard's play ''[[ Blood Knot|The Blood Knot]]'' (revised and retitled ''Blood Knot'' in 1987).<ref name=Gussow>{{cite news|author=[[Mel Gussow]]|url=http://theater2.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html?res=9C05E5D91439F937A1575AC0A963948260|title=Stage: 'The Blood Knot' by Fugard|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|date=1985-09-24|accessdate=2008-02-087}}</ref>

In 1962, Fugard publicly supported the [[Anti-Apartheid Movement]] (1959–1994), an international boycott of South African theatres due to their segregated audiences, leading to government restrictions on him and surveillance of him and his theatre by the Secret Police, and leading him to have his plays published and produced outside of South Africa.<ref name=McDonald/>

[[Lucille Lortel]] produced ''The Blood Knot'' at the Cricket Theatre, [[Off Broadway]], in [[New York City]], in 1964, "launch[ing]" his "American career."<ref name=LortelArchiveBiog>{{cite web|url=http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=people&keyword=name&first=Athol&last=Fugard&middle=|title="Athol Fugard: Biography"|publisher=[[Lortel Archives|The Internet Off-Broadway Database]]|accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref>

In the 1960s, Fugard formed the Serpent Players, whose name derives from their first venue, the former snake pit at the zoo,<ref name=McDonald/> "a group of black actors worker-players who earned their living as teachers, clerks, and industrial workers, and cannot thus be considered amateurs in the manner of leisured whites," developing and performing plays "under surveillance of the Security Police."<ref name=Kruger217f>{{cite book|author=Loren Kruger|chapter=Chapter 5: Post-Imperial Brecht Politics and Apartheid in South Africa|title=Post-Imperial Brecht Politics and Performance, East and South|series=Cambridge Studies in Modern Theatre|publisher=Cambridge and New York: Cambridge UP, 2004|pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=s4Qizpti1Z4C&pg=PA215&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0&sig=ACfU3U3_GsnwZR0AUj0_ucO15zVxncXoaQ#PPA217,M1 217–18]|isbn=9780521817080}} ([[Google Books]] limited preview.)</ref>

Their plays utilized minimalist sets and props improvised from whatever materials were available; often staged in [[Township (South Africa)|black areas]] for a night, the cast would move on to the next venue, such as a dimly-lit church hall or community center, where the audience consisted of poor migrant labourers and the residents of hostels in the townships.{{fact|date=October 2008}}

According to Kruger,
<blockquote>the Serpent Players used [[Bertolt Brecht|Brecht]]'s elucidation of [[Alienation effect|gestic acting]], dis-illusion, and social critique, as well as their own experience of the satiric comic routines of urban African [[vaudeville]], to explore the theatrical force of Brecht's techniques, as well as the immediate political relevance of a play about land distribution. Their work on the ''[[The Caucasian Chalk Circle|Caucasian Chalk Circle]]'' and, a year later, on ''[[Antigone (Sophocles)|Antigone]]''<ref name=McDonald/> led directly to the creation, in 1966, of what is still [2004] South Africa's most distinctive ''Lehrstück'' [learning play]: ''[[The Coat]]''. Based on an incident at one of the many political trials involving the Serpent Players, ''The Coat'' dramatized the choices facing a woman whose husband, convicted of anti-apartheid political activity, left her only a coat and instructions to use it.<ref name=Kruger217f/></blockquote>

In ''The Coat'', Kruger observes, "The participants were engaged not only in representing social relationships on stage but also on enacting and revising their own dealings with each other and with institutions of apartheid oppression from the law courts downward," and "this engagement testified to the real power of Brecht's apparently [[utopia]]n plan to abolish the separation of player and audience and to make of each player a '[[statesman]]' or social actor.... Work on ''The Coat'' led indirectly to the Serpent Players' most famous and most Brechtian productions, ''[[Sizwe Banzi Is Dead|Sizwe Bansi is Dead]]'' (1972) and ''[[The Island (play)|The Island]]'' (1973)."<ref name=Kruger217f/>

Fugard developed these two plays for the Serpent Players in workshops, working extensively with black actors [[John Kani]] and [[Winston Ntshona]],<ref name=Kruger217f/> before writing ''[[Statements After an Arrest Under the Immorality Act]]'' (1973). The Security Police considered the title of ''The Island'', which refers to [[Robben Island]], the prison where [[Nelson Mandela]] was being held, too controversial, so they used the alternative title ''The Hodoshe Span'' (''Hodoshe'' being slang for prison work gang).{{fact|date=October 2008}}

These plays "evinced a Brecthian attention to the demonstration of [[gest]] and social situations and encouraged audiences to analyze rather than merely applaud the action"; for example, ''[[Sizwe Banzi Is Dead]]'', which "combined Brechtian critique and [[vaudeville|vaudevillian irony]] – especially in Kani's virtuoso improvisation – even provoked an African audience's critical interruption and interrogation of the action."<ref name=Kruger217f/> While dramatizing frustrations in the lives of his audience members, the plays simultanously drew them into the action and attempted to have them analyze the situations of the characters in Brechtian fashion, according to Kruger.<ref name=Kruger217f/>

''Blood Knot'' was filmed by the [[BBC Two|BBC Television]] in 1967, with Fugard's collaboration, starring the [[Jamaica]]n actor, [[Charles Hyatt]] as Zachariah and Fugard himself as Morris, as he had in the original 1961 premiere in Johannesburg.<ref name=FugardNotebooks>{{cite book|author=Athol Fugard|title=''Notebooks 1960-1977''|publisher=Craighall: A. D. Donker, 1983|isbn=086852011X|quote=Back in S'Kop after five weeks in London for BBC TV production of The Blood Knot. Myself as Morrie, with Charles Hyatt as Zach. Robin Midgley directing. Midgley reduced the play to 90 minutes...Midgley did manage to dig up things that had been missed in all the other productions. Most exciting was his treatment of the letter writing scene - 'Address her' - which he turned into an essay in literacy...Zach sweating as the words clot in his mouth....}}</ref>

Less pleased, the [[South Africa]]n government of [[B. J. Vorster]] confiscated Fugard's passport.<ref name=Walder>Dennis Walder, [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_n4_v39/ai_16087646/pg_7 "Crossing Boundaries: The Genesis of the Township Plays"], Special issue on Athol Fugard, ''Twentieth Century Literature'' (Winter 1993); rpt. ''findarticles.com''. Accessed 4 Oct. 2008.</ref><ref name=Biography/> Four years later, in 1971, partially as the result of international protest on his behalf, the South African travel restrictions against Fugard eased, allowing him to fly to England again, in order to direct ''[[Boesman and Lena]]''.{{fact|date=October 2008}}

''[[Master Harold...and the Boys]],'' written in 1982, incorporates "strong autobiographical matter"; nonetheless "it is fiction, not [[memoir]]," as ''[[Cousins: A Memoir]]'' and some of Fugard's other works are subtitled.<ref name=Wertheim>{{cite book|author=Albert Wertheim|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=W-iy8mVCBToC&pg=PA221&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1&sig=ACfU3U12hICUE8H8VZC064LUTa7BuKUUNA#PPA225,M1|title=The Dramatic Art of Athol Fugard: From South Africa to the World|publisher=Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000|isbn=9780253338235|pages=225|accessdate=2008-10-02}} ([[Google Books]] limited preview.)</ref>

Fugard demonstrates that he opposes injustices committed by both the government and by its chief political opposition in his play ''My Children! My Africa!'', which attacks the [[African National Congress|ANC]] for deciding to boycott African schools, based on recognition of the damage that boycott would cause a generation of African pupils.{{fact|date=October 2008}}

His post-apartheid plays, such as ''[[Valley Song]]'', ''[[The Captain's Tiger|The Captain's Tiger: A Memoir for the Stage]]'' and his latest play, ''[[Victory (Fugard play)|Victory]]'' (2007), focus more on personal issues than on political issues.<ref name=Logan>{{cite news|author=Brian Logan|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/stage/theatre/article2133250.ece|title=Finally, It's Personal|work=[[Timesonline.co.uk|The Times]]|date=2007-07-28|accessdate=2008-10-01|quote=[Fugard's] plays helped to end apartheid, but it's Athol Fugard's own life that now inspires his work.}}</ref><ref name=Spencer>{{cite news|author=Charles Spencer|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/08/17/nosplit/bt-victory-117.xml|title=Victory: The Fight's Gone Out of Fugard|work=[[Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]]|date=2007-08-17|accessdate=2008-10-01}} [Theatre rev. of ''Victory'' at the [[Theatre Royal, Bath]].]</ref>

Fugard's plays are produced internationally, have won multiple awards, and several have been made into films, including among their actors Fugard himself.<ref name=AMGF>"Filmography" in {{allmovie|id=2:25251}}. Accessed 3 Oct. 2008.</ref>

His film debut as a director occurred in 1992, when he co-directed the adaptation of his play ''[[The Road to Mecca]]'' with Peter Goldsmid, who also wrote the screenplay.<ref name=AMGF/>

The film adaptation of his novel ''[[Tsotsi]]'' ([[Afrikaans]] for ''hoodlum''), written and directed by [[Gavin Hood]], won the 2005 [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] in 2006.<ref name=AMGF/>

==Plays==
:(in chronological order of first production and/or publication)
* ''[[Klaas and the Devil]]'' (1956)
* ''[[The Cell]]'' (1957)
* ''[[No-Good Friday]]'' (1958)
* ''[[Nongogo]]'' (1959)
* ''[[Blood Knot|The Blood Knot]]'' (1961); later revised and entitled ''[[Blood Knot]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Hello and Goodbye]]'' (1965)
* ''[[The Coat]]'' (1966)
* ''[[People Are Living There]]'' (1968)
* ''[[The Last Bus]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Boesman and Lena]]'' (1969)
* ''[[Friday's Bread on Monday]]'' (1970)
* ''[[Sizwe Banzi Is Dead|Sizwe Bansi Is Dead]]'' (1972) (developed with [[John Kani]], and [[Winston Ntshona]] in workshops)
* ''[[The Island (play)|The Island]]'' (1972) (developed with [[John Kani]], and [[Winston Ntshona]] in workshops)
* ''[[Statements After an Arrest Under the Immorality Act]]'' (1972)
* ''[[Dimetos]]'' (1975)
* ''[[Orestes (Fugard play)|Orestes]]'' (1978)
* ''[[A Lesson from Aloes]]'' (1978)
* ''[[The Drummer (Fugard play)|The Drummmer]]'' (1980)
* ''[[Master Harold...and the Boys]]'' (1982)
* ''[[The Road to Mecca]]'' (1984)
* ''[[A Place with the Pigs: A Personal Parable]]'' (1987)
* ''[[My Children! My Africa!]]'' (1989)
* ''[[My Life (Fugard play)|My Life]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Playland (Fugard play)|Playland]]'' (1993)
* ''[[Valley Song]]'' (1996)
* ''[[The Captain's Tiger|The Captain's Tiger: A Memoir for the Stage]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Sorrows and Rejoicings]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Exits and Entrances]]'' (2004)
* ''[[Booitjie and the Oubaas]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Victory (Fugard play)|Victory]]'' (2007).<ref name=Biography/><ref name=Plays>{{cite web|author=Iain Fisher|url=http://www.iainfisher.com/fugard/athol-fugard-play.html|title=Athol Fugard: Plays|work=Athol Fugard: Statements|format=[[Web]]|publisher=iainfisher.com|accessdate=2008-10-01|quote=Some of his plays are grouped together. Sometimes this is based on the subject matter (the Port Elizabeth plays), sometimes it is based on a period and style (the Statement Plays). ... But no category is complete, and there is overlap (The Township and The Statement Plays) and some plays do not easily fit into any categories.}}</ref><ref name=Grayclassifications>Fisher observes in the Fugard "Biography" section of ''Athol Fugard: Statements'' that South African writer and critic [[Stephen Gray (writer)|Stephen Gray]] classifies many of Fugard's dramatic works, according to chronological periods of composition and similarities of style: "Apprenticeship" ([1956–]1957); "Social Realism" (1958–1961); "Chamber Theatre" (1961–1970); "Improvised Theatre" (1966–1973); and "Poetic Symbolism" (1975[–1990]).</ref><ref name=GrayMethuenFile>{{cite book|author=[[Stephen Gray (writer)|Stephen Gray]], ed. and introd|title=File on Fugard|publisher=London: Methuen Drama, 1991|isbn=978-0413645807|pages=}}</ref><ref name=FugardGrayed>{{cite book|author=Athol Fugard; [[Stephen Gray (writer)|Stephen Gray]], ed. and introd|title=My Children! My Africa! and Selected Shorter Plays|publisher=Johannesburg: Witwatersrand UP, 1990|isbn=1868141179|pages=}}</ref><!--needs exact page references for the information taken from Gray's publication(s).-->

==Bibliography==

*''Statements: [Three Plays]''. Oxford and New York: [[Oxford University Press|Oxford UP]], 1974. ISBN 0192113852 (10). ISBN 9780192113856 (13). ISBN 0192811703 (10). ISBN 9780192811707 (13). [Co-authored with [[John Kani]] and [[Winston Ntshona]]; see below.)
* ''Three Port Elizabeth Plays'': [[Blood Knot]]; Hello and Goodbye; ''and'' [[Boesman and Lena]]. Oxford and New York, 1974. ISBN 0192113666.
* [[Sizwe Banzi Is Dead|Sizwe Bansi Is Dead]] ''and'' [[The Island (play)| The Island]]. New York: [[Viking Press]], 1976. ISBN 0670647845
* [[Dimetos]] ''and Two Early Plays''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1977. ISBN 0192113909.
* [[Boesman and Lena]] ''and Other Plays''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1980. ISBN 0195701976.
* ''Selected Plays of Fugard: Notes''. Ed. Dennis Walder. London: [[Longman]], 1980. Beirut: York Press, 1980. ISBN 0582781299.
* [[A Lesson from Aloes]]: ''A Play''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1981.
* ''[[Marigolds in August]]''. A. D. Donker, 1982. ISBN 086852008X.
* ''[[Boesman and Lena]]''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1983. ISBN 0195703316.
* ''[[People Are Living There]]''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1983. ISBN 0195703324.
* ''[[Master Harold...and the Boys]]''. New York and London: Penguin, 1984. ISBN 0140481877.
* [[The Road to Mecca]]: ''A Play in Two Acts''. London: [[Faber and Faber]], 1985. ISBN 0571136915. [Suggested by the life and work of [[The Owl House|Helen Martins]] of [[Nieu-Bethesda|New Bethesda]], [[Eastern Cape]], [[South Africa]].]
* ''Selected Plays''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1987. ISBN 0192819291. [Includes: ''[[Master Harold...and the Boys]]''; ''[[Blood Knot]]'' (new version); ''Hello and Goodbye''; ''[[Boesman and Lena]]''.]
* ''[[A Place with the Pigs]]: A Personal Parable''. London: Faber and Faber, 1988. ISBN 0571151140.
* [[My Children! My Africa!]] ''and Selected Shorter Plays''. Ed. and introd., [[Stephen Gray (writer)|Stephen Gray]]. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand UP, 1990. ISBN 1868141179.
* [[Blood Knot]] ''and Other Plays''. New York: [[Theatre Communications Group]], 1991. ISBN 1559360194.
* [[Playland (Fugard play)|Playland]] ''and Other Worlds''. Johannesburg: [[University of the Witwatersrand|Witwatersrand]] UP, 1992. ISBN 1868142191.
* ''The Township Plays''. Ed. and introd. Dennis Walder. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1993. ISBN 0192829254. [Includes: ''No-good Friday'', ''Nongogo'', ''The Coat'', ''[[Sizwe Bansi Is Dead|Sizwe Bansi Is Dead]]'', and ''The Island''.]
* ''[[Cousins: A Memoir]]'', Johannesburg: Witwatersrand UP, 1994. ISBN 1868142787.
* ''[[Hello and Goodbye]]''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 1994. ISBN 0195710991.
* ''[[Valley Song]]''. London: Faber and Faber, 1996. ISBN 0571179088.
* ''[[The Captain's Tiger: A Memoir for the Stage]]''. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand UP, 1997. ISBN 1868143244.
* ''Athol Fugard: Plays''. London: Faber and Faber, 1998. ISBN 0571190936.
* ''Interior Plays''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 2000. ISBN 0192880357.
* ''Port Elizabeth Plays''. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP, 2000. ISBN 0192825291.
* ''[[Sorrows and Rejoicings]]''. New York: [[Theatre Communications Group]], 2002. ISBN 1559362081.
* ''[[Exits and Entrances]]''. New York: [[Dramatists Play Service]], 2004. ISBN 0822220415.

;Co-authored with [[John Kani]] and [[Winston Ntshona]]
* ''Statements: [Three Plays].'' 1974. By Athol Fugard, John Kani, and Winston Ntshona. Rev. ed. Oxford and New York: [[Oxford University Press]], 1978. ISBN 0192811703 (10). ISBN 9780192811707 (13). ["Two workshop productions devised by Athol Fugard, John Kani, and Winston Ntshona, and a new play"; includes: ''[[Sizwe Banzi Is Dead|Sizwe Bansi Is Dead]]'' and ''The Island'', and ''Statements After an Arrest Under the Immorality Act''.]

;Co-authored with Ross Devenish
* ''The Guest: An Episode in the Life of Eugene Marais''. By Athol Fugard and Ross Devenish. Craighall: A. D. Donker, 1977. ISBN 0949937363. (''Die besoeker: 'n episode in die lewe van Eugene Marais''. Trans. into [[Afrikaans]] by Wilma Stockenstrom. Craighall: A. D. Donker, 1977. ISBN 0949937436.)

==Filmography==
;Films adapted from Fugard's plays and novel<ref name=AMGF/>
* ''[[Boesman and Lena]]'' (1974), dir. Ross Devenish
* ''[[Marigolds in August]]'' (1980), dir. Ross Devenish
* ''[[Master Harold...and the Boys]]'' (1984), [[Television movie]], dir. [[Michael Lindsay-Hogg]], first broadcast on [[Showtime]]<ref name=AMG>{{allmovie title|id=1:31723|title=Master Harold...and the Boys}}. Accessed 3 Oct. 2008.</ref>
* ''[[The Road to Mecca]]'' (1992), co-dir. by Fugard and Peter Goldsmid (screen adapt.)
* ''[[Boesman and Lena]]'' (2000), dir. [[John Berry (film director)|John Berry]]
* ''[[Tsotsi]]'' (2005), screen adapt. and dir. [[Gavin Hood]]; 2005 [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]<ref name=McLuckie/>

;Film roles<ref name=AMGF/>
* Boesman in ''[[Boesman and Lena]]'' (1974)
* Eugene Marais in ''[[The Guest at Steenkampskraal]]'' (1977)<ref name=AMGGuest>{{allmovie title|id=1:93978|title=The Guest at Steenkampskraal}}. Accessed 4 Oct. 2008.</ref>
* Professor Skridlov in ''[[Meetings with Remarkable Men]]'' (1979)<ref name=AMGMeetings>{{allmovie title|id=1:32094|title=Meetings with Remarkable Men}}. Accessed 3 Oct. 2008.</ref>
* General Smuts in ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' (1982)
* Doctor Sundesval in ''[[The Killing Fields (film)|The Killing Fields]]'' (1984)
* Paulus Olifant in ''[[Marigolds in August]]'' (1984)
* The Reverend Marius Byleveld in ''[[The Road to Mecca]]'' (1992)

== Selected awards and nominations ==
;Theatre<ref name=List>A list of Fugard's Broadway theatre award nominations may be found at the [[Internet Broadway Database|IBDB]]. {{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/awardperson.asp?id=4353|title=Athol Fugard: Awards|publisher=[[Internet Broadway Database]]|accessdate=2008-10-01}}</ref>
* [[Obie Award]]
** 1971 - Best Foreign Play - ''[[Boesman and Lena]]'' ('''winner''')<ref name=Lortel>{{cite web|url=http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=people&keyword=name&first=Athol&last=Fugard&middle= Athol Fugard|title=Athol Fugard: Award Nominations; Award(s) Won|publisher=[[Lortel Archives|The Internet Off-Broadway Database]]|accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref>
* [[Tony Award]]
** 1975 - Best Play - ''[[Sizwe Banzi Is Dead]]'' / ''[[The Island (play)| The Island]]'' - Athol Fugard, John Kani and Winston Ntshona ('''winner''')
* [[New York Drama Critics' Circle|New York Drama Critics' Circle Awards]]
** 1981 - Best Play - ''A Lesson From Aloes'' ('''winner''')
** 1988 - Best Foreign Play - ''[[The Road to Mecca]]'' ('''winner''')<ref name=Lortel/>
* [[Evening Standard Award]]
** 1983 – Best Play – ''[[Master Harold...and the Boys]]'' ('''winner''')
* [[Drama Desk Awards]]
** 1982 – ''[[Master Harold...and the Boys]]'' ('''winner''')
* [[Lucille Lortel Awards]]
** 1992 – Outstanding Revival – ''[[Boesman and Lena]]'' ('''winner''')<ref name=Lortel/>
** 1996 – Outstanding Body of Work ('''winner''')<ref name=Lortelarchive>{{cite web|url=http://www.lortel.org/LLF_awards/index.cfm?page=previous1986-2000|title=Lucille Lortel Awards Archive: 1986–2000|publisher=[[Lortel Archives]]|accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref>
* [[Audie Awards|The Audie Awards]] ([[Audio Publishers Association]])
** 1999 - Theatrical Productions - ''[[The Road to Mecca]]'' ('''winner''')<ref name=Audie>{{cite web|url=http://www.writerswrite.com/books/awards/audie.htm|title=The Audie Awards: 1999|format=[[Web]]|publisher=Writers Write, Inc.|accessdate=2008-10-02}}</ref>
* [[Outer Critics Circle Award]]
** 2007 – Outstanding New Off-Broadway Play – ''[[Exits and Entrances]]'' ('''nomination''')<ref name=Lortel/>

;Honorary awards
* [[Writers Guild of America Awards|Writers Guild of America, East Award]]
** 1986 - Evelyn F. Burkey Memorial Award - (along with [[Lloyd Richards]])
* National Orders Award ([[South Africa]])
** 2005 – The Order of Ikhamanga in Silver - "for his excellent contribution and achievements in the theatre"<ref name=Orders>{{cite web|url=http://www.info.gov.za/aboutgovt/orders/2005/fugard.htm|title=Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard (1932 -)|work=2005 National Orders Awards|format=[[Web]]|publisher=South African Government Online (info.gov.za)|date=2005-09-27|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref>

;Honorary degrees
<!--This section needs dev. Fugard has received many honorary degrees according to some biographical accounts.-->
*[[Yale University]], 1983<ref name=YU>{{cite web|url=http://www.yale.edu/oir/book_numbers_updated/A6%20_Honorary_Degree_Honorands.pdf|title=Yale University: Honorary Degree Honorands: 1977–2000|format=[[PDF]]|publisher=[[Yale University]]|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref>
*[[Wittenberg University]], 1992<ref name=WU>{{cite web|url=https://www.wittenberg.edu/cabinet/honorary.html|title=Honorary Degree Recipients: 1948–2001|publisher=[[Wittenberg University]]|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref>
*[[University of the Witwatersrand]], 1993<ref name=Witt>{{cite web|url=http://web.wits.ac.za/Alumni/Awards/HonoraryDegs.htm|title=Honorary Graduates: 1920s to 2000s|format=[[Web]]|publisher=[[University of the Witwatersrand]]|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref>
*[[Brown University]], 1995<ref name=BUPR>{{cite press release|url=http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Release_Index_Search.php?Date_Day=01&Date_Month=07&Date_Year=1993&author=any&maxRecords=50&subject=honorary|title=News release 94-185|format=[[Web]]|publisher=[[Brown University]] News Bureau (Sweeney)|date=1995-05-24|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref>
*[[Princeton University]], 1998<ref name=Princeton>{{cite web|url=http://www.princeton.edu/pr/facts/honorary/|title=Honorary Degrees Awarded by Princeton University: 1940s to 2000s|format=[[Web]]||publisher=[[Princeton University]]|accessdate=2008-10-04}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[South Africa under apartheid]]

==Notes==
<!--Needs source citations; missing throughout. See [[WP:CITE]] for possible templates and format.-->
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
*''[http://www.oxfordplayhouse.com/Downloads/Store/AmajubaWP.pdf The Amajuba Resource Pack]''. [[The Oxford Playhouse]] and Farber Foundry: In Association with Mmabana Arts Foundation. [[Oxford Playhouse]], Oct. 2004. Accessed 1 Oct. 2008. Downloadable [[Portable Document Format|PDF]]. ["Photographs by Robert Day; Written by Rachel G. Briscoe; Edited by Rupert Rowbotham; Overseen by Yael Farber." 18 pages.]
*''Athol Fugard''. Special issue of ''Twentieth Century Literature'' 39.4 (Winter 1993). [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_n4_v39 Index]. ''Findarticles.com''. <nowiki><http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0403/is_n4_v39></nowiki>. Accessed 4 Oct. 2008. (Includes: Athol Fugard, "Some Problems of a Playwright from South Africa" (Transcript. 11 pages.)
*Blumberg, Marcia Shirley, and Dennis Walder, eds. ''South African Theatre As/and Intervention''. Amsterdam and Atlanta, GA: Editions [[Rodopi Publishers|Rodopi]] B.V., 1999. ISBN 9042005378 (10). ISBN 9789042005372 (13).
*Fugard, Athol. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=O7bo9B_aAZUC A Lesson from Aloes]''. New York: [[Theatre Communications Group]], 1989. ISBN 1559360011 (10). ISBN 9781559360012 (13). [[Google Books]]. Accessed 1 Oct. 2008. (Limited preview available.)
*–––, and Chris Boyd. [http://chrisboyd.blogspot.com/2006/02/athol-fugard-on-tsotsi-truth-and.html "Athol Fugard on ''Tsotsi'', Truth and Reconciliation, Camus, Pascal and 'courageous pessimism'...."] ''The Morning After: Performing Arts in Australia'' ([[Blog]]). ''[[WordPress]]''. 29 Jan. 2006. Accessed 4 Oct. 2008. ["An edited interview with South African playwright Athol Fugard (in San Diego) on the publication of his only novel ''[[Tsotsi]]'' in Australia, January 29, 2006."]
*–––, and Serena Davies. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/08/04/btweek104.xml "My Week: Athol Fugard"]. ''[[Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]]'' 8 Apr. 2007. Accessed 29 Sept. 2008. [The playwright describes his week to Serena Davies, prior to the opening of his play ''Victory'' at the [[Theatre Royal, Bath]] (telephone interview).]
*[[Stephen Gray (writer)|Gray, Stephen]]. ''Athol Fugard''. Johannesburg and New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982. ISBN 0074506331 (10). ISBN 9780074506332 (13). ISBN 0074506153 (10). ISBN 9780074506158 (13).
*–––, ed. and introd. ''File on Fugard''. London: Methuen Drama, 1991. ISBN 0413645800 (10). ISBN 978-0413645807 (13).
*–––. [[My Children! My Africa!]] ''and Selected Shorter Plays'', by Athol Fugard. Johannesburg: [[University of the Witwatersrand|Witwatersrand]] UP, 1990. ISBN 1868141179.
*Kruger, Loren. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=s4Qizpti1Z4C Post-Imperial Brecht Politics and Performance, East and South]''. Cambridge Studies in Modern Theatre. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge UP, 2004. ISBN 0521817080 (10). ISBN 9780521817080 (13). ([[Google Books]]; limited preview available.)
*McDonald, Marianne. [http://www-theatre.ucsd.edu/TF/fugard.html "A Gift for His Seventieth Birthday: Athol Fugard's ''Sorrows and Rejoicings''"]. Department of Theatre and Dance. [[University of California, San Diego]]. Rpt. from ''TheatreForum'' 21 (Summer/Fall 2002). Accessed 2 Oct. 2008.
*McLuckie, Craig ([[Okanagan College]]). [http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=1651 "Athol Fugard (1932–)"]. ''[[The Literary Encyclopedia]]''. 8 Oct. 2003. Accessed 29 Sept. 2008.
*Morris, Stephen Leigh. [http://www.laweekly.com/2008-01-31/stage/falling-sky/ "Falling Sky: Athol Fugard's ''Victory''"]. ''[[LA Weekly]]'' 31 Jan. 2008. Accessed 29 Sept. 2008. (Theatre rev. of the American première at the [[The Fountain Theatre]], [[Los Angeles]], [[California]].)
*Spencer, Charles. [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2007/08/17/nosplit/bt-victory-117.xml "Victory: The Fight's Gone Out of Fugard"]. ''[[Telegraph.co.uk|The Telegraph]]'' 17 Aug. 2007. Accessed 30 Sept. 2008. [Theatre rev. of ''Victory'' at the [[Theatre Royal, Bath]].]
*Walder, Dennis. ''Athol Fugard''. Writers and Their Work. Tavistock: Northcote House in association with the [[British Council]], 2003. ISBN 0746309481 (10). ISBN 9780746309483 (13).
*Wertheim, Albert. ''The Dramatic Art of Athol Fugard: From South Africa to the World''. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 2000. ISBN 0253338239 (10). ISBN 978-0253338235 (13).
*–––, ed. and introd. ''Athol Fugard: A Casebook''. [Casebooks on Modern Dramatists]. Gen. Ed., Kimball King. New York: [[Routledge|Garland Publishing]], 1997. ISBN 0815307454 (10). ISBN 9780815307457 (13). (Out of print; unavailable.) [Hardcover ed. published by Garland Publishing; the series of Casebooks on Modern Dramatists is now published by [[Routledge]], an imprint of [[Taylor & Francis]], and does not include this title.<!--Title and/or ISBN not currently listed by Routledge, Taylor & Francis, WorldCat, or the Library of Congress; listed on various commercial book site with errors in editor(s). -->]

==External links==
*[http://theatre.ucsd.edu/people/faculty/AtholFugard/ "Athol Fugard"]. Faculty profile. Department of Theatre and Dance. [[University of California, San Diego]]. [Lists ''Athol Fugard: Statements: An Athol Fugard site by Iain Fisher'' as his "Personal Website".]
*{{allmovie|id=2:25251}}.
*{{ibdb name|id=4353|name=Athol Fugard}}.
*{{imdb name|id=0297538|name=Athol Fugard}}.
*[http://www.lortel.org/LLA_archive/index.cfm?search_by=people&keyword=name&first=Athol&last=Fugard&middle= Athol Fugard] at the [[Lortel Archives|Internet Off-Broadway Database (IOBDb)]].
*''[http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/f/athol_fugard/index.html Athol Fugard]'' at ''Times Topics'' in ''[[The New York Times]]''. (Includes [[YouTube]] [[Video clip]] of Athol Fugard's Burke Lecture "A Catholic [[Antigone]]: An Episode in the Life of [[Hildegard of Bingen]]", the Eugene M. Burke C.S.P. Lectureship on Religion and Society, at the [[University of California, San Diego]], introduced by Professor of Theatre and Classics Marianne McDonald, UCSD Department of Theatre and Dance, April 2003 [Show ID: 7118]. 1:28:57 [duration].)
*[http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Athol+Fugard&fq=&qt=first_page Athol Fugard] at [[WorldCat]].
*[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221431/Athol-Fugard Athol Fugard (1932– )"] at ''[[Britannica Online Encyclopedia]]'' (subscription based; free trial available).
*[http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsF/fugard-athol.html "Athol Fugard (1932– )"] – Complete Guide to Playwright and Plays at ''[[Doolee.com]]''.
*''[http://www.iainfisher.com/fugard.html Athol Fugard: Statements: An Athol Fugard site by Iain Fisher]''.
*[http://books.google.com/books?as_auth=Athol+Fugard "Books by Athol Fugard"] at [[Google Books]] (several with limited previews available).
*[http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=5060 "Full Profile: Mr Athol 'Lanigan' Fugard"] in ''Who's Who of Southern Africa''. © Copyright 2007 24.com (Media24). [Includes hyperlinked "News Articles" from 2000 to 2008.]
*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5490232 "Interviews: South Africa's Fugards: Writing About Wrongs"]. ''[[Morning Edition]]''. [[National Public Radio]]. NPR [[RealAudio]]. 16 June 2006. (With hyperlinked "Related NPR stories" from 2001 to 2006.)

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{{Persondata
|NAME=Fugard, Athol
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Fugard, Harold Athol Lanigan (birth name)
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[South Africa]]n [[playwright]]
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[June 11]] [[1932]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Middleburg, Eastern Cape|Middleburg]], [[South Africa]]
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fugard, Athol}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Anglo-African people]]
[[Category:Evening Standard Award for Best Play]]
[[Category:South African actors]]
[[Category:South African dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:South African writers]]
[[Category:South African novelists]]
[[Category:University of Cape Town alumni]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature]]

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