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{{Short description|French endocrinologist}}
{{for|the German inventor and entrepreneur|Alfred Jost (inventor)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = Alfred Jost
|image =Replace_this_image_male.svg
|image =
|image_size =150px
|image_size =150px
|caption = {{PAGENAME}}
|caption = Alfred Jost
|birth_date = 27 July 1916
|birth_date = 27 July 1916
|birth_place = [[Strasbourg]]
|birth_place = [[Strasbourg]]
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|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[anti-Mullerian hormone]]
|known_for = [[anti-Müllerian hormone]]
|author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo =
|author_abbrev_bot =|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
|influences =
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|prizes =
|prizes =
|religion = |footnotes = |signature =
|religion = |footnotes = |signature =
}}'''Alfred Jost''' (1916&ndash;1991) was a [[French people|French]] [[Endocrinology|endocrinologist]], and an early researcher in the field of fetal endocrinology.<ref>{{cite book |title=Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4VOAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA168 |year=1989 |publisher=Karger |page=168}}</ref> He is known for his discovery of the Müllerian inhibitor, now called [[anti-Müllerian hormone]] (AMH) or Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS).<ref name="MatzukBrown2001">{{cite book |author1=Martin Matzuk |author2=Chester W. Brown |author3=T. Rajendra Kumar |title=Transgenics in Endocrinology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXz1BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA42 |date=15 August 2001 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-59259-102-2 |pages=42–}}</ref> His research demonstrated how hormones affect the development of male and female sex characteristics.<ref name="Reed2012">{{cite book |author=Lori Reed |title=Governing the Female Body: Gender, Health, and Networks of Power |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LM3DGsfHXCAC&pg=PA277 |date=1 February 2012 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-1-4384-2954-0 |pages=277–}}</ref>
}}'''Alfred Jost''' (1916&ndash;1991) was a [[French people|French]] [[Endocrinology|endocrinologist]], famous for his discovery of the Mullerian inhibitor, now called [[anti-Mullerian hormone]] (AMH) or Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS). Alfred Jost resolved the controversy surrounding the mechanism of somatic [[sex differentiation]] by proving that male characteristics must be imposed on the fetus by the testicular hormones testosterone and AMH, respectively responsible for the virilization of the Wolffian ducts, urogenital sinus and external genitalia and for the regression of Mullerian ducts. In the absence or inactivity of these hormones, the fetus becomes phenotypically female. Alfred Jost was also a pioneer through his work on testicular differentiation, in collaboration with Solange Magre. He was the first to show that testicular organization is heralded by the development of pre-Sertoli cells, which progressively surround germ cells to form [[seminiferous tubule]]s. Alfred Jost did not rely only on his brilliant mind. He distrusted theories built on suboptimal experimental data and believed that intelligence was powerless without technical skill. His search for elegant, effective techniques led him to apply surgical methods to fetal endocrinology. He was also a fascinating teacher, particularly for pre-doctoral students. He died aged 75, having retired from the [[Collège de France]], but still active as the Secrétaire Perpétuel of the [[French Science Academy]].

==Career==
Jost was a professor at the University of Paris, and was head of the Department of Comparative Physiology there in 1972.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=noRMAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA37 |year=1972 |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press |pages=37–38}}</ref> Jost was known for applying surgical methods to fetal endocrinology. He also taught many pre-doctoral students.

==Research==
During the 1950s and 1960s Jost studied the mechanism of somatic [[sex differentiation]];<ref name="Becker2002">{{cite book |author=Jill B. Becker |title=Behavioral Endocrinology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6TnKbTRBJoC&pg=PA77 |year=2002 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-52321-9 |page=77}}</ref> his research showed that male characteristics must be imposed on the fetus by the testicular hormones testosterone and AMH,<ref name="Kappy(M.D.)2005">{{cite book |author1=Michael Steven Kappy |author2=David B. Allen (M.D.) |author3=Mitchell E. Geffner |title=Principles and Practice of Pediatric Endocrinology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JlqcQ0WhU_kC&pg=PA490 |year=2005 |publisher=Charles C Thomas Publisher |isbn=978-0-398-07554-5 |page=490}}</ref><ref name="Becker2002"/>
and that in the absence or inactivity of these hormones, the fetus becomes phenotypically female.<ref name="MelmedPolonsky2015">{{cite book |author1=Shlomo Melmed |author2=Kenneth S. Polonsky |author3=P. Reed Larsen |author4=Henry Kronenberg |title=Williams Textbook of Endocrinology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YZ8_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA903 |date=30 November 2015 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-29738-7 |page=903}}</ref>

Jost also studied testicular differentiation, in collaboration with Solange Magre. He was the first to show that testicular organization is heralded by the development of pre-Sertoli cells, which progressively surround germ cells to form [[seminiferous tubule]]s.

== Death ==
He died February 3, 1991, at age 75,<ref name="Bardin2014">{{cite book |author=C. Wayne Bardin |title=Recent Progress in Hormone Research: Proceedings of the 1991 Laurentian Hormone Conference |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ez-aBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |date=10 May 2014 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-4832-1968-4 |page=1}}</ref> having retired from the [[Collège de France]], but still active as the Secrétaire Perpétuel of the [[French Academy of Sciences]].


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
* {{cite journal | author = Josso N | title = Professor Alfred Jost: the builder of modern sex differentiation | journal = Sex Dev | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 55–63 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18577872 | doi = 10.1159/000129690 | url = }}
* {{cite journal |author=Josso N |title=Professor Alfred Jost: the builder of modern sex differentiation |journal=Sex Dev |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=55–63 |year=2008 |pmid=18577872 |doi=10.1159/000129690 |s2cid=26022942 }}

{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Jost, Alfred
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 27 July 1916
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Strasbourg]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 3 February 1991
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jost, Alfred}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jost, Alfred}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:French biologists]]
[[Category:French endocrinologists]]
[[Category:Endocrinologists]]
[[Category:French sexologists]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]

[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:20th-century French physicians]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Paris]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]


{{france-scientist-stub}}
{{france-scientist-stub}}

Latest revision as of 22:21, 5 February 2023

For the German inventor and entrepreneur, see Alfred Jost (inventor).
Alfred Jost
Born27 July 1916
Strasbourg
Died3 February 1991
NationalityFrench
Known foranti-Müllerian hormone
Scientific career
FieldsEndocrinology
InstitutionsCollège de France

Alfred Jost (1916–1991) was a French endocrinologist, and an early researcher in the field of fetal endocrinology.[1] He is known for his discovery of the Müllerian inhibitor, now called anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) or Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS).[2] His research demonstrated how hormones affect the development of male and female sex characteristics.[3]

Career[edit]

Jost was a professor at the University of Paris, and was head of the Department of Comparative Physiology there in 1972.[4] Jost was known for applying surgical methods to fetal endocrinology. He also taught many pre-doctoral students.

Research[edit]

During the 1950s and 1960s Jost studied the mechanism of somatic sex differentiation;[5] his research showed that male characteristics must be imposed on the fetus by the testicular hormones testosterone and AMH,[6][5] and that in the absence or inactivity of these hormones, the fetus becomes phenotypically female.[7]

Jost also studied testicular differentiation, in collaboration with Solange Magre. He was the first to show that testicular organization is heralded by the development of pre-Sertoli cells, which progressively surround germ cells to form seminiferous tubules.

Death[edit]

He died February 3, 1991, at age 75,[8] having retired from the Collège de France, but still active as the Secrétaire Perpétuel of the French Academy of Sciences.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation. Karger. 1989. p. 168.
  2. ^ Martin Matzuk; Chester W. Brown; T. Rajendra Kumar (15 August 2001). Transgenics in Endocrinology. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 42–. ISBN 978-1-59259-102-2.
  3. ^ Lori Reed (1 February 2012). Governing the Female Body: Gender, Health, and Networks of Power. SUNY Press. pp. 277–. ISBN 978-1-4384-2954-0.
  4. ^ The Johns Hopkins Medical Journal. Johns Hopkins Press. 1972. pp. 37–38.
  5. ^ a b Jill B. Becker (2002). Behavioral Endocrinology. MIT Press. p. 77. ISBN 978-0-262-52321-9.
  6. ^ Michael Steven Kappy; David B. Allen (M.D.); Mitchell E. Geffner (2005). Principles and Practice of Pediatric Endocrinology. Charles C Thomas Publisher. p. 490. ISBN 978-0-398-07554-5.
  7. ^ Shlomo Melmed; Kenneth S. Polonsky; P. Reed Larsen; Henry Kronenberg (30 November 2015). Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 903. ISBN 978-0-323-29738-7.
  8. ^ C. Wayne Bardin (10 May 2014). Recent Progress in Hormone Research: Proceedings of the 1991 Laurentian Hormone Conference. Elsevier. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4832-1968-4.
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