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{{Short description|American academic}} |
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'''Baruch Halpern''' is the Covenant Foundation Professor of [[Jewish Studies]] at [[the University of Georgia]]. |
'''Baruch Halpern''' is the Covenant Foundation Professor of [[Jewish Studies]] at [[the University of Georgia]]. He was a leader of the archaeological digs at [[Tel Megiddo]] 1992–2007,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.antiquities.org.il/article_Item_eng.asp?sec_id=36&subj_id=70 |title=Tel Megiddo Centennial – Year 2002 Season |access-date=2007-09-12 |last=Ussishkin |first=David |publisher=[[Israel Antiquities Authority]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017041206/http://antiquities.org.il/article_Item_eng.asp?sec_id=36&subj_id=70 |archive-date=17 October 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> as well as of an archaeological survey in southeastern [[Cilicia]] (Turkey).<ref name="Univ. of Ga">[http://religion.uga.edu/halpern.htm Univ. of Ga.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822122116/http://religion.uga.edu/halpern.htm |date=2015-08-22}}, Dept. of Religion.</ref> As an undergraduate at [[Harvard]] in 1972, he wrote a political analysis of the [[Bible]], which subsequently influenced research into its authorship.<ref name="friedman43">pg. 43, Friedman, Richard Elliott. ''Who Wrote the Bible?'' (2nd edition, 1997) HarperSanFrancisco. {{ISBN|0-06-063035-3}}</ref> |
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He is noted for his use of archaeological information to interpret the meaning of Biblical texts (for example, the explanation of [[Ehud]]'s murder of King Eglon and escape without detection from the "upper room," see Judges 3: |
He is noted for his use of archaeological information to interpret the meaning of Biblical texts (for example, the explanation of [[Ehud]]'s murder of King [[Eglon (king)|Eglon]] and escape without detection from the "upper room," see Judges 3:12–30, in Halpern's book ''The First Historians: The Hebrew Bible and History'', pp. 55–59). He has said: |
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You cannot know the culture without knowing the material culture, either. So we need to combine text with what's in the ground, and, when our evidence is a little dirigible, we also need ethnological help, preferably from our region. This is no different in terms of reconstructing thought than needing to know the central and related languages involved.<ref name="Univ. of Ga"/> |
You cannot know the culture without knowing the material culture, either. So we need to combine text with what's in the ground, and, when our evidence is a little dirigible, we also need ethnological help, preferably from our region. This is no different in terms of reconstructing thought than needing to know the central and related languages involved.<ref name="Univ. of Ga" /> |
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Halpern's theory of the development of Israelite monotheism, first articulated in a 1986 publication, involves the differentiation of the state |
Halpern's theory of the development of Israelite monotheism, first articulated in a 1986 publication, involves the differentiation of the state God, YHWH, from His former subordinates and colleagues, collectively "the baal" or "the baals". This grew into alienation especially around and after the fall of Israel ca. 720 and the Assyrian devastation of Judah in 701. Economically, specialization and the operation of comparative advantage spread partly as a result of competing operative trade networks; this led to partial industrialization and to relative urbanization. Intellectually, the trade-driven renaissance in intellectual exchange provoked a Reformation, of which the reforms of Hezekiah (ca. 701) and Josiah (ca. 622) were manifestations (all 2009). |
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Halpern has strongly criticized biblical minimalists, particularly [[Israel Finkelstein]]'s "Low Chronology" theory: in his 1995 essay ''Erasing History: The Minimalist Assault on Ancient Israel'' he defends the historicity of the [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|United Monarchy]] and of kings [[Saul]], [[David]] and [[Solomon]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Halpern|first=Baruch|title=Erasing History – The Minimalist Assault on Ancient Israel|url=https://www.academia.edu/37266418|journal=Biblical Archaeology Review|date=1999 |page=415 |language=en}}</ref> However, he is far from a literalist: in his book ''David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King'', he describes David as a bloody tyrant, whose image was later whitewashed by the [[Books of Samuel]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Halpern|first=Baruch|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tn8PG4XfuBAC|title=David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King|date=2003-11-12|publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing|isbn=978-0-8028-2797-5|language=en}}</ref> |
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== Books == |
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Major publications include: |
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*''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SBmg9umxM2MC From Gods to God]''. Leiden: Brill, 2009. |
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*''From Gods to God'' (2009) |
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*''The Rise of Ancient Israel: Symposium at the Smithsonian Institution'' (1991, with [[Hershel Shanks]], [[William G. Dever|William Dever]], and [[P. Kyle McCarter]]) |
*''The Rise of Ancient Israel: Symposium at the Smithsonian Institution'' (1991, with [[Hershel Shanks]], [[William G. Dever|William Dever]], and [[P. Kyle McCarter]]) |
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*''The Emergence of Israel in Canaan'' (1983) |
*''The Emergence of Israel in Canaan'' (1983) |
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*''The Constitution of the Monarchy in Israel'' (1981) |
*''The Constitution of the Monarchy in Israel'' (1981) |
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*[https://books.google.com/books?id=4O5O8WVLrAUC |
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=4O5O8WVLrAUC&q=Eglon&pg=PR6 ''The First Historians: The Hebrew Bible and History''] (1980) |
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== Articles and shorter pieces == |
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* "The Rise of Abimelek Ben-Jerubbaal," ''Hebrew Annual Review'' 2 (1978): 79–100. |
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* "[https://www.academia.edu/37266433/The_Centralization_Formula_in_Deuteronomy The Centralization Formula in Deuteronomy]," ''Vetus Testamentum'' 31.1 (1981): 20–38. |
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* "[https://www.academia.edu/32420001/THE_HOUSEBREAKING_LAW_OF_EXODUS_21_37_22_3_A_SYNCHRONIC_VIEW The Housebreaking Law of Exodus 21:37– 22:3: A Synchronic View]," ''Maarav'' 20.2 (2013): 247–250. |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
== External links == |
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*[http://religion.uga.edu/halpern.htm Baruch Halpern], Univ. Ga. Faculty Directory (Profile) |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150822122116/http://religion.uga.edu/halpern.htm Baruch Halpern], Univ. Ga. Faculty Directory (Profile) |
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[[Category:Living people]] |
[[Category:Living people]] |
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[[Category:20th-century archaeologists]] |
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[[Category:21st-century archaeologists]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] |
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]] |
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[[Category:Pennsylvania State University faculty]] |
[[Category:Pennsylvania State University faculty]] |
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[[Category:Educators from Philadelphia]] |
[[Category:Educators from Philadelphia]] |
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[[Category:Harvard University alumni]] |
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]] |
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[[Category:York University |
[[Category:Academic staff of York University]] |
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[[Category:Phoenician-Punic studies]] |
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[[Category:Tel Megiddo]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:26, 25 April 2024
Baruch Halpern is the Covenant Foundation Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of Georgia. He was a leader of the archaeological digs at Tel Megiddo 1992–2007,[1] as well as of an archaeological survey in southeastern Cilicia (Turkey).[2] As an undergraduate at Harvard in 1972, he wrote a political analysis of the Bible, which subsequently influenced research into its authorship.[3]
He is noted for his use of archaeological information to interpret the meaning of Biblical texts (for example, the explanation of Ehud's murder of King Eglon and escape without detection from the "upper room," see Judges 3:12–30, in Halpern's book The First Historians: The Hebrew Bible and History, pp. 55–59). He has said:
You cannot know the culture without knowing the material culture, either. So we need to combine text with what's in the ground, and, when our evidence is a little dirigible, we also need ethnological help, preferably from our region. This is no different in terms of reconstructing thought than needing to know the central and related languages involved.[2]
Halpern's theory of the development of Israelite monotheism, first articulated in a 1986 publication, involves the differentiation of the state God, YHWH, from His former subordinates and colleagues, collectively "the baal" or "the baals". This grew into alienation especially around and after the fall of Israel ca. 720 and the Assyrian devastation of Judah in 701. Economically, specialization and the operation of comparative advantage spread partly as a result of competing operative trade networks; this led to partial industrialization and to relative urbanization. Intellectually, the trade-driven renaissance in intellectual exchange provoked a Reformation, of which the reforms of Hezekiah (ca. 701) and Josiah (ca. 622) were manifestations (all 2009).
Halpern has strongly criticized biblical minimalists, particularly Israel Finkelstein's "Low Chronology" theory: in his 1995 essay Erasing History: The Minimalist Assault on Ancient Israel he defends the historicity of the United Monarchy and of kings Saul, David and Solomon.[4] However, he is far from a literalist: in his book David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King, he describes David as a bloody tyrant, whose image was later whitewashed by the Books of Samuel.[5]
Books[edit]
- Cultural Contact and Appropriation in the Axial-Age Mediterranean World, edited with Kenneth Sacks and Tyler E. Kelley. Leiden: Brill, 2016.
- From Gods to God. Leiden: Brill, 2009.
- David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2003
- The Rise of Ancient Israel: Symposium at the Smithsonian Institution (1991, with Hershel Shanks, William Dever, and P. Kyle McCarter)
- The Emergence of Israel in Canaan (1983)
- The Constitution of the Monarchy in Israel (1981)
- The First Historians: The Hebrew Bible and History (1980)
Articles and shorter pieces[edit]
- "The Rise of Abimelek Ben-Jerubbaal," Hebrew Annual Review 2 (1978): 79–100.
- "The Centralization Formula in Deuteronomy," Vetus Testamentum 31.1 (1981): 20–38.
- "The Housebreaking Law of Exodus 21:37– 22:3: A Synchronic View," Maarav 20.2 (2013): 247–250.
References[edit]
- ^ Ussishkin, David. "Tel Megiddo Centennial – Year 2002 Season". Israel Antiquities Authority. Archived from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
- ^ a b Univ. of Ga. Archived 2015-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, Dept. of Religion.
- ^ pg. 43, Friedman, Richard Elliott. Who Wrote the Bible? (2nd edition, 1997) HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-063035-3
- ^ Halpern, Baruch (1999). "Erasing History – The Minimalist Assault on Ancient Israel". Biblical Archaeology Review: 415.
- ^ Halpern, Baruch (2003-11-12). David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2797-5.
External links[edit]
- Baruch Halpern, Univ. Ga. Faculty Directory (Profile)
- A lecture by Halpern on the Exodus (May 31 – June 1, 2013) on YouTube
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