Briggs Manufacturing Company
Briggs Manufacturing was a Detroit-based manufacturer of automobile bodies for Ford Motor Company, Chrysler Corporation and other US and European automobile manufacturers.
In 1953 it was bought by Chrysler Corporation without its former ‘’Beautyware’’ plumbing division which is now owned by Cerámicas Industriales, South America (CISA).
History
Walter Briggs, by trade an upholsterer of carriages, after experience as a plant superintendent outside the industry joined a Detroit carriage builder and repairer, B F Everitt Company. Everitt had made some automobile bodies for Ransom E Olds and Henry Ford. Walter Briggs was soon in charge of the shops then became vice-president and then president. In 1909 he was able to buy the Everitt business and reorganise it as Briggs Manufacturing Company.[1]
At this time the business provided upholstery for a number of Detroit manufacturers, In 1910 Briggs agreed to supply 10,000 Ford Model T interiors. In 1922 Briggs made for Essex a closed touring car at a price near an open touring car and by 1925 Essex offered buyers the option of an open or closed Briggs bodied car at the same price. As demand expanded more businesses were acquired including competitors supplying to Ford.[1]
During the 1920s Ford and General Motors began to make their own bodies and Briggs became the largest independent.[2]
LeBaron
LeBaron Carossiers Inc, a New York City custom body builder, was bought in 1926 and activities moved to Detroit and named LeBaron Studios. A New York design office remained at 724 Fifth Avenue. The studio’s first influence was on design of the Briggs-built open bodies for the Ford Model A. By that time Briggs' Detroit plants were at Harper Avenue, Mack Avenue, Meldrum Avenue and Vernor Highway. A fire at Harper Avenue brought Briggs to lease the Model T plant at Highland Park in which they made many bodies for Chrysler. Later Briggs leased space in Ford’s Cleveland, Ohio plant. LeBaron designers were responsible for the 1933 Ford V8 body and the Lincoln Zephyr.[1]
LeBaron featured as a Chrysler model name on some of Chrysler’s Imperials until near the end of the 20th century.[1]
Ford
Ford obtained and retained access to Briggs’ records and controlled pricing of products supplied to Ford and also supply of raw materials to Briggs. Briggs followed Ford to the United Kingdom setting up a plant for their Briggs Motor Bodies Limited in Manchester’s new industrial development Trafford Park Trafford Park then an additional plant at Dagenham when British Ford built there. Ownership moved to an English subsidiary in 1935.[3] Another plant was set up at Doncaster after World War II to build bodies for other brands.
Briggs Detroit plants were the centers of strike action by United Auto Workers in 1933 and 1937 where UAW was successful.[1][4][5][6]
As well as Ford well-known brands that fitted Briggs' bodies were: Lincoln, Chrysler, Packard, Hudson, Pierce Arrow and Marmon[1]
Inhouse
The Great Depression caused many customers to bring many more operations under their direct control. Briggs had provided two-thirds of Ford’s bought-in bodies in 1936 but the share had fallen to just over a quarter by 1939 and those went to Lincoln and Mercury. Ford, Chrysler, Packard and Hudson set up their own in-house design departments and LeBaron lost importance for Briggs.[1]
.jpg)
Beginning with the all-new 1941 Clipper all Packard bodies were built by Briggs.[1]
World War II
A workforce of over 36,000 built aircraft gun-turrets, doors, wing components,, bomb doors, heavy and medium tank hulls,trucks and ambulance bodies.[7][1]
Sale to Chrysler
Walter Briggs died in January 1952 and in December 1953 Chrysler Corporation bought Briggs’ entire US body building operation.[1] There were twelve plants, ten in Detroit, and another two in Youngstown, Ohio and Evansville Indiana. The Packard body plant was leased to Packard. Dagenham and Trafford Park were sold to Ford Motor Company Limited and customer Jowett ended production and went out of business.
Beautyware
A new product appeared in 1933. Briggs engineers had worked out how to replace the standard heavy cast iron bathtub. They used their expertise in deep draw metal stamping and the machinery for making car fenders. The new bathtub was stackable and about one-quarter of the weight of the cast iron product. The Briggs family kept Beautyware and did not sell it to Chrysler in 1953. Bought by Cerámicas Industriales, South America (CISA) in 1997 it is now directed from Charleston South Carolina. Briggs Plumbing Products operates plants throughout the Americas.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Mark Theobald - Coachbuilt.com accessed June 9, 2017
- ^ Thomas H Klier; James M Rubenstein. Who really made your car? W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, Mich. 2008. ISBN 0880993340
- ^ City Notes. The Times Monday, Jul 22, 1935; pg. 20; Issue 47122
- ^ B. J. Widick . Detroit: City of Race and Class Violence Wayne State University Press 1989. ISBN 0814321046
- ^ F J Boles. A History Of Local 212 UAW-CIO, 1937-1949: The Briggs Manufacturing Company, Detroit, Michigan. Ph. D. University of Michigan, 1990. OCLC 68788843
- ^ All Ford Plants Idle In U.S.A. The Times, Saturday, Jan 28, 1933; pg. 10; Issue 46354.
- ^ page 128. Flying magazine, September 1945