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<!-- Service history -->
<!-- Service history -->
|service=1891-1945
|service=1891-1945
|used_by=France<br>Bulgaria<br>Greece<br>Haiti<br>Poland<br>Portugal<br>Romania<br>Turkey
|used_by=France<br>Bulgaria<br>Haiti<br>Poland<br>Portugal<br>Romania<br>Turkey
|wars=[[World War I]]<br>[[World War II]]
|wars=[[World War I]]<br>[[World War II]]
<!-- Production history -->
<!-- Production history -->
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|manufacturer=[[Schneider-Creusot|Schneider et Cie]].
|manufacturer=[[Schneider-Creusot|Schneider et Cie]].
|production_date=1891
|production_date=1891
|number=119
|number=
|variants=Mle 1893<br>Mle 1895<br>Mle 1897
|variants=Modèle 1893<br>Modèle 1895<br>Modèle 1897
<!-- General specifications -->
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight={{convert|1700|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|weight={{convert|1700|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}
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The '''Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891''' was a French [[Naval artillery|naval gun]] developed in the late 1800's that armed warships of a number of navies before [[World War I]] and during [[World War II]].
The '''Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891''' was a French [[Naval artillery|naval gun]] developed in the late 1800's that armed a variety of warships before [[World War I]] and during [[World War II]].


==History==
==History==
<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/786178793|title=Naval weapons of World War One|last=Friedman|first=Norman|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Seaforth|year=|isbn=9781848321007|location=|pages=|oclc=786178793}}</ref>
The Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 was French naval gun designed by the French designer [[Canet gun|Gustave Canet]] and produced at [[Schneider-Creusot|Schneider et Cie]] of [[Le Creusot]] in 1889. Four models were produced: Modèle 1891, Modèle 1893, Modèle 1895 and Modèle 1897. At some point in the guns development there was a switch from [[Glossary_of_British_ordnance_terms#Separate_QF|Separate loading QF]] ammunition to [[Glossary of British ordnance terms#Fixed QF|Fixed QF ammunition]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_39-45_m1892.php|title=France Miscellaneous 100 mm (3.9") Guns - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> However the dimensions of the guns and their performance stayed largely the same.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/786178793|title=Naval weapons of World War One|last=Friedman|first=Norman|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Seaforth|year=|isbn=9781848321007|location=|pages=|oclc=786178793}}</ref>

<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-04-08|title=Armata morska 100 mm Canet wz. 1891|url=https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armata_morska_100_mm_Canet_wz._1891&oldid=45507181|journal=Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia|language=pl}}</ref>
==Construction==
==Construction==
The Modèle 1891 was constructed of an A tube, with a Canet screw breech which screwed onto the A tube. There was also a jacket and three layers of reinforcing hoops which all screwed into the breech.

==Coastal Artillery==
In addition to their naval role this family of guns was also used as [[coastal artillery]] by France and Poland. In French service there were two main models the Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1889 T97 and Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1897 T97.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fortiffsere.fr/artillerie/index_fichiers/Page2813.htm|title=Canons de 100 mm TR - FortiffSéré|website=www.fortiffsere.fr|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>

Poland also had two Modèle 1891 guns in service as coastal artillery under the designation Canet 100 mm wz. 1891.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=2016-04-08|title=Armata morska 100 mm Canet wz. 1891|url=https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armata_morska_100_mm_Canet_wz._1891&oldid=45507181|journal=Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia|language=pl}}</ref> The two Polish guns were purchased in March 1924 under a French loan to rearm the Polish army and were intended to arm two ex-Russian [[Filin-class guard ship|Filin-class]] gunboats<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/poland/pl_of_general_haller.htm|title=General Haller gunboats (1921) - Polish Navy (Poland)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> purchased from Finland the [[ORP General Haller]] and [[ORP Komendant Pilsudski]]. However it was found that the guns were too heavy for the ships and two Russian made Canet [[75mm 50 caliber Pattern 1892]] were fitted instead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1939.pl/uzbrojenie/polskie/artyleria/bn_100mm_cannet/index.html|title=Bateria nadbrzeżna 100mm wz. 1891 "Canet" - Kampania Wrześniowa 1939.pl|website=www.1939.pl|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>

In 1932 the two guns formed the 13th coastal artillery battery was created at Oksywie to defend the approaches to the Port of Gdynia. In September 1939 the captain of the battery was Capt. Art. Antoni Ratajczyk, his deputy, Mar. Stanislaw Brychcy. One of the guns was knocked out of action on the first day of fighting, while second gun fired over a hundred rounds before being captured.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dws-xip.pl/wojna/bron/polska/p37.html|title=Armata Canet 100 mm|last=[Scypion]|first=Waldemar Sadaj|website=www.dws-xip.pl|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>


==Naval Use==
==Naval Use==
Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 guns armed a variety of ships such as [[Armored cruiser|armored cruisers]], [[Coastal defence ship|coastal defense ship,]] [[Destroyer|destroyers]], [[Gunboat|gunboats]], [[Minesweeper|minesweepers]], [[Pre-dreadnought battleship|pre-dreadnought]] [[battleships]] and [[Protected cruiser|protected cruisers]] of the [[French Navy|French]], [[Bulgarian Navy|Bulgarian]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/bulgaria/bu_dd_nadezhda.htm|title=NADEZHDA torpedo gunboat (1898)- Bulgarian Navy (Bulgaria)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>, [[Hellenic Navy|Greek]], [[Armed Forces of Haiti|Haitian]], [[Polish Navy|Polish]], [[Portuguese Navy|Portuguese]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/portugal/pr_cr_rainha_dona_amelia.htm|title=RAINHA DONA AMÉLIA protected cruiser (1901) - Portuguese Navy (Portugal)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>, [[Romanian Naval Forces|Romanian]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/romania/ro_es_dumitrescu.htm|title=Căpitan Dumitrescu ASW gunboats (1917-1918/1920) - Romanian Navy (Romania)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> and [[Turkish Naval Forces|Turkish]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/turkey/tu_of_aydin_reis.htm|title=Aydin Reis gunboats (1914) - Ottoman / Turkish Navy (Ottoman Empire / Turkey)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> navies.
Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 guns armed a variety of ships such as [[Armored cruiser|armored cruisers]], [[Coastal defence ship|coastal defense ship,]] [[Destroyer|destroyers]], [[Gunboat|gunboats]], [[Minesweeper|minesweepers]], [[Pre-dreadnought battleship|pre-dreadnought]] [[battleships]] and [[Protected cruiser|protected cruisers]] of the [[French Navy|French]], [[Bulgarian Navy|Bulgarian]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/bulgaria/bu_dd_nadezhda.htm|title=NADEZHDA torpedo gunboat (1898)- Bulgarian Navy (Bulgaria)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>, [[Armed Forces of Haiti|Haitian]], [[Polish Navy|Polish]], [[Portuguese Navy|Portuguese]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/portugal/pr_cr_rainha_dona_amelia.htm|title=RAINHA DONA AMÉLIA protected cruiser (1901) - Portuguese Navy (Portugal)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>, [[Romanian Naval Forces|Romanian]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/romania/ro_es_dumitrescu.htm|title=Capitan Dumitrescu ASW gunboats (1917-1918/1920) - Romanian Navy (Romania)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> and [[Turkish Naval Forces|Turkish]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/turkey/tu_of_aydin_reis.htm|title=Aydin Reis gunboats (1914) - Ottoman / Turkish Navy (Ottoman Empire / Turkey)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref> navies.


'''Armored Cruisers'''
'''Armored Cruisers'''
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'''Gunboats'''
'''Gunboats'''
* [[Crête-à-Pierrot]] - <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/haiti/ha_of_crete_a_pierot.htm|title=CRÈTE-À-PIERROT gunvessel (1895) - Navy of Haiti (Haiti)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
* [[Crête-à-Pierrot]] - <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/haiti/ha_of_crete_a_pierot.htm|title=CRÈTE-À-PIERROT gunvessel (1895) - Navy of Haiti (Haiti)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
* [[Filin-class guard ship|Filin-class]] - [[ORP General Haller]] and [[ORP Komendant Piłsudski]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/poland/pl_of_general_haller.htm|title=Generał Haller gunboats (1921) - Polish Navy (Poland)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
* ''Surprise-class'' - [[French gunboat Zélée|Zélée]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/france/fr_of_surprise.htm|title=Surprise gunboats (1896 - 1900) - French Navy (France)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
* ''Surprise-class'' - [[French gunboat Zélée|Zélée]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/france/fr_of_surprise.htm|title=Surprise gunboats (1896 - 1900) - French Navy (France)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
'''Ironclads'''
'''Ironclads'''
* [[Dévastation-class ironclad|Devastation-class -]]
* [[Dévastation-class ironclad|Devastation-class -]]

* [[Hydra-class ironclad|Hydra-class]] - <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/greece/gr_bb_spetsai.htm|title=Spetsai coastal defence battleships (1891-1892) - Hellenic Navy (Greece)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
'''Minesweepers'''
'''Minesweepers'''
* [[Chamois-class minesweeping sloop|Chamois-class]] - <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/france/fr_es_chamois.htm|title=Chamois avisos - minesweepers (1939 - 1947) - French Navy (France)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
* [[Chamois-class minesweeping sloop|Chamois-class]] - <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/france/fr_es_chamois.htm|title=Chamois avisos - minesweepers (1939 - 1947) - French Navy (France)|website=www.navypedia.org|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
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== Ammunition ==
== Ammunition ==
Ammunition was 100x869R [[Glossary of British ordnance terms#Fixed QF|fixed QF type]]. A complete cartridge weighed {{convert|24|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}} and projectiles weighed {{convert|14-16|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1939.pl/uzbrojenie/polskie/artyleria/bn_100mm_cannet/index.html|title=Bateria nadbrzeżna 100mm wz. 1891 "Canet" - Kampania Wrześniowa 1939.pl|website=www.1939.pl|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>
Ammunition was 100x869R [[Glossary of British ordnance terms#Fixed QF|fixed QF type]]. A complete cartridge weighed {{convert|24|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}} and projectiles weighed {{convert|14-16|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.1939.pl/uzbrojenie/polskie/artyleria/bn_100mm_cannet/index.html|title=Bateria nadbrzezna 100mm wz. 1891 "Canet" - Kampania Wrzesniowa 1939.pl|website=www.1939.pl|access-date=2017-04-23}}</ref>


The gun was able to fire:
The gun was able to fire:
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* http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_39-45_m1892.php
* http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNFR_39-45_m1892.php
* http://navalhistory.flixco.info/H/211042x53535/8330/a0.htm
* http://navalhistory.flixco.info/H/211042x53535/8330/a0.htm
* http://www.fortiffsere.fr/artillerie/index_fichiers/Page2813.htm
* http://www.bartelski.pl/pmw/PMW/bases/index_03.html
* http://www.bartelski.pl/pmw/PMW/bases/index_03.html
* https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armata_morska_100_mm_Canet_wz._1891
* https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armata_morska_100_mm_Canet_wz._1891

Revision as of 18:36, 23 April 2017

Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891
TypeNaval gun
Coastal artillery
Place of originFrance
Service history
In service1891-1945
Used byFrance
Bulgaria
Haiti
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Turkey
WarsWorld War I
World War II
Production history
DesignerCanet
Designed1889
ManufacturerSchneider et Cie.
Produced1891
VariantsModèle 1893
Modèle 1895
Modèle 1897
Specifications
Mass1,700 kg (3,700 lb)
Length4.6 m (15 ft 1 in)
Barrel length4.4 m (14 ft 5 in)
Shell100x869R Fixed QF ammunition
Caliber100 mm (3.9 in) 45 caliber
Actionhydro-spring recuperator
BreechCanet screw breech
Traverse360°
Rate of fire10 rpm
Muzzle velocity710–740 m/s (2,300–2,400 ft/s)[1]
Maximum firing range9.5 km (5.9 mi)

The Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 was a French naval gun developed in the late 1800's that armed a variety of warships before World War I and during World War II.

History

The Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 was French naval gun designed by the French designer Gustave Canet and produced at Schneider et Cie of Le Creusot in 1889. Four models were produced: Modèle 1891, Modèle 1893, Modèle 1895 and Modèle 1897. At some point in the guns development there was a switch from Separate loading QF ammunition to Fixed QF ammunition.[2] However the dimensions of the guns and their performance stayed largely the same.[1]

Construction

The Modèle 1891 was constructed of an A tube, with a Canet screw breech which screwed onto the A tube. There was also a jacket and three layers of reinforcing hoops which all screwed into the breech.

Coastal Artillery

In addition to their naval role this family of guns was also used as coastal artillery by France and Poland. In French service there were two main models the Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1889 T97 and Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1897 T97.[3]

Poland also had two Modèle 1891 guns in service as coastal artillery under the designation Canet 100 mm wz. 1891.[4] The two Polish guns were purchased in March 1924 under a French loan to rearm the Polish army and were intended to arm two ex-Russian Filin-class gunboats[5] purchased from Finland the ORP General Haller and ORP Komendant Pilsudski. However it was found that the guns were too heavy for the ships and two Russian made Canet 75mm 50 caliber Pattern 1892 were fitted instead.[6]

In 1932 the two guns formed the 13th coastal artillery battery was created at Oksywie to defend the approaches to the Port of Gdynia. In September 1939 the captain of the battery was Capt. Art. Antoni Ratajczyk, his deputy, Mar. Stanislaw Brychcy. One of the guns was knocked out of action on the first day of fighting, while second gun fired over a hundred rounds before being captured.[7]

Naval Use

Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891 guns armed a variety of ships such as armored cruisers, coastal defense ship, destroyers, gunboats, minesweepers, pre-dreadnought battleships and protected cruisers of the French, Bulgarian[8], Haitian, Polish, Portuguese[9], Romanian[10] and Turkish[11] navies.

Armored Cruisers

Coastal Defense Ship

Destroyers

Gunboats

Ironclads

Minesweepers

Pre-dreadnought Battleships

Protected Cruisers

Seaplane Tender

Ammunition

Ammunition was 100x869R fixed QF type. A complete cartridge weighed 24 kg (53 lb) and projectiles weighed 14–16 kg (31–35 lb).[31]

The gun was able to fire:

Photo Gallery

References

  • Friedman, Norman (2011). Naval Weapons of World War One. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-84832-100-7.

Notes

  1. ^ a b Friedman, Norman (2011-01-01). Naval weapons of World War One. Seaforth. ISBN 9781848321007. OCLC 786178793.
  2. ^ DiGiulian, Tony. "France Miscellaneous 100 mm (3.9") Guns - NavWeaps". www.navweaps.com. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  3. ^ "Canons de 100 mm TR - FortiffSéré". www.fortiffsere.fr. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  4. ^ "Armata morska 100 mm Canet wz. 1891". Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia (in Polish). 2016-04-08.
  5. ^ "General Haller gunboats (1921) - Polish Navy (Poland)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  6. ^ "Bateria nadbrzeżna 100mm wz. 1891 "Canet" - Kampania Wrześniowa 1939.pl". www.1939.pl. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  7. ^ [Scypion], Waldemar Sadaj. "Armata Canet 100 mm". www.dws-xip.pl. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  8. ^ "NADEZHDA torpedo gunboat (1898)- Bulgarian Navy (Bulgaria)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  9. ^ "RAINHA DONA AMÉLIA protected cruiser (1901) - Portuguese Navy (Portugal)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  10. ^ "Capitan Dumitrescu ASW gunboats (1917-1918/1920) - Romanian Navy (Romania)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  11. ^ "Aydin Reis gunboats (1914) - Ottoman / Turkish Navy (Ottoman Empire / Turkey)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  12. ^ "Gloire armoured cruisers (1903 - 1904) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  13. ^ "Gueydon armoured cruisers (1902 - 1905) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  14. ^ "Bouvines patrol vessels (1919) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  15. ^ "Aventurier destroyers (1914) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  16. ^ "Bisson destroyers (1913 - 1914) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  17. ^ "Bouclier destroyers (1911 - 1913) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  18. ^ "Enseigne Roux destroyers (1916 - 1923) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  19. ^ "CRÈTE-À-PIERROT gunvessel (1895) - Navy of Haiti (Haiti)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  20. ^ "Surprise gunboats (1896 - 1900) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  21. ^ "Chamois avisos - minesweepers (1939 - 1947) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  22. ^ "BOUVET battleship (1898) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  23. ^ "CHARLEMAGNE battleships (1897 - 1900) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  24. ^ "IÉNA battleship (1902) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  25. ^ "MASSÉNA battleship (1898) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  26. ^ "SUFFREN battleship (1903) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  27. ^ "D`Estrées protected cruisers (1899 - 1900) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  28. ^ "DUPLEIX armoured cruisers (1903 - 1904) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  29. ^ "LINOIS protected cruisers (1895 - 1898) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  30. ^ "FOUDRE torpedo depot ship (1897) - French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org. Retrieved 2017-04-23.
  31. ^ "Bateria nadbrzezna 100mm wz. 1891 "Canet" - Kampania Wrzesniowa 1939.pl". www.1939.pl. Retrieved 2017-04-23.

External Links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Canon_de_100_mm_Modèle_1891&oldid=776856430"