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{{Short description|Spanish schoolmaster}}
'''Cayetano Ripoll''' (allegedly from [[Solsona, Lleida|Solsona]] 1778 – [[Valencia (city in Spain)|Valencia]] 26 July 1826) was a schoolmaster in Valencia, [[Spain]], who was executed for allegedly teaching [[deist]] principles.<ref name="DailyInquisition">
{{fnh|Ripoll|Pla|lang=Catalan}}
[[File:Placa homenatge Gaietà Ripoll a València (2022).jpg|thumb|Plaque in Valencia in memory of Gaietà Ripoll]]
'''Gaietà Ripoll I Pla''' ({{lang-es|'''Cayetano Ripoll'''}}) (1778 in allegedly from [[Solsona, Lleida|Solsona]] – 26 July 1826 in [[Valencia]]) was a [[Catalonia|Catalan]] schoolmaster. Executed for teaching [[deist]] principles, he is the last known victim of the [[Spanish Inquisition]], although technically, the Inquisition no longer existed at that time, and it was the [[:es:Junta de Fe|Junta de Fe]] of Valencia, until having him hanged by the [[civil authority]].<ref name="DailyInquisition">
{{Cite book
{{Cite book
| last = Anderson
| last = Anderson
| first = James Maxwell
| first = James Maxwell
| year = 2002
| year = 2002
| title = Daily life during the Spanish Inquisition
| title = Cayetano Ripoll
| edition = illustrated
| edition = illustrated
| page = 83
| page = 83
| isbn = 0-313-31667-8
| isbn = 0-313-31667-8
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group
| url = http://books.google.com/?id=XxUvfIko1TUC
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=XxUvfIko1TUC
| accessdate = 2009-03-03
| accessdate = 2009-03-03
⚫
}}</ref><ref name = "HangingOfRipoll">
| postscript = .
⚫
}}</ref><ref name = "HangingOfRipoll">
{{cite web
{{cite web
| year = 2010
| year = 2010
| url = http://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fquienabuenarbol.blogspot.com%2F2009_07_01_archive.html&sl=es&tl=en
| url = https://translate.google.com/translate?js=y&prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&layout=1&eotf=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fquienabuenarbol.blogspot.com%2F2009_07_01_archive.html&sl=es&tl=en
| title= Reflections
| title= Reflections
| accessdate = 2010-04-28}} English translation of an account of Ripoll's trial and execution.
| accessdate = 2010-04-28}} English translation of an account of Ripoll's trial and execution.
⚫
</ref>
</ref> Ripoll was a soldier in the Spanish army during the [[Peninsular War]] (1807–1814). He was captured by French forces and was a prisoner of war. While being held by the French he was taken to France and there he became aware of deism. He soon became a deist.<ref name = "MartyrForDeism">

{{cite web
==Life==
Ripoll was a soldier in the Spanish army during the [[Peninsular War]] (1807–1814). French forces captured him, and he was a prisoner of war. While being held, he associated with a group of [[Quakers]] and became aware of [[deism]]. He soon became a deist.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fernández Campos |first=Gabino |date=15 July 2011 |title=Cayetano Ripoll (Solsona, LLeida, +1826, Ruzafa, Valencia) |url=https://www.actualidadevangelica.es/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2989 |access-date=9 November 2022 |website=actualidadevangelica.es |language=es}}</ref><ref name = "MartyrForDeism">{{cite web
| last = Johnson
| last = Johnson
| first = Bob
| first = Bob
Line 25: Line 29:
| title = Martyr For Deism: Cayetano Ripoll
| title = Martyr For Deism: Cayetano Ripoll
| accessdate = 2012-11-23
| accessdate = 2012-11-23
| archive-date = 2012-12-08
| postscript = .
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121208154136/http://deism.com/martyrfordeism.htm
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
}}</ref>


Upon returning to Spain, he used his position as a school master to teach others about deism. There he was soon accused by the [[Spanish Inquisition]] of being a deist and of teaching his students about deism. He was later arrested for heresy and held in jail for close to two years.
Upon returning to Spain, he used his position as a schoolmaster to teach others about deism. There, the [[Spanish Inquisition]] soon accused him of being a deist and teaching his students about deism. He was later arrested for heresy and held in jail for nearly to two years.
==The Accusation==
⚫
The Chairman of the Board of Faith from the Diocese of Valencia, Miguel Toranzo, an inquisitor, sent to to the [[nuncio]] [[Archbishop]] of [[Valencia]] a report that said Ripoll did not believe in [[Jesus Christ]], in the mystery of the [[Trinity]], the [[Incarnation (Christianity)|Incarnation]] in [[God the Son]], in the Holy [[Eucharist]], or the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virginity Mary]], or the [[Gospel|Holy Gospels]] nor in the [[Infallibility of the Church|infallibility of the Holy Catholic Church]] nor the [[Apostolic succession|Apostolic Roman Congregation]]. Ripoll did not fulfil his [[Easter#Western_Christianity_2|Easter duty]], he discouraged children from reciting the '[[Hail Mary|Ave Maria Purisima]]' and suggested they need not bother to make the [[sign of the cross]]. It was alleged that, according to Ripoll, it was not necessary to hear [[Mass (Catholic Church)|Mass]] in order to save one's [[Soul#Christianity|soul]] from [[Damnation#Christianity|damnation]] and he failed to instruct them to give due reverence to the [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church]], even the ''[[Viaticum]]'' administered for the comfort the the sick and to pardon the dying that they might be [[Resurrection|resurrected]] into [[Heaven#Christianity|heaven]]


==The Sentence==
==Accusation==
⚫
The Chairman of the Board of Faith from the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valencia in Spain|Diocese of Valencia]], Miguel Toranzo, an inquisitor, sent to the [[nuncio]] [[Archbishop]] of [[Valencia]] a report that said Ripoll did not believe in [[Jesus Christ]], in the mystery of the [[Trinity]], in the [[Incarnation (Christianity)|Incarnation]] of [[God the Son]], in the Holy [[Eucharist]], in the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin Mary]], in the [[Gospel|Holy Gospels]], in the [[Infallibility of the Church|infallibility of the Holy Catholic Church]], or the [[Apostolic succession|Apostolic Roman Congregation]]. Ripoll did not fulfill his [[Easter#Western Christianity 2|Easter duty]]. He discouraged children from reciting the '[[Hail Mary|Ave Maria Purisima]]' and suggested they need not bother making the [[sign of the cross]]. According to Ripoll, it was not necessary to hear [[Mass (Catholic Church)|Mass]] in order to save one's [[Soul#Christianity|soul]] from [[Damnation#Christianity|damnation]], and he failed to instruct them to give due reverence to the [[Sacraments of the Catholic Church]], even the ''[[Viaticum]]'' administered for the comfort of the sick and to pardon the dying that they might [[Resurrection|resurrect]] into [[Heaven#Christianity|heaven]].
For these grievous sins and his denial of the [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]] the clergymen of the [[Spanish Inquisition]] (supposedly servants of a [[God in Christianity|Merciful God]] and thereby eager to save his soul despite his wishes) demanded Ripoll be [[Death_by_burning#Spanish_Inquisition_against_Moriscos_and_Marranos|burned at the stake]] for his [[religious offense]]s in order that he might recant in his agony and thus go to heaven. However, the [[civil authority]] chose to [[hanging|hang]] him instead.


==Sentence==
⚫
Allegedly, the Church authorities, upset that Ripoll had not been burned at the stake, placed his body into a barrel, painted flames on the barrel and buried it in [[unconsecrated ground]]. Other reports state that the Church authorities placed his body into a barrel and burned the barrel, throwing the ashes into a river.<ref name = "MartyrForDeism" /> Ripoll is recorded as being the last known person to have been executed under sentence from a Church authority for having committed the act of heresy.
For his denial of the [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]] the [[Spanish Inquisition]] clergymen requested Ripoll be [[Death by burning#Spanish Inquisition against Moriscos and Marranos|burnt at the stake]] for his [[religious offense]]s. However, the [[civil authority]] chose to [[hanging|hang]] him instead.


⚫
Allegedly, the Church authorities, upset that Ripoll had not been burned at the stake, placed his body into a barrel, painted flames on it and buried it in [[unconsecrated ground]]. Other reports state that the Church authorities placed his body into a barrel and burned the barrel, throwing the ashes into a river. Ripoll is recorded as the last known person to be executed under sentence from a Church authority for having committed the act of heresy.<ref name="MartyrForDeism" />
⚫
Ripoll's famous last words were, "I die reconciled to God and to man."<ref name="ChurchHistory">

{{Cite journal
⚫
Ripoll's famous last words were, "I die reconciled to God and man."<ref name="ChurchHistory">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Schaff
| last1 = Schaff
| first1 = Philip
| first1 = Philip
| last2 = Schaff
| last2 = Schaff
| first2 = David Schley
| first2 = David Schley
Line 47: Line 53:
| page = 552
| page = 552
| publisher = C. Scribner's sons
| publisher = C. Scribner's sons
| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=C_o7AAAAIAAJ
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C_o7AAAAIAAJ
| accessdate = 2009-03-03
| accessdate = 2009-03-03
}}</ref>
| postscript = .
}}</ref><ref name = "KillingForChrist">
{{cite web
| year = 2010
| last = MacNevin
| first = Suzanne
| url = http://www.lilithgallery.com/library/christian/The_Spanish_Inquisition.html
| title= The Spanish Inquisition: Killing Non-Christians for the Mother Church
| accessdate = 2010-04-28}} Discussion of the Spanish Inquisition.
⚫
</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references />


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Ripoll, Cayetano
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Spanish victim of the Inquisition
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1778
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = July 26th, 1826
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ripoll, Cayetano}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ripoll, Cayetano}}
<!--Categories-->
<!--Categories-->
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[[Category:People from Solsonès]]
[[Category:People from Solsonès]]
[[Category:People executed by Spain by hanging]]
[[Category:People executed by Spain by hanging]]
[[Category:Valencian people]]
[[Category:People from Valencia]]
[[Category:Spanish people executed by hanging]]
[[Category:Executed Spanish people]]
[[Category:People executed by the Spanish Inquisition]]
[[Category:People executed by the Spanish Inquisition]]
[[Category:People executed for heresy]]
[[Category:People executed for heresy]]
[[Category:19th-century executions by Spain]]
[[Category:19th-century executions by Spain]]
[[Category:Spanish deists]]


{{Valencia-stub}}

Revision as of 00:31, 21 December 2023

In this Catalan name, the first or paternal surname is Ripoll and the second or maternal family name is Pla; both are generally joined by the conjunction "i".
Plaque in Valencia in memory of Gaietà Ripoll

Gaietà Ripoll I Pla (Spanish: Cayetano Ripoll) (1778 in allegedly from Solsona – 26 July 1826 in Valencia) was a Catalan schoolmaster. Executed for teaching deist principles, he is the last known victim of the Spanish Inquisition, although technically, the Inquisition no longer existed at that time, and it was the Junta de Fe of Valencia, until having him hanged by the civil authority.[1][2]

Life

Ripoll was a soldier in the Spanish army during the Peninsular War (1807–1814). French forces captured him, and he was a prisoner of war. While being held, he associated with a group of Quakers and became aware of deism. He soon became a deist.[3][4]

Upon returning to Spain, he used his position as a schoolmaster to teach others about deism. There, the Spanish Inquisition soon accused him of being a deist and teaching his students about deism. He was later arrested for heresy and held in jail for nearly to two years.

Accusation

The Chairman of the Board of Faith from the Diocese of Valencia, Miguel Toranzo, an inquisitor, sent to the nuncio Archbishop of Valencia a report that said Ripoll did not believe in Jesus Christ, in the mystery of the Trinity, in the Incarnation of God the Son, in the Holy Eucharist, in the Virgin Mary, in the Holy Gospels, in the infallibility of the Holy Catholic Church, or the Apostolic Roman Congregation. Ripoll did not fulfill his Easter duty. He discouraged children from reciting the 'Ave Maria Purisima' and suggested they need not bother making the sign of the cross. According to Ripoll, it was not necessary to hear Mass in order to save one's soul from damnation, and he failed to instruct them to give due reverence to the Sacraments of the Catholic Church, even the Viaticum administered for the comfort of the sick and to pardon the dying that they might resurrect into heaven.

Sentence

For his denial of the Catechism of the Catholic Church the Spanish Inquisition clergymen requested Ripoll be burnt at the stake for his religious offenses. However, the civil authority chose to hang him instead.

Allegedly, the Church authorities, upset that Ripoll had not been burned at the stake, placed his body into a barrel, painted flames on it and buried it in unconsecrated ground. Other reports state that the Church authorities placed his body into a barrel and burned the barrel, throwing the ashes into a river. Ripoll is recorded as the last known person to be executed under sentence from a Church authority for having committed the act of heresy.[4]

Ripoll's famous last words were, "I die reconciled to God and man."[5]

References

  1. ^ Anderson, James Maxwell (2002). Cayetano Ripoll (illustrated ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 83. ISBN 0-313-31667-8. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
  2. ^ "Reflections". 2010. Retrieved 2010-04-28. English translation of an account of Ripoll's trial and execution.
  3. ^ Fernández Campos, Gabino (15 July 2011). "Cayetano Ripoll (Solsona, LLeida, +1826, Ruzafa, Valencia)". actualidadevangelica.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b Johnson, Bob. "Martyr For Deism: Cayetano Ripoll". Archived from the original on 2012-12-08. Retrieved 2012-11-23.
  5. ^ Schaff, Philip; Schaff, David Schley (1910). "History of the Christian Church". C. Scribner's sons: 552. Retrieved 2009-03-03. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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