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{{Short description|Group of viruses}}
{{Short description|Group of viruses}}


'''Echovirus''' is a [[Polyphyly|polyphyletic]] group of [[virus]]es associated with [[enteric]] disease in humans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/echovirus |title=ICTV ECHOVIRUSES (PICORNAVIRIDAE) |website= Science Direct |author=Helena Kopecka |date=1999 |access-date=10 April 2021}}</ref> The name is derived from "'''e'''nteric '''c'''ytopathic '''h'''uman '''o'''rphan '''virus'''". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents. The term "echovirus" was used in the scientific names of numerous species, but all echoviruses are now recognized as strains of various species, most of which are in the family ''[[Picornaviridae]]''.<ref name ="Mahy">{{cite book|last=Mahy|first=B. W. J.|date=26 February 2009|title=The Dictionary of Virology|publisher=Academic Press, 2009|page=218–220|isbn=9780080920368}}</ref>
'''Echovirus''' is a [[Polyphyly|polyphyletic]] group of [[virus]]es associated with [[enteric]] disease in humans. The name is derived from "'''e'''nteric '''c'''ytopathic '''h'''uman '''o'''rphan '''virus'''". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents. The term "echovirus" was used in the scientific names of numerous species, but all echoviruses are now recognized as strains of various species, most of which are in the family ''[[Picornaviridae]]''.<ref name="Mahy">{{cite book |last=Mahy |first=B. W. J. |title=The Dictionary of Virology |date=26 February 2009 |publisher=[[Academic Press]], 2009 |isbn=9780080920368 |pages=218–220}}</ref>


==List of echoviruses==
==List of echoviruses==
Thirty-four echoviruses are known:<ref name ="Mahy"></ref>
Thirty-four echoviruses are known:<ref name ="Mahy"></ref>


* Human echoviruses 1–7, 9, 11–21, 24–27, and 29–33 are strains of the species ''[[Enterovirus B]]'' of the genus ''[[Enterovirus]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=201901984|title=ICTV Taxonomy history: Enterovirus B|website=talk.ictvonline.org|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>
* Human echoviruses 1–7, 9, 11–21, 24–27, and 29–33 are strains of the species ''[[Enterovirus B]]'' of the genus ''[[Enterovirus]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=ICTV Taxonomy history: Enterovirus B |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=201901984 |access-date=27 June 2020 |website=talk.ictvonline.org |publisher=[[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]]}}</ref>
* Human echovirus 8 was shown to be identical to Human echovirus 1 and was abolished as a species.
* Human echovirus 8 was shown to be identical to Human echovirus 1 and was abolished as a species.
* Human echovirus 10 was reclassified as a strain of the species ''Reovirus type 1'', currently named ''[[Mammalian orthoreovirus]]'' of the genus ''[[Orthoreovirus]]'', which belongs to the family ''[[Reoviridae]]''. As such, Human echovirus 10 is the only echovirus that does not belong to the family ''[[Picornaviridae]]''.
* Human echovirus 10 was reclassified as a strain of the species ''Reovirus type 1'', currently named ''[[Mammalian orthoreovirus]]'' of the genus ''[[Orthoreovirus]]'', which belongs to the family ''[[Reoviridae]]''. As such, Human echovirus 10 is the only echovirus that does not belong to the family ''[[Picornaviridae]]''.
* Human echoviruses 22 and 23 are strains of the species ''[[Parechovirus A]]'' of the genus ''[[Parechovirus]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/p/taxonomy-history?taxnode_id=201902038|title=ICTV Taxonomy history: Parechovirus A|website=talk.ictvonline.org|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>
* Human echoviruses 22 and 23 are strains of the species ''[[Parechovirus A]]'' of the genus ''[[Parechovirus]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy/taxondetails?taxnode_id=201902038|title=ICTV Taxonomy history: Parechovirus A|website=talk.ictvonline.org|publisher=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|access-date=27 June 2020}}</ref>
* Human echovirus 28 was reclassified as the species ''Human rhinovirus 1A'', which was later merged with other rhinovirus strains into the currently named species ''[[Rhinovirus A]]'' of the genus ''[[Enterovirus]]''.
* Human echovirus 28 was reclassified as the species ''Human rhinovirus 1A'', which was later merged with other rhinovirus strains into the currently named species ''[[Rhinovirus A]]'' of the genus ''[[Enterovirus]]''.
* Human echovirus 34 was abolished as a species and reclassified as a strain of ''[[Human coxsackievirus A24]]'', which is now classified as a strain of the species ''[[Enterovirus C]]'' of the genus ''Enterovirus''.
* Human echovirus 34 was abolished as a species and reclassified as a strain of ''[[Human coxsackievirus A24]]'', which is now classified as a strain of the species ''[[Enterovirus C]]'' of the genus ''Enterovirus''.


==Symptoms==
==Symptoms==
When one is infected with echovirus, symptoms are rare but can occur. When symptoms occur, they often include a [[cough]], [[rash]], and [[Influenza-like illness|influenza-like symptoms]]. Rare symptoms include [[viral meningitis]], which affects the brain and spinal cord.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.healthline.com/health/echo-virus |title=Echovirus Infections |website=healthline |author=Tim Jewell |date=2 March 2020 |access-date=10 April 2021}}</ref>
When one is infected with echovirus, symptoms are rare but can occur. When symptoms occur, they often include a [[cough]], [[rash]], and [[Influenza-like illness|influenza-like symptoms]]. Rare symptoms include [[viral meningitis]], which affects the brain and spinal cord.{{medical citation needed|date=July 2023}}


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Echovirus infection mostly clears up on its own. Doctors may give an immune-system treatment called [[IVIG]], which can help those with weak immune systems. No medicines are known to help against the virus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001340.htm |title=ECHO virus |website= Medline Plus |author=Jatin M. Vyas |date=December 2018 |access-date=10 April 2021}}</ref>
Echovirus infection mostly clears up on its own. Doctors may give an immune-system treatment called [[IVIG]], which can help those with weak immune systems. No medicines are known to help against the virus.<ref>{{cite web |author=Jatin M. Vyas |date=December 2018 |title=ECHO virus |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001340.htm |access-date=10 April 2021 |website=[[Medline Plus]]}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 22:22, 22 September 2023

Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus". These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents. The term "echovirus" was used in the scientific names of numerous species, but all echoviruses are now recognized as strains of various species, most of which are in the family Picornaviridae.[1]

List of echoviruses[edit]

Thirty-four echoviruses are known:[1]

  • Human echoviruses 1–7, 9, 11–21, 24–27, and 29–33 are strains of the species Enterovirus B of the genus Enterovirus.[2]
  • Human echovirus 8 was shown to be identical to Human echovirus 1 and was abolished as a species.
  • Human echovirus 10 was reclassified as a strain of the species Reovirus type 1, currently named Mammalian orthoreovirus of the genus Orthoreovirus, which belongs to the family Reoviridae. As such, Human echovirus 10 is the only echovirus that does not belong to the family Picornaviridae.
  • Human echoviruses 22 and 23 are strains of the species Parechovirus A of the genus Parechovirus.[3]
  • Human echovirus 28 was reclassified as the species Human rhinovirus 1A, which was later merged with other rhinovirus strains into the currently named species Rhinovirus A of the genus Enterovirus.
  • Human echovirus 34 was abolished as a species and reclassified as a strain of Human coxsackievirus A24, which is now classified as a strain of the species Enterovirus C of the genus Enterovirus.

Symptoms[edit]

When one is infected with echovirus, symptoms are rare but can occur. When symptoms occur, they often include a cough, rash, and influenza-like symptoms. Rare symptoms include viral meningitis, which affects the brain and spinal cord.[medical citation needed]

Treatment[edit]

Echovirus infection mostly clears up on its own. Doctors may give an immune-system treatment called IVIG, which can help those with weak immune systems. No medicines are known to help against the virus.[4]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Mahy, B. W. J. (26 February 2009). The Dictionary of Virology. Academic Press, 2009. pp. 218–220. ISBN 9780080920368.
  2. ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Enterovirus B". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  3. ^ "ICTV Taxonomy history: Parechovirus A". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  4. ^ Jatin M. Vyas (December 2018). "ECHO virus". Medline Plus. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
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