Jal tarang and Stowaway to Mars: Difference between pages
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'''''Stowaway To Mars''''' is a [[science fiction]] novel by [[John Wyndham]] published by [[Coronet Books]] in 1972. It was first published in 1936 as ''Planet Plane'' (George Newnes Limited, [[London]]), then serialised in 1937 in ''[[Modern Wonder (factual boys magazine)|Modern Wonder]]'' magazine as ''The Space Machine''. The novel was written under one of Wyndham's early [[pen name]]s, John Beynon. ISBN 0-340-15835-2. |
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The '''Jal Tarang''' ([[Hindi]]: जल तरंग, [[Urdu]]: '''جل ترںگ'''), '''Jaltarang''', '''Jal-tarang''', '''Jal-yantra''', or '''Jalatarangam''') is an ancient musical instrument. It is rarely seen or heard, even though the gentle tinkle of its unique sound is quite pleasing. Literally Jaltarang means "waves in water" but indicates motion of sound created or modified with the aid of water. In the wave-instruments, it is the most prominent and ancient instrument. |
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The story |
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[[Image:JalTarang Omenad.jpg|thumb|left|'''Jal Tarang Bowls''']] |
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{{John Wyndham}} |
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The Jal Tarang developed on the pattern of [[Gong]] and [[Gamelan]] played in [[Java]], [[Bali]], and [[Burma]] (now [[Myanmar]]). Gong or Gamelan are made up of copper and other metal alloys and are molded in different shapes to create various musical notes. Holding bamboo sticks in both hands with cotton on the striking end of sticks, the gongs are gently struck to create the desired sound. Some scholars opine that in the ancient period these were in routine use around the eastern border of [[India]]. |
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Jal-tarang finds its first mention in '''Sangeet Parijaat'''. This medieval musical treatise categorizes this instrument under Ghan-Vadya (Idiophonic instruments in which sound is produced by striking a surface, also called concussion [[idiophone]]s.) '''SangeetSaar''' considered one with 22 cups to be complete Jal Tarang and one with 15 cups to be of mediocre status. Cups, of varying sizes were made of either bronze or porcelain. Today only china bowls are preferred by artistes, numbering around sixteen in normal use. Cups for Mandra Swar (notes of lower octave)are large while those for Taar Swar (notes of higher octaves) are smaller in size. Water is poured into the cups and the pitch is changed by adjusting the volume of water in the cup. The number of cups depends on the melody being played. The bowls mostly are arranged in a half-circle in front of the player who can reach them all easily. The player softly hits the cups with a wooden stick on the border to get the sound. Its not easy to tune the instrument and needs some skill. During playing fine nuances can be reached if the performer is accomplished. SangeetSaar mentions that if the player can rotate the water through a quick lithe touch of the stick, nuances and finer variations of the note can be achieved. |
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[[Category:Novels by John Wyndham]] |
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{{1970s-sf-novel-stub}} |
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Jal-tarang was also called jal-yantra in the medieval times. Poets of [[Krishna]] cult (also called Asht-chhap poets)have mentioned this instrument, but there is no mention in literature prior to this. Dr.[[Lalmani Misra]] mentions in his '''[[Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya]]''' that some contemporary Jal-tarang players of Carnatic music do attempt to produce [[Gamak]] often in the face of sounds going awry lacking required control. |
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Among the contemporary Jal-Tarang players upcoming Milind Tulankar has earned a place for himself. [http://omenad.net/articles/jal_tarang.htm Dr. Ragini Trivedi] is one of the first women Jaltarang players, who has trained several students in this rare instrument. |
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==References== |
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[[Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya]]. Bharatiya Janpith, New Delhi |
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==External links== |
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*[http://omenad.com Online Music Education web site] |
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*[http://jaltarang.com Jaltarang.com] |
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*[http://www.omenad.net/articles/sitarcraft.htm Music makers] |
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*[http://misrabani.com/ome/media/video/ragini_jal_prathama.avi Hansdhwani on Jal tarang] |
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*[http://omenad.net/articles/jalvid2.htm Shuddh Kalyan on Jal Tarang] |
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[[Category:Indian musical instruments|Jal tarang]] |
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[[Category:Hindustani musical instruments|Jal tarang]] |
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[[bg:Ялтаранг]] |
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[[de:Jaltarang]] |
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[[fr:Jal tarang]] |
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Revision as of 16:14, 10 October 2008
Stowaway To Mars is a science fiction novel by John Wyndham published by Coronet Books in 1972. It was first published in 1936 as Planet Plane (George Newnes Limited, London), then serialised in 1937 in Modern Wonder magazine as The Space Machine. The novel was written under one of Wyndham's early pen names, John Beynon. ISBN 0-340-15835-2.
The story
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