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{{Short description|Japanese philosopher (1644–1732)}}
{{Japanese name|[[Hayashi]]}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Hayashi]]|lang=Japanese}}


{{Infobox Writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]] -->
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = Hayashi Hōkō
| name = Hayashi Hōkō
| image = YushimaSeidoL8644.jpg
| image = YushimaSeidoL8644.jpg
| imagesize = |center|thumb|160px|
| imagesize =
| caption = Hayashi Hōkō was the 1st rector of [[Yushima Seidō]].
| caption = Hayashi Hōkō, 1st rector of [[Yushima Seidō]]
| pseudonym =
| pseudonym =
| birthdate = 1644
| birth_date = 1644
| birthplace = Edo
| birth_place = Edo
| deathdate = 1732
| death_date = 1732
| deathplace = Edo
| death_place = Edo
| occupation = Neo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer
| occupation = Neo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer
| nationality =
| nationality =
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| partner =
| partner =
| children = [[Hayashi Ryūkō]], son
| children = [[Hayashi Ryūkō]], son
| relatives = [[Hayashi Gahō]], father<br>[[Hayashi Razan]], grandfather
| relatives = [[Hayashi Gahō]], father<br/>[[Hayashi Razan]], grandfather
| influences =
| influenced =
| signature =
| signature =
| website =
| website =
}}
}}

'''Hayashi Hōkō''' (1644 &ndash; 1732), also known as Hayashi Nobutatsu, was a Japanese [[Neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa ''bakufu'']] during the [[Edo period]]. He was a member of the [[Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)|Hayashi clan]] of Confucian scholars.
{{nihongo|'''Hayashi Hōkō'''|林 鳳岡||January 11, 1644 &ndash; July 22, 1732}}, also known as '''Hayashi Nobutatsu''', was a Japanese [[Neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa ''bakufu'']] during the [[Edo period]]. He was a member of the [[Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)|Hayashi clan]] of Confucian scholars.


Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.<ref name="nussbaum300">Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 300.</ref>
Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.<ref name="nussbaum300">Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 300.</ref>


Following in the footsteps of his father, [[Hayashi Gahō]], and his grandfather, [[Hayashi Razan]], Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shogun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.<ref name="nussbaum300"/>
Following in the footsteps of his father, [[Hayashi Gahō]], and his grandfather, [[Hayashi Razan]], Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shōgun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.<ref name="nussbaum300"/>


==Academician==
==Academician==
Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan ''Daigaku-no-kami'' of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official [[rector]] of the [[Shōhei-kō]] (afterwards known as the [[Yushima Seidō]]) which was built on land provided by the shogun.<ref name="nussbaum300"/> This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. Gahō's hereditary title was ''[[Daigaku-no-kami]],'' which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university.''<ref>De Bary, William ''et al.'' (2005). [http://books.google.com/books?id=6wS_ijD6DSgC&pg=PA443&dq= ''Sources of Japanese Tradition,'' Vol. 2, p. 443.]</ref>
Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan ''Daigaku-no-kami'' of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official [[Rector (academia)|rector]] of the [[Shōhei-kō]] (afterwards known as the [[Yushima Seidō]]) which was built on land provided by the shōgun.<ref name="nussbaum300"/> This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. Gahō's hereditary title was ''[[Daigaku-no-kami]],'' which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university".<ref>De Bary, William ''et al.'' (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6wS_ijD6DSgC&pg=PA443 ''Sources of Japanese Tradition,'' Vol. 2, p. 443.]</ref>

The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on [[Soong Dynasty|Soong]] Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.<ref name="arakai373n12">Arakai, James ''et al.'' (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2ceIdkc9CqgC&dq=hayashi+hoko&pg=PA378 ''Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600-1900,'' p. 378 n12.]</ref>

The neo-Confucianist scholar [[Arai Hakuseki]] generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.<ref name="arakai373n12"/>

==Selected works ==
{{dynamic list}}
* ''Kai hentai'' (''Chinese Metamorphosis''), reports of Chinese junks arriving in Nagasaki, 1640–1740.<ref>Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=jtsMLNmMzbkC&pg=PA161 ''The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia,'' Vol. 1, p. 161.]</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 42: Line 50:


==References==
==References==
[[Image:YushimaSeidoFlags8628.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Flags mark the entrance to the reconstructed ''[[Yushima Seidō]]'' (Tokyo).]]
[[File:YushimaSeidoFlags8628.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Flags mark the entrance to the reconstructed ''[[Yushima Seidō]]'' (Tokyo).]]
* [[William Theodore De Bary|De Bary]], William Theodore, [[Carol Gluck]], Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). ''Sources of Japanese Tradition,'' Vol. 2. New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. 10-ISBN 023112984X/13-ISBN 9780231129848; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255020415 OCLC 255020415]
* Arakai, James T. and Haruo Shirane. (2008). ''Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600–1900'' (abridged). New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-231-10990-1}}/{{ISBN|978-0-231-10991-8}}/{{ISBN|978-0-231-14414-8}}/{{ISBN|978-0-231-144155}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255022419 OCLC 255022419]
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. 10-ISBN 0-674-01753-6; 13-ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* [[William Theodore De Bary|De Bary]], William Theodore, [[Carol Gluck]], Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). ''Sources of Japanese Tradition,'' Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|9780231129848}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255020415 OCLC 255020415]
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301]
* Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). ''The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia.'' Vol. 1. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-521-77864-0}}; {{ISBN|978-0-521-66369-4}}; {{ISBN|978-0-521-66370-0}}; {{ISBN|978-0-521-66371-7}}; {{ISBN|9780521663724}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43674066 OCLC 43674066]


==External links==
==External links==
* [http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1187#bridge -- Tokyo's ''Shōhei-kō'' (Yushima Sedō) today]
* [http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1187#bridge Tokyo's ''Shōhei-kō'' (Yushima Sedō) today]


{{start box}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box | title= 1st rector of [[Yushima Seidō]] | before= [[Hayashi Gahō]] | after= [[Hayashi Ryūkō ]] | years= 1691-1732 }}
{{succession box | title= 1st rector of [[Yushima Seidō]] | before= [[Hayashi Gahō]] | after= [[Hayashi Ryūkō]] | years= 1691–1732 }}
{{end box}}
{{s-end}}


{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayashi, Hōkō}}
[[Category:Japanese writers of the Edo period]]
[[Category:Advisors to Tokugawa shoguns]]
[[Category:Advisors to Tokugawa shoguns]]
[[Category:Japanese philosophers]]
[[Category:17th-century Japanese philosophers]]
[[Category:Confucianism]]
[[Category:Japanese Confucianists]]
[[Category:Japanese Confucianists]]
[[Category:1644 births]]
[[Category:1644 births]]
[[Category:1732 deaths]]
[[Category:1732 deaths]]
[[Category:Neo-Confucian scholars]]

[[Category:18th-century Confucianists]]
{{Japan-bio-stub}}
[[Category:18th-century Japanese philosophers]]
[[Category:17th-century Confucianists]]

Latest revision as of 03:56, 26 April 2024

In this Japanese name, the surname is Hayashi.
Hayashi Hōkō
Hayashi Hōkō, 1st rector of Yushima Seidō
Hayashi Hōkō, 1st rector of Yushima Seidō
Born1644
Edo
Died1732
Edo
OccupationNeo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer
SubjectJapanese history, literature
ChildrenHayashi Ryūkō, son
RelativesHayashi Gahō, father
Hayashi Razan, grandfather

Hayashi Hōkō (林 鳳岡, January 11, 1644 – July 22, 1732), also known as Hayashi Nobutatsu, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu during the Edo period. He was a member of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars.

Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.[1]

Following in the footsteps of his father, Hayashi Gahō, and his grandfather, Hayashi Razan, Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shōgun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.[1]

Academician[edit]

Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan Daigaku-no-kami of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official rector of the Shōhei-kō (afterwards known as the Yushima Seidō) which was built on land provided by the shōgun.[1] This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the Tokugawa shogunate. Gahō's hereditary title was Daigaku-no-kami, which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university".[2]

The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on Soong Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.[3]

The neo-Confucianist scholar Arai Hakuseki generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.[3]

Selected works[edit]

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
  • Kai hentai (Chinese Metamorphosis), reports of Chinese junks arriving in Nagasaki, 1640–1740.[4]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia, p. 300.
  2. ^ De Bary, William et al. (2005). Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2, p. 443.
  3. ^ a b Arakai, James et al. (2008). Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600-1900, p. 378 n12.
  4. ^ Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. 1, p. 161.

References[edit]

Flags mark the entrance to the reconstructed Yushima Seidō (Tokyo).
  • Arakai, James T. and Haruo Shirane. (2008). Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600–1900 (abridged). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10990-1/ISBN 978-0-231-10991-8/ISBN 978-0-231-14414-8/ISBN 978-0-231-144155; OCLC 255022419
  • De Bary, William Theodore, Carol Gluck, Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231129848; OCLC 255020415
  • Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
  • Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77864-0; ISBN 978-0-521-66369-4; ISBN 978-0-521-66370-0; ISBN 978-0-521-66371-7; ISBN 9780521663724; OCLC 43674066

External links[edit]

Preceded by 1st rector of Yushima Seidō
1691–1732 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hayashi_Hōkō&oldid=1220824355"