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{{Short description|Japanese philosopher (1644–1732)}} |
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{{family name hatnote|[[Hayashi]]|lang=Japanese}} |
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{{Infobox |
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> |
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| name = Hayashi Hōkō |
| name = Hayashi Hōkō |
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| image = YushimaSeidoL8644.jpg |
| image = YushimaSeidoL8644.jpg |
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| caption = Hayashi Hōkō, |
| caption = Hayashi Hōkō, 1st rector of [[Yushima Seidō]] |
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| birth_date = 1644 |
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| birth_place = Edo |
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| death_date = 1732 |
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| death_place = Edo |
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| occupation = Neo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer |
| occupation = Neo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer |
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| nationality = |
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| partner = |
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| children = [[Hayashi Ryūkō]], son |
| children = [[Hayashi Ryūkō]], son |
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| relatives = [[Hayashi Gahō]], father<br>[[Hayashi Razan]], grandfather |
| relatives = [[Hayashi Gahō]], father<br/>[[Hayashi Razan]], grandfather |
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| influences = |
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{{nihongo|'''Hayashi Hōkō'''|林 鳳岡||January 11, 1644 – July 22, 1732}}, also known as '''Hayashi Nobutatsu''', was a Japanese [[Neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa ''bakufu'']] during the [[Edo period]]. He was a member of the [[Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)|Hayashi clan]] of Confucian scholars. |
{{nihongo|'''Hayashi Hōkō'''|林 鳳岡||January 11, 1644 – July 22, 1732}}, also known as '''Hayashi Nobutatsu''', was a Japanese [[Neo-Confucianism|Neo-Confucian]] scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the [[Tokugawa shogunate|Tokugawa ''bakufu'']] during the [[Edo period]]. He was a member of the [[Hayashi clan (Confucian scholars)|Hayashi clan]] of Confucian scholars. |
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Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.<ref name="nussbaum300">Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 300.</ref> |
Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.<ref name="nussbaum300">Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric ''et al.'' (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia,'' p. 300.</ref> |
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Following in the footsteps of his father, [[Hayashi Gahō]], and his grandfather, [[Hayashi Razan]], Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the |
Following in the footsteps of his father, [[Hayashi Gahō]], and his grandfather, [[Hayashi Razan]], Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shōgun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.<ref name="nussbaum300"/> |
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==Academician== |
==Academician== |
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Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan ''Daigaku-no-kami'' of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official [[rector]] of the [[Shōhei-kō]] (afterwards known as the [[Yushima Seidō]]) which was built on land provided by the |
Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan ''Daigaku-no-kami'' of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official [[Rector (academia)|rector]] of the [[Shōhei-kō]] (afterwards known as the [[Yushima Seidō]]) which was built on land provided by the shōgun.<ref name="nussbaum300"/> This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the [[Tokugawa shogunate]]. Gahō's hereditary title was ''[[Daigaku-no-kami]],'' which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university".<ref>De Bary, William ''et al.'' (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6wS_ijD6DSgC&pg=PA443 ''Sources of Japanese Tradition,'' Vol. 2, p. 443.]</ref> |
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The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on [[Soong Dynasty|Soong]] Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.<ref name="arakai373n12">Arakai, James ''et al.'' (2008). [ |
The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on [[Soong Dynasty|Soong]] Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.<ref name="arakai373n12">Arakai, James ''et al.'' (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2ceIdkc9CqgC&dq=hayashi+hoko&pg=PA378 ''Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600-1900,'' p. 378 n12.]</ref> |
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The neo-Confucianist scholar [[Arai Hakuseki]] generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.<ref name="arakai373n12"/> |
The neo-Confucianist scholar [[Arai Hakuseki]] generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.<ref name="arakai373n12"/> |
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==Selected works == |
==Selected works == |
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{{dynamic list}} |
{{dynamic list}} |
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* ''Kai hentai'' (''Chinese Metamorphosis''), reports of Chinese junks arriving in Nagasaki, |
* ''Kai hentai'' (''Chinese Metamorphosis''), reports of Chinese junks arriving in Nagasaki, 1640–1740.<ref>Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=jtsMLNmMzbkC&pg=PA161 ''The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia,'' Vol. 1, p. 161.]</ref> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[ |
[[File:YushimaSeidoFlags8628.jpg|left|80px|thumb|Flags mark the entrance to the reconstructed ''[[Yushima Seidō]]'' (Tokyo).]] |
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* Arakai, James T. and Haruo Shirane. (2008). ''Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, |
* Arakai, James T. and Haruo Shirane. (2008). ''Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600–1900'' (abridged). New York: [[Columbia University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-231-10990-1}}/{{ISBN|978-0-231-10991-8}}/{{ISBN|978-0-231-14414-8}}/{{ISBN|978-0-231-144155}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255022419 OCLC 255022419] |
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* [[William Theodore De Bary|De Bary]], William Theodore, [[Carol Gluck]], Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). ''Sources of Japanese Tradition,'' Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. |
* [[William Theodore De Bary|De Bary]], William Theodore, [[Carol Gluck]], Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). ''Sources of Japanese Tradition,'' Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. {{ISBN|9780231129848}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255020415 OCLC 255020415] |
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* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. |
* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge: [[Harvard University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-674-01753-5}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48943301/editions?editionsView=true&referer=br OCLC 48943301] |
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* Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). ''The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia.'' Vol. 1. |
* Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). ''The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia.'' Vol. 1. Cambridge: [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|978-0-521-77864-0}}; {{ISBN|978-0-521-66369-4}}; {{ISBN|978-0-521-66370-0}}; {{ISBN|978-0-521-66371-7}}; {{ISBN|9780521663724}}; [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43674066 OCLC 43674066] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1187#bridge |
* [http://www.japanvisitor.com/index.php?cID=357&pID=1187#bridge Tokyo's ''Shōhei-kō'' (Yushima Sedō) today] |
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{{start |
{{s-start}} |
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{{succession box | title= 1st rector of [[Yushima Seidō]] | before= [[Hayashi Gahō]] | after= [[Hayashi Ryūkō |
{{succession box | title= 1st rector of [[Yushima Seidō]] | before= [[Hayashi Gahō]] | after= [[Hayashi Ryūkō]] | years= 1691–1732 }} |
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{{end |
{{s-end}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayashi, Hōkō}} |
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[[Category:Japanese writers of the Edo period]] |
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[[Category:Advisors to Tokugawa shoguns]] |
[[Category:Advisors to Tokugawa shoguns]] |
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[[Category:Japanese philosophers]] |
[[Category:17th-century Japanese philosophers]] |
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[[Category:Japanese Confucianists]] |
[[Category:Japanese Confucianists]] |
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[[Category:1644 births]] |
[[Category:1644 births]] |
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[[Category:1732 deaths]] |
[[Category:1732 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Neo- |
[[Category:Neo-Confucian scholars]] |
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[[Category:18th-century Confucianists]] |
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[[Category:18th-century Japanese philosophers]] |
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{{Japan-academic-bio-stub}} |
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[[Category:17th-century Confucianists]] |
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{{Philosopher-stub}} |
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[[ja:林鳳岡]] |
Latest revision as of 03:56, 26 April 2024
Hayashi Hōkō | |
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Born | 1644 Edo |
Died | 1732 Edo |
Occupation | Neo-Confucian scholar, academic, administrator, writer |
Subject | Japanese history, literature |
Children | Hayashi Ryūkō, son |
Relatives | Hayashi Gahō, father Hayashi Razan, grandfather |
Hayashi Hōkō (林 鳳岡, January 11, 1644 – July 22, 1732), also known as Hayashi Nobutatsu, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar, teacher and administrator in the system of higher education maintained by the Tokugawa bakufu during the Edo period. He was a member of the Hayashi clan of Confucian scholars.
Hōkō was the tutor of Tokugawa Tsuneyoshi.[1]
Following in the footsteps of his father, Hayashi Gahō, and his grandfather, Hayashi Razan, Hōkō would be the arbiter of official neo-Confucian doctrine of the Tokugawa shogunate. As a result of his urging, the shōgun invested Confucian scholars as samurai.[1]
Academician[edit]
Hōkō was the third Hayashi clan Daigaku-no-kami of the Edo period. After 1691, Hōkō is known as the first official rector of the Shōhei-kō (afterwards known as the Yushima Seidō) which was built on land provided by the shōgun.[1] This institution stood at the apex of the country-wide educational and training system which was created and maintained by the Tokugawa shogunate. Gahō's hereditary title was Daigaku-no-kami, which, in the context of the Tokugawa shogunate hierarchy, effectively translates as "head of the state university".[2]
The scholars of the Hayashi school were taught to apply what they had learned from a Confucian curriculum. Typically, they applied the Confucian texts conservatively, relying on Soong Confucian anlayis and metaphysical teachings.[3]
The neo-Confucianist scholar Arai Hakuseki generally expressed scant regard for opinions expressed by Hayashi Hōkō.[3]
Selected works[edit]
- Kai hentai (Chinese Metamorphosis), reports of Chinese junks arriving in Nagasaki, 1640–1740.[4]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia, p. 300.
- ^ De Bary, William et al. (2005). Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2, p. 443.
- ^ a b Arakai, James et al. (2008). Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600-1900, p. 378 n12.
- ^ Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, Vol. 1, p. 161.
References[edit]
- Arakai, James T. and Haruo Shirane. (2008). Early Modern Japanese Literature: an Anthology, 1600–1900 (abridged). New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10990-1/ISBN 978-0-231-10991-8/ISBN 978-0-231-14414-8/ISBN 978-0-231-144155; OCLC 255022419
- De Bary, William Theodore, Carol Gluck, Arthur E. Tiedemann. (2005). Sources of Japanese Tradition, Vol. 2. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231129848; OCLC 255020415
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
- Tarling, Nicholas. (1998). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77864-0; ISBN 978-0-521-66369-4; ISBN 978-0-521-66370-0; ISBN 978-0-521-66371-7; ISBN 9780521663724; OCLC 43674066