User:Aervanath/Sandbox2 and Cardinalidae: Difference between pages

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{{Taxobox
{{Special:Watchlist}}
| name = Cardinalidae
| image = cardinal.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = Male [[Northern Cardinal]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[passerine|Passeriformes]]
| subordo = [[Passeri]]
| familia = '''Cardinalidae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Periporphyrus]]''<br>
''[[Saltator]]''<br>
''[[Caryothraustes]]''<br>
''[[Parkerthraustes]]''<br>
''[[Rhodothraupis]]''<br>
''[[Cardinalis]]''<br>
''[[Pheucticus]]''<br>
''[[Cyanocompsa]]''<br>
''[[Passerina]]''<br>
''[[Spiza]]''
}}

The '''Cardinals''' or '''Cardinalidae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[passerine]] [[bird]]s found in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. The South American cardinals in the [[genus]] ''[[Paroaria]]'' are placed in another family, the [[Thraupidae]] (previously placed in [[Emberizidae]]).

These are robust, [[seed]]-eating birds, with strong bills. The family ranges in size from the 12-cm, 11.5-gram [[Orange-breasted Bunting]] to the 25-cm, 85-gram [[Black-headed Saltator]]. They are typically associated with open [[woodland]]. The sexes usually have distinctive appearances; the family is named for the red [[feather|plumage]] (colored [[Cardinal (color)|cardinal]] like the color of a [[cardinal (Catholicism)|Catholic cardinal]]'s vestments) of males of the [[type species]], the [[Northern Cardinal]].
<!---The state bird of several US states is the Northern Cardinal, see that page--->

The "buntings" in this family are sometimes generically known as "tropical buntings" (though not all live in the [[tropics]]) or "North American buntings" (though there are other buntings in North America) to distinguish them from the true [[Bunting (bird)|bunting]]s. Likewise the [[grosbeak]]s in this family are sometimes called "cardinal-grosbeaks" to distinguish them from other grosbeaks. The name "cardinal-grosbeak" can also apply to this family as a whole.

== Species list==
'''Family: Cardinalidae'''

1) "Masked" clade:
* Genus ''Periporphyrus''
** [[Red-and-black Grosbeak]], ''Periporphyrus erythromelas''
* Genus ''Caryothraustes''
** [[Black-faced Grosbeak]], ''Caryothraustes poliogaster''
** [[Yellow-green Grosbeak]], ''Caryothraustes canadensis''
* Genus ''Rhodothraupis''
** [[Crimson-collared Grosbeak]], ''Rhodothraupis celaeno''
* Genus ''Cardinalis''
** [[Northern Cardinal]], ''Cardinalis cardinalis''
** [[Pyrrhuloxia]], ''Cardinalis sinuatus''
** [[Vermilion Cardinal]], ''Cardinalis phoeniceus''
* Genus ''Piranga'' (from [[Thraupidae]])
** [[Rose-throated Tanager]], ''Piranga roseogularis''
** [[Hepatic Tanager]], ''Piranga flava''
** [[Scarlet Tanager]], ''Piranga olivacea''
** [[Summer Tanager]], ''Piranga rubra''
** [[Western Tanager]], ''Piranga ludoviciana''
** [[Flame-colored Tanager]], ''Piranga bidentata''
** [[White-winged Tanager]], ''Piranga leucoptera''
** [[Red-headed Tanager]], ''Piranga erythrocephala''
** [[Red-hooded Tanager]], ''Piranga rubriceps''

2) "Blue" clade:
* Genus ''Amaurospiza'' (from [[Emberizidae]])
** [[Blue Seedeater]], ''Amaurospiza concolor''
** [[Carrizal Seedeater]], ''Amaurospiza carrizalensis''
** [[Blackish-blue Seedeater]], ''Amaurospiza moesta''
* Genus '' Cyanocompsa ''
** [[Ultramarine Grosbeak]], ''Cyanocompsa brissonii''
** [[Blue Bunting]], ''Cyanocompsa parellina''
** [[Blue-black Grosbeak]], ''Cyanocompsa cyanoides''
* Genus '' Cyanoloxia ''
** [[Glaucous-blue Grosbeak]], ''Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea''
* Genus '' Passerina, '' [[Passerina|North American buntings]]
** [[Blue Grosbeak]], ''Passerina caerulea'' - sometimes separated in ''Guiraca''
** [[Lazuli Bunting]], ''Passerina amoena''
** [[Indigo Bunting]], ''Passerina cyanea''
** [[Varied Bunting]], ''Passerina versicolor''
** [[Painted Bunting]], ''Passerina ciris''
** [[Rose-bellied Bunting]], ''Passerina rositae''
** [[Orange-breasted Bunting]], ''Passerina leclancherii''
* Genus ''Spiza''
** [[Dickcissel]], ''Spiza americana''

3) Ant-tanager clade:
* Genus ''Habia'' (from [[Thraupidae]])
** [[Red-crowned Ant-tanager]], ''Habia rubica''
** [[Red-throated Ant-tanager]], ''Habia fuscicauda''
** [[Sooty Ant-tanager]], ''Habia gutturalis''
** [[Black-cheeked Ant-tanager]], ''Habia atrimaxillaris''
** [[Crested Ant-tanager]], ''Habia cristata''
* Genus ''Chlorothraupis'' (from [[Thraupidae]])
** [[Olive Tanager]], ''Chlorothraupis carmioli''
*** Carmiol's Tanager, ''Chlorothraupis (c.) carmioli''
*** Olive Tanager, ''Chlorothraupis (c.) frenata''
** [[Lemon-spectacled Tanager]], ''Chlorothraupis olivacea''
** [[Ochre-breasted Tanager]], ''Chlorothraupis stolzmanni''

4) "Chat" clade:
* Genus ''Granatellus'' (from [[Parulidae]])
** [[Red-breasted Chat]], ''Granatellus venustus''
** [[Gray-throated Chat]], ''Granatellus sallaei''
** [[Rose-breasted Chat]], ''Granatellus pelzelni''

5) "Pheucticus" clade:
* Genus '' Pheucticus ''
** [[Yellow Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus chrysopeplus''
** [[Golden-bellied Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus chrysogaster''
** [[Black-thighed Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus tibialis''
** [[Black-backed Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus aureoventris''
** [[Rose-breasted Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus ludovicianus''
** [[Black-headed Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus melanocephalus''

'''Incertae sedis''' - these birds traditionally placed in the cardinal family are biochemically related to various [[tanager]] ([[Thraupidae]]) groups:

* Genus ''Saltator'', the [[saltator]]s (biochemical studies suggest the saltators may be a sister group to [[tanagers]])
** [[Lesser Antillean Saltator]], ''Saltator albicollis''
** [[Streaked Saltator]], ''Saltator striatipectus''
** [[Grayish Saltator]], ''Saltator coerulescens''
** [[Buff-throated Saltator]], ''Saltator maximus''
** [[Black-headed Saltator]], ''Saltator atriceps''
** [[Slate-colored Grosbeak]], ''Saltator grossus''
** [[Black-throated Grosbeak]], ''Saltator fuliginosus''
** [[Black-winged Saltator]], ''Saltator atripennis''
** [[Green-winged Saltator]], ''Saltator similis''
** [[Orinocan Saltator]], ''Saltator orenocensis''
** [[Black-cowled Saltator]], ''Saltator nigriceps''
** [[Golden-billed Saltator]], ''Saltator aurantiirostris''
** [[Thick-billed Saltator]], ''Saltator maxillosus''
** [[Masked Saltator]], ''Saltator cinctus''
** [[Black-throated Saltator]], ''Saltator atricollis''
** [[Rufous-bellied Saltator]], ''Saltator? rufiventris'' - apparently a mountain-tanager
* Genus ''Porphyrospiza'' (this species appears to be related to the tanager species [[Band-tailed Sierra-finch]])
** [[Yellow-billed Blue Finch]], ''Porphyrospiza caerulescens''
* Genus ''Parkerthraustes'' (this species appears to be a [[tanager]])
** [[Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak]], ''Parkerthraustes humeralis''

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Northern Cardinal Female-27527.jpg|Female [[Northern Cardinal]]
Image:Pyrr.jpg|Male [[Pyrrhuloxia]]
Image:Rose-breasted Grosbeak-2752.jpg|Male [[Rose-breasted Grosbeak]]
Image:Lazuli Bunting.jpg|Male [[Lazuli Bunting]]
Image:Dickcissel23.jpg|Male or Female [[Dickcissel]]
Image:SummerTanager23.jpg|Male [[Summer Tanager]]
</gallery>

==References==
* Stiles and Skutch, ''A guide to the birds of Costa Rica'' ISBN 0-0814-9600-4
* Hilty, '' Birds of Venezuela'', ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
* ffrench<!---not capitalised--->, ''Birds of Trinidad and Tobago'' ISBN 0-7136-6759-1
* "National Geographic" ''Field Guide to the Birds of North America'' ISBN 0792268776
* Klicka, Burns & Spellman. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WNH-4P77858-1&_user=10&_coverDate=07%2F19%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9fc123bacd9841a07c7415bf6a3e0046]. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006 }}
*[http://species.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passerine Look it up on Wikispecies.]''

==External links==
*[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=202 Cardinalidae videos] on the Internet Bird Collection{{commons|Category:Cardinalidae|Cardinal family}}
*[http://www.xeno-canto.org/browse.php?query=cardinalidae Cardinalidae sounds] on xeno-canto.org

[[Category:Cardinalidae|*]]
[[Category:Bird families]]
[[Category:Heraldic birds]]
[[Category:United States state birds]]

[[cs:Kardinálovití]]
[[de:Kardinäle]]
[[es:Cardinalidae]]
[[eo:Kardinaledoj]]
[[fr:Cardinalinae]]
[[he:קרדינל (ציפור שיר)]]
[[hu:Kardinálispintyfélék]]
[[nl:Kardinaalachtigen]]
[[ja:コウカンチョウ族 (Sibley)]]
[[no:Kardinaler]]
[[nn:Kardinalar]]
[[pl:Kardynały]]
[[ru:Кардиналовые]]
[[simple:Cardinal (bird)]]
[[fi:Kardinaalit]]
[[sv:Kardinaler]]

Revision as of 07:16, 10 October 2008

Cardinalidae
Male Northern Cardinal
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Passeriformes
Suborder:
Passeri
Family:
Cardinalidae
Genera

Periporphyrus
Saltator
Caryothraustes
Parkerthraustes
Rhodothraupis
Cardinalis
Pheucticus
Cyanocompsa
Passerina
Spiza

The Cardinals or Cardinalidae are a family of passerine birds found in North and South America. The South American cardinals in the genus Paroaria are placed in another family, the Thraupidae (previously placed in Emberizidae).

These are robust, seed-eating birds, with strong bills. The family ranges in size from the 12-cm, 11.5-gram Orange-breasted Bunting to the 25-cm, 85-gram Black-headed Saltator. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinctive appearances; the family is named for the red plumage (colored cardinal like the color of a Catholic cardinal's vestments) of males of the type species, the Northern Cardinal.

The "buntings" in this family are sometimes generically known as "tropical buntings" (though not all live in the tropics) or "North American buntings" (though there are other buntings in North America) to distinguish them from the true buntings. Likewise the grosbeaks in this family are sometimes called "cardinal-grosbeaks" to distinguish them from other grosbeaks. The name "cardinal-grosbeak" can also apply to this family as a whole.

Species list

Family: Cardinalidae

1) "Masked" clade:

2) "Blue" clade:

3) Ant-tanager clade:

4) "Chat" clade:

5) "Pheucticus" clade:

Incertae sedis - these birds traditionally placed in the cardinal family are biochemically related to various tanager (Thraupidae) groups:

Gallery

References

  • Stiles and Skutch, A guide to the birds of Costa Rica ISBN 0-0814-9600-4
  • Hilty, Birds of Venezuela, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
  • ffrench, Birds of Trinidad and Tobago ISBN 0-7136-6759-1
  • "National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America ISBN 0792268776
  • Klicka, Burns & Spellman. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective. [1]. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006
  • Look it up on Wikispecies.

External links

  • Cardinalidae videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cardinal family.
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