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#REDIRECT [[Dugway sheep incident]]
{{Taxobox
| name = Cardinalidae
| image = cardinal.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| image_caption = Male [[Northern Cardinal]]
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[passerine|Passeriformes]]
| subordo = [[Passeri]]
| familia = '''Cardinalidae'''
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
''[[Periporphyrus]]''<br>
''[[Saltator]]''<br>
''[[Caryothraustes]]''<br>
''[[Parkerthraustes]]''<br>
''[[Rhodothraupis]]''<br>
''[[Cardinalis]]''<br>
''[[Pheucticus]]''<br>
''[[Cyanocompsa]]''<br>
''[[Passerina]]''<br>
''[[Spiza]]''
}}

The '''Cardinals''' or '''Cardinalidae''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] of [[passerine]] [[bird]]s found in [[North America|North]] and [[South America]]. The South American cardinals in the [[genus]] ''[[Paroaria]]'' are placed in another family, the [[Thraupidae]] (previously placed in [[Emberizidae]]).

These are robust, [[seed]]-eating birds, with strong bills. The family ranges in size from the 12-cm, 11.5-gram [[Orange-breasted Bunting]] to the 25-cm, 85-gram [[Black-headed Saltator]]. They are typically associated with open [[woodland]]. The sexes usually have distinctive appearances; the family is named for the red [[feather|plumage]] (colored [[Cardinal (color)|cardinal]] like the color of a [[cardinal (Catholicism)|Catholic cardinal]]'s vestments) of males of the [[type species]], the [[Northern Cardinal]].
<!---The state bird of several US states is the Northern Cardinal, see that page--->

The "buntings" in this family are sometimes generically known as "tropical buntings" (though not all live in the [[tropics]]) or "North American buntings" (though there are other buntings in North America) to distinguish them from the true [[Bunting (bird)|bunting]]s. Likewise the [[grosbeak]]s in this family are sometimes called "cardinal-grosbeaks" to distinguish them from other grosbeaks. The name "cardinal-grosbeak" can also apply to this family as a whole.

== Species list==
'''Family: Cardinalidae'''

1) "Masked" clade:
* Genus ''Periporphyrus''
** [[Red-and-black Grosbeak]], ''Periporphyrus erythromelas''
* Genus ''Caryothraustes''
** [[Black-faced Grosbeak]], ''Caryothraustes poliogaster''
** [[Yellow-green Grosbeak]], ''Caryothraustes canadensis''
* Genus ''Rhodothraupis''
** [[Crimson-collared Grosbeak]], ''Rhodothraupis celaeno''
* Genus ''Cardinalis''
** [[Northern Cardinal]], ''Cardinalis cardinalis''
** [[Pyrrhuloxia]], ''Cardinalis sinuatus''
** [[Vermilion Cardinal]], ''Cardinalis phoeniceus''
* Genus ''Piranga'' (from [[Thraupidae]])
** [[Rose-throated Tanager]], ''Piranga roseogularis''
** [[Hepatic Tanager]], ''Piranga flava''
** [[Scarlet Tanager]], ''Piranga olivacea''
** [[Summer Tanager]], ''Piranga rubra''
** [[Western Tanager]], ''Piranga ludoviciana''
** [[Flame-colored Tanager]], ''Piranga bidentata''
** [[White-winged Tanager]], ''Piranga leucoptera''
** [[Red-headed Tanager]], ''Piranga erythrocephala''
** [[Red-hooded Tanager]], ''Piranga rubriceps''

2) "Blue" clade:
* Genus ''Amaurospiza'' (from [[Emberizidae]])
** [[Blue Seedeater]], ''Amaurospiza concolor''
** [[Carrizal Seedeater]], ''Amaurospiza carrizalensis''
** [[Blackish-blue Seedeater]], ''Amaurospiza moesta''
* Genus '' Cyanocompsa ''
** [[Ultramarine Grosbeak]], ''Cyanocompsa brissonii''
** [[Blue Bunting]], ''Cyanocompsa parellina''
** [[Blue-black Grosbeak]], ''Cyanocompsa cyanoides''
* Genus '' Cyanoloxia ''
** [[Glaucous-blue Grosbeak]], ''Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea''
* Genus '' Passerina, '' [[Passerina|North American buntings]]
** [[Blue Grosbeak]], ''Passerina caerulea'' - sometimes separated in ''Guiraca''
** [[Lazuli Bunting]], ''Passerina amoena''
** [[Indigo Bunting]], ''Passerina cyanea''
** [[Varied Bunting]], ''Passerina versicolor''
** [[Painted Bunting]], ''Passerina ciris''
** [[Rose-bellied Bunting]], ''Passerina rositae''
** [[Orange-breasted Bunting]], ''Passerina leclancherii''
* Genus ''Spiza''
** [[Dickcissel]], ''Spiza americana''

3) Ant-tanager clade:
* Genus ''Habia'' (from [[Thraupidae]])
** [[Red-crowned Ant-tanager]], ''Habia rubica''
** [[Red-throated Ant-tanager]], ''Habia fuscicauda''
** [[Sooty Ant-tanager]], ''Habia gutturalis''
** [[Black-cheeked Ant-tanager]], ''Habia atrimaxillaris''
** [[Crested Ant-tanager]], ''Habia cristata''
* Genus ''Chlorothraupis'' (from [[Thraupidae]])
** [[Olive Tanager]], ''Chlorothraupis carmioli''
*** Carmiol's Tanager, ''Chlorothraupis (c.) carmioli''
*** Olive Tanager, ''Chlorothraupis (c.) frenata''
** [[Lemon-spectacled Tanager]], ''Chlorothraupis olivacea''
** [[Ochre-breasted Tanager]], ''Chlorothraupis stolzmanni''

4) "Chat" clade:
* Genus ''Granatellus'' (from [[Parulidae]])
** [[Red-breasted Chat]], ''Granatellus venustus''
** [[Gray-throated Chat]], ''Granatellus sallaei''
** [[Rose-breasted Chat]], ''Granatellus pelzelni''

5) "Pheucticus" clade:
* Genus '' Pheucticus ''
** [[Yellow Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus chrysopeplus''
** [[Golden-bellied Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus chrysogaster''
** [[Black-thighed Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus tibialis''
** [[Black-backed Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus aureoventris''
** [[Rose-breasted Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus ludovicianus''
** [[Black-headed Grosbeak]], ''Pheucticus melanocephalus''

'''Incertae sedis''' - these birds traditionally placed in the cardinal family are biochemically related to various [[tanager]] ([[Thraupidae]]) groups:

* Genus ''Saltator'', the [[saltator]]s (biochemical studies suggest the saltators may be a sister group to [[tanagers]])
** [[Lesser Antillean Saltator]], ''Saltator albicollis''
** [[Streaked Saltator]], ''Saltator striatipectus''
** [[Grayish Saltator]], ''Saltator coerulescens''
** [[Buff-throated Saltator]], ''Saltator maximus''
** [[Black-headed Saltator]], ''Saltator atriceps''
** [[Slate-colored Grosbeak]], ''Saltator grossus''
** [[Black-throated Grosbeak]], ''Saltator fuliginosus''
** [[Black-winged Saltator]], ''Saltator atripennis''
** [[Green-winged Saltator]], ''Saltator similis''
** [[Orinocan Saltator]], ''Saltator orenocensis''
** [[Black-cowled Saltator]], ''Saltator nigriceps''
** [[Golden-billed Saltator]], ''Saltator aurantiirostris''
** [[Thick-billed Saltator]], ''Saltator maxillosus''
** [[Masked Saltator]], ''Saltator cinctus''
** [[Black-throated Saltator]], ''Saltator atricollis''
** [[Rufous-bellied Saltator]], ''Saltator? rufiventris'' - apparently a mountain-tanager
* Genus ''Porphyrospiza'' (this species appears to be related to the tanager species [[Band-tailed Sierra-finch]])
** [[Yellow-billed Blue Finch]], ''Porphyrospiza caerulescens''
* Genus ''Parkerthraustes'' (this species appears to be a [[tanager]])
** [[Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak]], ''Parkerthraustes humeralis''

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:Northern Cardinal Female-27527.jpg|Female [[Northern Cardinal]]
Image:Pyrr.jpg|Male [[Pyrrhuloxia]]
Image:Rose-breasted Grosbeak-2752.jpg|Male [[Rose-breasted Grosbeak]]
Image:Lazuli Bunting.jpg|Male [[Lazuli Bunting]]
Image:Dickcissel23.jpg|Male or Female [[Dickcissel]]
Image:SummerTanager23.jpg|Male [[Summer Tanager]]
</gallery>

==References==
* Stiles and Skutch, ''A guide to the birds of Costa Rica'' ISBN 0-0814-9600-4
* Hilty, '' Birds of Venezuela'', ISBN 0-7136-6418-5
* ffrench<!---not capitalised--->, ''Birds of Trinidad and Tobago'' ISBN 0-7136-6759-1
* "National Geographic" ''Field Guide to the Birds of North America'' ISBN 0792268776
* Klicka, Burns & Spellman. Defining a monophyletic Cardinalini: A molecular perspective. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WNH-4P77858-1&_user=10&_coverDate=07%2F19%2F2007&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9fc123bacd9841a07c7415bf6a3e0046]. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2007.07.006 }}
*[http://species.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passerine Look it up on Wikispecies.]''

==External links==
*[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/familia.phtml?idFamilia=202 Cardinalidae videos] on the Internet Bird Collection{{commons|Category:Cardinalidae|Cardinal family}}
*[http://www.xeno-canto.org/browse.php?query=cardinalidae Cardinalidae sounds] on xeno-canto.org

[[Category:Cardinalidae|*]]
[[Category:Bird families]]
[[Category:Heraldic birds]]
[[Category:United States state birds]]

[[cs:Kardinálovití]]
[[de:Kardinäle]]
[[es:Cardinalidae]]
[[eo:Kardinaledoj]]
[[fr:Cardinalinae]]
[[he:קרדינל (ציפור שיר)]]
[[hu:Kardinálispintyfélék]]
[[nl:Kardinaalachtigen]]
[[ja:コウカンチョウ族 (Sibley)]]
[[no:Kardinaler]]
[[nn:Kardinalar]]
[[pl:Kardynały]]
[[ru:Кардиналовые]]
[[simple:Cardinal (bird)]]
[[fi:Kardinaalit]]
[[sv:Kardinaler]]

Latest revision as of 07:17, 10 October 2008

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