James Duff Brown: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox person |
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| name = James Duff Brown |
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| image = |
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| alt = |
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| caption = |
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| birth_date = 1862 |
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| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]] |
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| death_date = 1914 |
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| death_place = [[London]] |
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| nationality = [[Scotland|Scottish]] |
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| other_names = |
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| known_for = Innovator of open access libraries ; author of ''The Subject Classification'' |
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| occupation = [[Bibliography|Bibliographer]]<br>[[Librarian]] |
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}} |
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'''James Duff Brown''' (1862–1914) was a British librarian, information theorist, music biographer and educationalist. Most of his life was spent in London. |
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==Biography== |
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He was born in Edinburgh, but after beginning his library career in Glasgow, he subsequently moved to London, and worked in [[Clerkenwell]] for the [[Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury]]. He devised three classification systems: Quinn/Brown (1898), Adjustable classification (1898) and Subject Classification (1906). The latter system was for municipal libraries and was informed by his advocacy of open shelf access of books in the UK. Indeed he was ''[t]he pioneer of this new system [while he was librarian] of Clerkenwell, where the first experiment in open access was launched in May, 1893''.<ref name="Kelly">{{cite book |
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|title=Books for the People: an illustrated history of the British public library |
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|last =Kelly |
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|first=Thomas |
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|publisher=André Deutsch |
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|location=London |
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|year=1977 |
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|ISBN=0-233-96795-8 |
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|page=137}}</ref><ref name="Skelton">{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.infotodayeurope.com/2012/06/26/the-first-open-access-debate/ |
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| title = The first open access debate |
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| work= Information Today Europe |
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| last1 = Skelton |
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| first1 = Val |
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| accessdate = 2 January 2014 |
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}}</ref> This was referred to as "safe guarded open access". Alification work, he produced a standard textbook on librarianship (the ''Manual of Library Economy''). In 1 |
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{{cite journal |
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|last1= Harris |
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|first1= C. W. J. |
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|year= 1970 |
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|journal= Library world |
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}}</ref><ref name="Johansen2003">{{cite journal |
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|last1= Johansen |
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|first1= Michelle |
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|year= 2003 |
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|title= A fault-line in library history: Charles Goss, The Society of Public Librarians, and 'the Battle of the Books' in the Late Nineteenth Century |
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|journal= Library History |
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|volume= 19 |
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|issue= 2 |
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|pages= 75–91 |
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|url=http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=3&sid=d794c60b-f242-4d14-9ba7-073fb1269b48%40sessionmgr198&hid=4204&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=lls&AN=502906454 |
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|issn= 0024-2306 |
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}}</ref> He further contributed to theoretical journals and also produced correspondence courses in librarianship "upon which most British librarians depended for their professional studies until the 1930s". As Librarian in the [[Metropolitan Borough of Islington]] he largely built up their collection and service.<ref name="Wedgeworth">{{Cite book |
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|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HSFu99FCJwQC&pg=PA150&lpg=PA150&dq=%22Malhan%22+%22James+Duff+Brown%22&source=web&ots=SQyLSVQRAY&sig=WzN3Jy-vrSCOI0Cf5SpB2YJeb20&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA150,M1 |
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|title=World Encyclopedia of Library and Information Services |
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|author=Robert Wedgeworth |
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|accessdate=December 16, 2008 |
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}}</ref> |
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==Ideas== |
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His work in classification attempted to deal with the problem of the shelf arrangement of interdisciplinary works, and how to ensure that works on the same topic would be found in the same place. Part of his attempt to deal with this was to create synthesised notation (a rarity among classification systems in his day) to allow composite classmarks to be created. |
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Clare Beghtol notes ''He tried to bring all works on a concrete topic together notationally so that, for example, "at E917 for Coffee must be collected everything related to coffee, regardless of standpoint, form or other qualification but it must not be put under such headings as Tropical Agriculture, Beverages, Crops, Foods, Drugs, Ethics, Bibliography, Customs, or any other general head."''<ref name="Beghtol">{{cite web |
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|title=James Duff Brown's Subject Classification and Evaluation Methods for Classification Systems |
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|url=http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/bitstream/10150/106250/1/SIG-CR2004Beghtol.pdf |
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|first1= Clare |
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| last1= Bheghtol |
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|accessdate= 2 January 2013 |
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}}</ref> |
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==Publications== |
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*1886: ''Biographical Dictionary of Musicians'' |
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*1893: ''Guide to the Formation of a Music Library'' |
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*1897: ''British Musical Biography'' with [[Stephen Samuel Stratton]] |
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*1898: ''Manual of Library Classification and Shelf Arrangement'' |
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*1903: ''Manual of Library Economy'' (7 later eds.) |
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*1906: ''Manual of Practical Bibliography'' |
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*1906: ''Subject Classification'' (1st ed. 1906 ; 2nd ed. 1914 ; 3rd ed. (rev. by J. D. Stewart) 1939) |
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*1907: ''The Small Library: a guide to the collection and care of books'' |
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*1910: ''Characteristic Songs and Dances of All Ages'' |
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*1912: ''Library Classification and Cataloguing'' |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*{{wikisource author-inline}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> |
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| NAME = Brown, James Duff |
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = |
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British librarian |
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| DATE OF BIRTH = 1862 |
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| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Edinburgh]] |
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| DATE OF DEATH = 1914 |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = [[London]] |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, James Duff}} |
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[[Category:1862 births]] |
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[[Category:1914 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Scottish librarians]] |
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[[Category:Scottish bibliographers]] |
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[[Category:People from Edinburgh]] |
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[[Category:Scottish biographers]] |
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[[Category:British information theorists]] |
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