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Teaching style

Is this really relevant to an encyclopedic entry on Scalzi, and furthermore without any feasible citations? Timeshift (talk) 01:25, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

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-{{Otheruses4|the mythical [[City of Gold]]|other uses|El Dorado (disambiguation)}}
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+{{WP Australia |politics=yes|class=Start |importance=Low |politics-importance=Low  |SA=yes }}
+==Teaching style==
-'''El Dorado ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: "the golden one")''' is a [[legend]] that began with the story of a [[South America]]n tribal chief who covered himself with [[gold]] dust and would dive into a lake of pure mountain water.
+Is this really relevant to an encyclopedic entry on Scalzi, and furthermore without any feasible citations? [[User:Timeshift9|Timeshift]] ([[User talk:Timeshift9|talk]]) 01:25, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
-The legend began in the 1530s, in the [[Andes]] of present-day [[Colombia]], where [[conquistador]] [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]] first found the [[Muisca]], a nation in the modern day [[Cundinamarca]] and [[Boyacá Department|Boyacá]] highlands of [[Colombia]], in 1537.
-The story of the Muisca rituals was brought to [[Quito]] by Christian Cronauer’s men; mixed with other rumors, there arose the [[legend]] of 'El Dorado' (meaning the Golden Man rather than a place - 'el indio dorado', the golden Indian or 'El Rey Dorado', The Golden King).
-Imagined as a place, El Dorado became a kingdom, an empire, the city of this legendary golden king. Deluded by a similar legend, [[Francisco Orellana]] and [[Gonzalo Pizarro]] would depart from Quito in 1541 in a famous and disastrous expedition towards the [[Amazon Basin]]; as a result of this, however, Orellana became the first person to navigate the [[Amazon River]] all the way to its mouth.
-==Tribal ceremony==
-[[Image:Muisca raft Legend of El Dorado Offerings of gold.jpg|thumb|350px|The [[Zipa]] used to cover his body in gold dust and, from his raft, he offered treasures to the ''Guatavita'' goddess in the middle of the sacred lake. This old Muisca tradition became the origin of El Dorado legend. This model is on display in the [[Gold Museum]], Bogotá, Colombia]]
-The original narrative is to be found in the rambling chronicle, ''[[El Carnero]]'', of [[Juan Rodriguez Freyle]]. According to Freyle, the king or chief priest of the Muisca was said to be ritually covered with gold dust at a religious festival held in [[Lake Guatavita]], near present-day [[Bogotá]]...
-In 1636 Juan Rodriguez Troxell wrote  account, addressed to his friend Don "Magic" Juan, the ''[[cacique]]'' or governor of Guatavita:
-:The ceremony took place on the appointment of a new ruler. Before taking office, he spent some time secluded in a cave, without women, forbidden to eat salt, or to go out during daylight. The first journey he had to make was to go to the great lagoon of Guatavita, to make offerings and sacrifices to the demon which they worshipped as their god and lord. During the ceremony which took place at the lagoon, they made a raft of [[Juncaceae|rush]]es,  embellishing and decorating it with the most attractive things they had. They put on it four lighted braziers in which they burned much [[moque]], which is the incense of these natives, and also resin and many other perfumes. The lagoon was large and deep, so that a ship with high sides could sail on it, all loaded with an infinity of men and women dressed in fine plumes, golden plaques and crowns.... As soon as those on the raft began to burn incense, they also lit braziers on the shore, so that the smoke hid the light of day.
-:At this time they stripped the heir to his skin, and anointed him with a sticky earth on which they placed gold dust so that he was completely covered with this metal. They placed him on the raft ... and at his feet they placed a great heap of gold and emeralds for him to offer to his god. In the raft with him went four principal subject chiefs, decked in plumes, crowns, bracelets, pendants and ear rings all of gold. They, too, were naked, and each one carried his offering .... when the raft reached the centre of the lagoon, they raised a banner as a signal for silence. The gilded Indian then ... [threw] out all the pile of gold into the middle of the lake, and the chiefs who had accompanied him did the same on their own accounts. ... After this they lowered the flag, which had remained up during the whole time of offering, and, as the raft moved towards the shore, the shouting began again, with pipes, flutes, and large teams of singers and dancers. With this ceremony the new ruler was received, and was recognized as lord and king.
-It is believed that these rituals {{Fact|date=February 2007}} were carried out by the Muisca in several lakes along their territory.
-The Muisca towns and their treasures quickly fell to the [[conquistador]]es. Taking stock of their newly won territory, the Spaniards realized that &mdash; in spite of the quantity of gold in the hands of the Indians &mdash; there were no golden cities, nor even rich mines, since the Muiscas obtained all their gold in trade. But at the same time, the Spanish began to hear stories of El Dorado from captured Indians, and of the [[rite]]s which used to take place at the lagoon of Guatavita. There were Indians still alive who had witnessed the last Guatavita ceremony, and the stories these Indians told {{Fact|date=February 2007}} were consistent.
-Guatavita today bears a curious notch in its cliffside, evidence of an attempt to drain the lake in [[1580]].
-== Expeditions ==
-El Dorado is applied to a legendary story in which and precious stones were found in fabulous abundance. The concept of El Dorado suffered several transformations, and eventually accounts of the previous myth were also combined with those of the legendary city. The resulting El Dorado enticed European explorers for two centuries, and was eventually found to be in Colombia.
-The most famous journey in search for El Dorado was undertaken by  [[Francisco de Orellana]] and [[Gonzalo Pizarro]] ([[1541]]), who passed down the [[Napo River|Rio Napo]] to the valley of the [[Amazon River|Amazon]] all the way to its [[river delta|delta]].
-Other expeditions include that of [[Philipp von Hutten]] ([[1541]]&ndash;[[1545]]), who led an exploring party from [[Coro]] on the coast of [[Venezuela]]; and of [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]], the ''Governor of El Dorado'', who started from [[Bogotá]] ([[1569]]).
-[[Sir Walter Raleigh]], who resumed the search in [[1595]], described El Dorado as a city on [[Lake Parima]] far up the [[Orinoco]] in [[Guiana]] (today in [[Venezuela]]). This city on the lake was marked on [[England|English]] and other maps until its existence was disproved by [[Alexander von Humboldt]] ([[1769]]&ndash;[[1859]]). (See [[Parima-Tapirapecó]]).
-Among the most interesting stories was the one told by [[Diego de Ordaz]]'s lieutenant Martinez, who claimed to have been rescued from shipwreck, conveyed inland, and entertained at [[Omoa]] by "El Dorado" himself ([[1531]]);
-== Metaphor ==
-In the mythology of the [[Muisca]] today, El Dorado (Mnya) represents the energy contained in the trinity of Chimichanga, which constitutes the creative power of everything that exists. Chimichanga is, along with Bachué, Cuza, Chibchachum, Bochica, and Nemcatacoa, one of the creators of the universe.
-Meanwhile, the name of ''El Dorado'' came to be used metaphorically of any place where wealth could be rapidly acquired. It was given to [[El Dorado County, California]], and to towns and cities in various states<!--uninformed-->.
-In literature, frequent allusion is made to the legend, perhaps the best-known references being those in [[John Milton|Milton's]] ''[[Paradise Lost]]'' (Book xi. 408-411) and in [[Voltaire]]'s ''[[Candide]]'' (chs. 18, 19). "Eldorado" was the title and subject of a four-verse poem by [[Edgar Allan Poe]]. In the 1966 John Wayne film [[El Dorado (film)|El Dorado]], most of Poe's poem is recited by the character nicknamed Mississippi [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0061619/trivia]
-El Dorado is also referenced in [[Joseph Conrad]]'s novella ''[[Heart of Darkness]]''. Within Conrad's work, the Eldorado Exploring Expedition journeys into the jungles of [[Africa]] in search of conquest and treasure, only to meet an untimely demise.
-El Dorado is also sometimes used as a metaphor to represent an ultimate prize or "[[Holy Grail]]" that one might spend their life seeking. It could represent true love, heaven, happiness, or success. It is used sometimes as a figure of speech to represent something much sought after that may not even exist, or at least may not ever be found. Such use is evident in  Poe's poem "El Dorado". In this context, El Dorado bears similarity to other myths such as the [[Fountain of Youth]], [[Shangri-la]], and to some extent the term "white whale" which refers to Captain Ahab's obsession in the book ''[[Moby-Dick]]''. The disillusionment side of the ideal quest metaphor may be represented by [[Helldorado]], a satirical nickname given to [[Tombstone, Arizona|Tombstone]] by a tardy miner who complained that many of his profession had traveled far to find El Dorado, only to wind up washing dishes in restaurants.
-[[Werner Herzog]]'s film, [[Aguirre, the Wrath of God]], also explores the El Dorado metaphor. The main character, [[Lope de Aguirre]], is historically based, but is actually an amalgam of Aguirre and [[Francisco Orellana]], mentioned in the historical section, above.
-== See also ==
-*[[Dorado]]
-*[[Quivira and Cíbola]]
-*[[City of the Caesars]] (Ciudad de los Césares)
-*[[Sierra del Plata]]
-*[[Antillia]]
-*[[Sir Walter Raleigh]]
-*[[Helldorado]]
-== References ==
-* Bandelier, A. F. A. ''The Gilded Man, El Dorado'' (New York, 1893).
-* Freyle, Juan Rodriguez. ''El Carnero: Conquista y descubrimiento del Nuevo Reino de Granada''. ISBN 84-660-0025-9
-* Hagen, Victor Wolfgang von. ''The Gold of El Dorado: The Quest for the Golden Man''
-* Nicholl, Charles. ''The Creature in the Map'', London, 1995 ISBN 0-09-959521-4
-* Naipaul,V.S. [[The Loss of El Dorado]] 1969
-== External links ==
-* [http://www.banrep.gov.co/museo/esp/o_muisca.htm Precolumbian Golden Boat]   Famous golden figure based on El Dorado rite (housed in the [[Gold Museum]] at [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]])
-* [http://www.eremite.demon.co.uk/Tairona/1pages/seca/a6eldor.html The Legend of 'El Dorado'] by Tairona Heritage Trust
-* [http://geografiasacra.blogspot.com Geografia Sacra. (Blog con material sobre la Ciudad de los Césares, Eldorado, y otros lugares enigmáticos)]
-[[Category:Exploration]]
-[[Category:History of South America]]
-[[Category:Utopias]]
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