Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine and User talk:Rdelahanty: Difference between pages
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{{ Infobox_War_Faction |
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|name= Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine |
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|war= [[Russian Civil War]] & [[Ukrainian Revolution]] |
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|image=[[Image:Makhno group.jpg|300px|center]] |
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|caption=[[Simon Karetnik]], [[Nestor Makhno|Batko Makhno]], and [[Fedir Shchus]] (Fedor Shchus). |
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|active= 1918-1921 |
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|leaders= [[Nestor Makhno]] |
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|area= [[Ukraine]], mostly [[Yekaterinoslav]] [[Province]], especially [[Huliaipole]] |
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|strength= 103,000 in December 1919 |
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|allies= temporary agreements with (Red) Soviet Russia, (Red) Soviet Ukraine, (Red) Soviet Crimea, temporary cease-fire with the Directory, agreements with Antonov's Revolt |
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|opponents= Austro-Hungarian Occupation Forces, German Occupation Forces, Hetmanate, Directory, (White) [[Don Host]], (White) [[Volunteer Army]], (White) Armed Forces of South Russia, (White) Russian Army, (Red) Soviet Russia, (Red) Soviet Ukraine, (Red) Soviet Crimea, [[Nikifor Grigoriev|Grigoriev's Revolt]] & [[Selbstschutz#Mennonite units|Selbstschutz]] |
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|battles= [[Battle of Peregonovka (1919)|Battle of Peregonovka]] September 1919}} |
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'''The Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine''' ({{lang-uk|Революційна Повстанська Армія України, ''Revolyutsiyna Povstans’ka Armiya Ukrayiny''}}), also known as the '''Black Army''', was an [[anarchist]] [[army]] under the command of the famous anarchist [[Nestor Makhno]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]. |
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Ukrainian guerrilla bands were active during the Civil War period. Some claimed to be loyal to the Ukrainian state, but others acknowledged no allegiance, and all fought both Reds and White Russians with equal ferocity. After 1920 they constituted the only Ukrainian forces left in Soviet Ukraine. At that date they were said to number some 40,000; some of them fought until 1924. |
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==[[:Santa Paula teleport]]== |
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The most famous of these groups was that of the peasant anarchist leader [[Nestor Makhno]], who began operations in the south-eastern Ukraine against the Hetmanate regime in July 1918. In September he formed the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine (Anarchist Black Army) with arms and equipment obtained from the retreating Austro-Hungarian and German forces. |
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[[Image:Copyright-problem.svg|left|40px]] |
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This is an automated message from [[User:CorenSearchBot|CorenSearchBot]]. I have performed a web search with the contents of [[:Santa Paula teleport]], and it appears to include a substantial copy of http://www.vizada.com/920_1. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. |
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This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on [[User talk:Coren|the maintainer's talk page]]. [[User:CorenSearchBot|CorenSearchBot]] ([[User talk:CorenSearchBot|talk]]) 16:40, 11 October 2008 (UTC) |
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Makhno and the Ukrainian anarchist army, at first declared 'bandits' and 'outlaws' by the Moscow's Bolshevik government, were welcomed after General [[Denikin]] threatened to overrun Moscow in a drive towards the city in 1919. After concluding an agreement with the Ukrainian anarchists, Makno turned his Black Army east and attacked Denikin's lines of supply, hoping to break through his lines. Denikin thought the move was a feint or reconnaissance. The pressure, along with fresh Red Army victories, caused Denikin to abandon his campaign for Moscow; he retreated with heavy losses. |
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==Speedy deletion of [[:Santa Paula teleport]]== |
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After the victory over the White Army, the Bolshevik government immediately tore up its agreement with the Ukranian anarchists, attacking concentrations of Black Army forces whereever they could be found. The [[Cheka]] sent two agents to assassinate Makhnov, who were discovered before they could complete their mission. Red Army forces, vastly superior in numbers and equipment, steadily reduced areas under anarchist control. In one raid, Makhnov's entire Black Army headquarters staff was captured; all were executed on the spot. Makhnov continued to fight until his forces were defeated and dispersed in August 1921; with a small number of men, he managed to slip across the [[Romania]]n border. |
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[[Image:Ambox warning_pn.svg|48px|left]] A tag has been placed on [[:Santa Paula teleport]] requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under [[WP:CSD#G12|section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion]], because the article appears to be a blatant [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|copyright]] infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of ''information'', but not as a source of ''sentences''. This part is crucial: ''say it in your own words''. |
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If the external website belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must include ''on the external site'' the statement "I, (name), am the author of this article, (article name), and I release its content under the terms of the [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License], Version 1.2 and later." You might want to look at [[Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines|Wikipedia's policies and guidelines]] for more details, or ask a question [[Wikipedia:Help desk|here]]. |
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== Organisation == |
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{{command structure |
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|name= Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine<br> |
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|date= January-February 1919 |
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|subordinate= 1st Insurgent Regiment, <br> 2nd Insurgent Regiment, <br> 3rd Insurgent Regiment, <br> 4th Insurgent Regiment, <br> 5th Insurgent Regiment |
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}} |
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{{command structure |
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|name= 3rd Trans-Dnepr Brigade (Red Army)<br> |
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|date= February-April 1919 |
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|subordinate= 7th Trans-Dnepr Regiment, <br> 8th Trans-Dnepr Regiment, <br> 9th Trans-Dnepr Regiment |
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}} |
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{{command structure |
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|name= 7th Insurgent Rifle Division (Red Army)<br> |
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|date=April-July 1919 |
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|subordinate= 7th Trans-Dnepr Regiment, <br> 8th Trans-Dnepr Regiment, <br> 9th Grechesky Regiment, <br> 10th Donskoi Regiment, <br> 11th Ignatievsky Regiment |
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}} |
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{{command structure |
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|name= Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine<br> |
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|date= August-December 1919 |
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|subordinate= 1st Donets Corps, <br> 2nd Azov Corps, <br> 3rd Yekaterinoslav Corps, <br> 4th Crimean Corps, <br> Strategic Reserve<br>including 1st Machine-gun Regiment |
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}} |
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In mid-1919 the Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine had a strength of some 15,000 men organised into 1 [[cavalry]] and 4 [[infantry]] [[Brigade]]s, a [[machine gun]] [[regiment]] with 5000 [[gun]]s, and an [[artillery]] [[detachment (military)|detachment]]. At its peak in December 1919 it had about 83,000 infantry, 20,135 cavalry, 1,435 machine guns, and 118 guns, as well as 7 [[armored train]]s and some [[Armored car (military)|armored car]]s.<ref>Belash, Victor & Belash, Aleksandr, <i>Dorogi Nestora Makhno</i>, p. 340</ref> It was organized into 4 Corps and the strategic reserve. Each Corps had 1 infantry and 1 cavalry Brigade; each Brigade had 3-4 Regiments of the appropriate type.<ref>Belash, Victor & Belash, Aleksandr, <i>Dorogi Nestora Makhno</i>, pp. 333 & 340</ref> |
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If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding <code>{{tl|hangon}}</code> to '''the top of [[:Santa Paula teleport|the page that has been nominated for deletion]]''' (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on '''[[ Talk:Santa Paula teleport|the talk page]]''' explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for ''speedy'' deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. <!-- Template:Db-copyvio-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Llamadog903|The Llama!]] ([[User talk:Llamadog903|talk]]) 16:41, 11 October 2008 (UTC) |
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The structure of the RIAU was not that of a traditional army. Instead, the RIAU was a democratic militia based on soldier committees and general assemblies. Officers in the ordinary sense were abolished; instead all commanders were elected and recallable. In theory, the RIAU relied on voluntary enlistment instead of conscription, however in practice conscription was used<ref name="avrich1988">Avrich, Paul. [http://books.google.com/books?id=hOd0-HITuhEC&pg=PA111&dq=%22anarchist+portraits%22+makhno&sig=ArbmChwhT2xLIP0dWWO3CgpW-jc#PPA118,M1 Anarchist Portraits], 1988 Princeton University |
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Press, pg 121</ref>. Regular mass assemblies were held to discuss policy. The army was based on self-discipline, with all of the army’s disciplinary rules approved by soldier assemblies. |
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This organizational structure was later used in organizing militias created by anarchists in the [[Spanish revolution]] and [[Spanish Civil War]]. |
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== Commanders == |
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*[[Nestor Makhno|Batko Makhno]] ([[Huliaipole]] (Гуляйполе); [[Anarchist communism|anarchist-communist]]) |
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*[[Simon Karetnik]] (Huliaipole; anarchist-communist) |
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*[[Marchenko]] (Huliaipole; anarchist-communist (1907)) |
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*[[Grigory Vasilevsky]] (Huliaipole) |
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*[[Boris Veretelnikov]] (Huliaipole; [[Socialist-Revolutionary Party|SR]]; anarchist-communist (1918)) |
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*[[Peter Gavrilenko]] (Huliaipole; anarchist-communist (1905)) |
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*[[Vasily Kurilenko]] ([[Novospassovka]]) |
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*[[Viktor Belash]] (Novospassovka; [[anarchist]]) |
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*[[Kalašnikov]] (Huliaipole; anarchist) |
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*[[Mikhalev-Pavlenko]] ([[Demining|deminer]]) |
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*[[Fedir Shchus]] ([[Bolšaja Mihailovka]]) |
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*[[Ivan Lepetchenko]] (Huliaipole; anarchist) |
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*[[Aleksandr Lepetchenko]] (Huliaipole; anarchist) |
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*[[Dmitry Ivanovich Popov]] ([[Moscow]]; [[Left Socialist-Revolutionaries|left SR]]) |
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*[[Lev Zadov]] |
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==References== |
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<div class="references-small"><references/> |
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</div> |
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== See also == |
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*[[Black Guards]] |
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*[[Battle of Peregonovka (1919)]] |
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[[Category:Anarchist organizations of Ukraine]] |
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[[Category:History of anarchism]] |
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[[Category:History of Ukraine]] |
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[[Category:Russian Civil War]] |
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[[Category:National liberation movements]] |
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[[Category:Ukrainian Revolution]] |
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[[Category:Peasant revolts]] |
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[[Category:Makhnovism]] |
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[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1918]] |
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[[br:Mac'hnovchtchina]] |
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[[ca:Exèrcit Revolucionari d'Insurrecció d'Ucraïna]] |
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[[de:Machnowschtschina]] |
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[[es:Ejército Negro]] |
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[[eo:Maĥnovŝĉino]] |
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[[fr:Makhnovchtchina]] |
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[[it:Makhnovščina]] |
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[[pt:Exército Insurreto Revolucionário da Ucrânia]] |
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[[ru:Махновщина]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:41, 11 October 2008
This is an automated message from CorenSearchBot. I have performed a web search with the contents of Santa Paula teleport, and it appears to include a substantial copy of http://www.vizada.com/920_1. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material; such additions will be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences.
This message was placed automatically, and it is possible that the bot is confused and found similarity where none actually exists. If that is the case, you can remove the tag from the article and it would be appreciated if you could drop a note on the maintainer's talk page. CorenSearchBot (talk) 16:40, 11 October 2008 (UTC)
Speedy deletion of Santa Paula teleport[edit]
A tag has been placed on Santa Paula teleport requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be a blatant copyright infringement. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words.
If the external website belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text — which means allowing other people to modify it — then you must include on the external site the statement "I, (name), am the author of this article, (article name), and I release its content under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 and later." You might want to look at Wikipedia's policies and guidelines for more details, or ask a question here.
If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding {{hangon}} to the top of the page that has been nominated for deletion (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. The Llama! (talk) 16:41, 11 October 2008 (UTC)