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[[Image:Hay bale at dawn.jpg|thumb|right|Hay bale in field]]
I don't think origination fees and points are the same thing. This article may be actively misleading.--[[User:Srleffler|Srleffler]] 05:37, 9 July 2006 (UTC)
[[Image:Farm yard in summer.JPG|thumb|right|Farm yard in summer]]
Canada is one of the largest agricultural producers and exporters in the world, particularly concerning wheat and other grains.<ref>[http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/modules/prb98-2-grain/grainmarket-e.htm The Relative Position of Canada in the World Grain Market]</ref> As with other developed nations, the proportion of the population and GDP devoted to agriculture fell dramatically over the 20th century but it remains an important element of the Canadian economy.
A wide range of agriculture is practiced in Canada, from sprawling wheat fields of the [[prairies]] to wineries of the [[Okanagan|Okanagan valley]]. In the [[Government of Canada|federal government]], overview of Canadian agriculture is the responsibility of the [[Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada|department of Agriculture and Agri-Food]].<ref>{{cite web
| title = Welcome to AAFC Online
| work = Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
| publisher = Government of Canada
| date = 2008-01-24
| url = http://www.agr.gc.ca/index_e.php
| accessdate = }}</ref></blockquote>
==History==
{{see also|History of Agriculture|Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas|}}


: You're right. They're quite different. I've got a fairly strong grasp of most financial mathematics, and I'll give this page a look when I find some time. (Feel free to come to my talk page and ask me to look at this page if I forget). [[User:Davemcarlson|Davemcarlson]] 05:21, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
In the 17th century [[Samuel de Champlain]] and [[Gabriel Sagard]] recorded that the [[Iroquois]] and [[Huron]] cultivated the soil for [[maize]] or "Indian corn". <ref>{{cite web
| last = Bélanger
| first = Claude
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Indian agriculture - Indians of Canada and Quebec
| work = Marianopolis College
| publisher =
| date = 2004
| url = http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/agricultureindian.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = }}</ref> Maize (''Zea mays''), [[potatoes]] (''Solanum tuberosum''), [[beans]] (''phaseolus''), [[Squash (plant)|squash]] (''Cucurbita'') and the [[sunflower]] (''Helianthus annus'') were grown throughout agricultural lands in [[North America]] by the 16th century. As early as 2300 BC evidence of squash was introduced to the northeastern woodlands region. Archaeological findings from 500 AD have shown corn cultivation in southern [[Ontario]].<ref>{{Citation
| last = Dickason
| first = Olive Patricia
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title = Canada's First Nations A History of Founding Peoples from Earliest Times
| place = Toronto
| publisher = Oxford University Press
| year = 1997
| volume =
| edition = second
| url =
| doi = page 20-22
| id =
| isbn = 0-19-541358-X}}</reF>


I agree, from my understanding points are used to decide how much the origination fee is, but they are not the same thing. I would like a professional's opinion though. I work in a bank, but I'm a translator, so a lot of the technical stuff is over my head.
[[Eastern Canada]] was settled well before the [[Western Canada|West]]. Immigration and trading posts came later to [[Rupert's Land]] and the [[Territorial evolution of Canada|Northwest Territories]]. The early immigrants combined European agricultural and domestication procedures with the indigenous knowledge of the land and animals of the area.


Yes, origination fees and points are not the same thing (in the process of buying a home now...) Buying point allows you to get a lower interest rate. The origination fee is a fee that a lender charges as part of the closing costs. --[[User:D3matt|D3matt]]
As early as 1605, the French [[Acadian]]s built [[dike]]s in the [[Maritimes]] for [[wheat]], [[flax]], [[vegetables]], [[pasturage]] and [[marsh]]land farming.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Dick
| first = Lyle
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Taylor, Jeff
| title =Agriculture, History of
| work = The Canadian Encyclopaedia
| publisher = Historica Foundation of Canada
| date = 2008
| url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895090
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> [[Dairy]] production is the main contribution of [[New Brunswick]], [[Nova Scotia]], and [[Prince Edward Island]], along with livestock and [[mixed farming]] ventures. A small percentage of land is put into use in [[fruit farming]] as well along Nova Scotia's northwest coastal areas.
The [[American Revolution]], 1775-1783, and its attendant food decline resulted in 3100&nbsp;hectares cleared in [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]]. In the early 19th century [[Irish Canadian|Irish immigrants]] began arriving who cultivated the land in Newfoundland.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Dick
| first = Lyle
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Taylor, Jeff
| title =Agriculture, History of: Newfoundland
| work = The Canadian Encyclopaedia
| publisher = Historica Foundation of Canada
| date = 2008
| url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895091
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> A very small percentage of the land is suitable in [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] for horticultural or crop production because there is a lot of forested and [[tundra]] geography. The province has some dairy production and farming concerns. Following [[World War II]], farm training was available at the Government Demonstration Farm. Bonuses were paid for such things as the purchase of pure-bred [[sire]]s, land clearing, and agriculture exhibition assistance to name a few. The industry of [[fish processing]] for food is the largest agricultural contribution from Newfoundland. Newfoundland fisheries, supply [[cod]] for the most part, followed closely by [[herring]], [[haddock]], [[American lobster|lobster]], [[rose fish]], [[Pinniped|seals]], and [[whale]]s. The fishing industry depends very heavily upon [[exports]] and [[World economy|world conditions]].<ref>{{cite web
| last =Cadigan
| first =Sean
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Agriculture: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
| work =
| publisher =
| date =1998
| url =http://www.heritage.nf.ca/society/agriculture.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10}}</ref>


*Also this article seems very US-centric - I for one have never heard of points in New Zealand for example. [[User:Lisiate|Lisiate]] 00:29, 3 August 2006 (UTC)
Agriculture in the West started with [[Peter Pond]] gardening plots at [[Lake Athabasca]] in 1778. Although large-scale agriculture was still many years off, [[Hudson's Bay Company]] traders, [[gold rush]] miners, and [[missionaries]] cultivated crops, gardens and raised livestock.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Dick
| first = Lyle
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Taylor, Jeff
| title =Agriculture, History of
| work = The Canadian Encyclopaedia
| publisher = Historica Foundation of Canada
| date = 2008
| url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895096
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> The [[Northwest Territories]], [[Yukon]], and [[Nunavut]] are covered with the [[Canadian Shield]], and rocky outcrops, sub Arctic forest soils, and stony phases make up most of the geography. It is an area of comparatively smaller population and not commercially exploited for the most part. [[Whaling]], [[prawns]], and [[trapping]] food processing contribute to agricultural food production here.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =http://www.gov.bc.ca/
| coauthors =BC Government Home Page
| title =Northwest Territories Agriculture
| work =
| publisher =Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry
| date =
| url =http://www.farmnwt.com/State%20of%20the%20Industry%202000.pdf
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate =2007-04-10 }}</ref>


It woudl be of great help if somebody explained the meaning of "points" mathematically? Meaning, how does one arrive at 1 point ~ 0.25% in interest rate? Is a point payment of the difference in the present value of the interest the bank will collect over the next 30 years? This is not clear at all, hence the description as it stands is not useful beyond what is available on most lender's websites. - Dubravko
In [[Canada, New France|New France]] [[hops]], [[hemp]] and livestock were introduced in 1663. The [[seigneurial system of New France|seigneurial system]] of farming was adopted in Quebec.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Dick
| first = Lyle
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Taylor, Jeff
| title =Quebec. Agriculture, History of
| work = The Canadian Encyclopaedia
| publisher = Historica Foundation of Canada
| date = 2008
| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895092
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> Quebec's agricultural sector relies heavily on its [[fruit]] and [[vegetable]] production. In 1890, a competition began to encourage farmers to improve their farms to achieve the [[Agricultural Merit Order]]. County farm improvement contests were begun about 1930 involving over 5,000 farms and their evolution over five years. They have some interests in livestock and mixed farming and diary as well. St. Hyacinthe operated an [[artificial insemination]] station from 1951 for breeders clubs.<ref name="Year">{{cite book | title=The Canada Year Book 1951 The Official Statistical Annual of the Resources, History, Institutions, and Social and Economic Conditions of Canada | publisher=King's Printer and Controller of Stationery | year=1951 |editor=Cloutier, Edmond | ISBN=0-7715-8268-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =2001 Census of Agriculture - Agriculture in Quebec
| work =Sharp decline in number of farms in Quebec
| publisher =2001 Census of Agriculture
| date =2003-12-02
| url =http://www.statcan.ca/english/agcensus2001/first/regions/farmqc.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>
[[Image:Farmer plowing.jpg|thumb|left|Plowing via horse and hand held plow.]]
The [[Corn Laws|British enforced Corn (Cereal grains )laws, 1794-1846]], protected the British agricultural sector from imports of [[British North America]]n wheat. The [[Canadian-American Reciprocity Treaty|Reciprocity Treaty]], [[June 6]], [[1854]], developed a trade agreement between Canada and the [[United States]] which affected trade of wheat grown in Ontario.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Masters
| first =D.C.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Reciprocity Agriculture, History of
| work = The Canadian Encyclopaedia
| publisher = Historica Foundation of Canada
| date = 2008
| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006710
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> Northern [[Ontario]] is mainly tundra and forested area, whereas southern Ontario has lands suitable for livestock and general farming as well as geography suitable for pasture and dairying industries. Fruit farming and [[tobacco]] farms can also be found in southern Ontario. Ontario is the largest producer of mixed grains, [[soybeans]] and shelled corn in the country.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =The Archives of Ontario Celebrates Our Agricultural Past
| work Queen's Printer for Ontario
| publisher =Archives of Ontario
| date = 2006-09-25
| url =http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/ENGLISH/exhibits/agriculture/index.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>
[[Image:Ontario farm.jpg|thumb|right|Ontario farm]]
[[Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk|Lord Selkirk]], founder of the [[Red River Colony]], harvested the first wheat crop in the [[Prairie Provinces|western prairies]] in 1814. [[Red Fife]] wheat was introduced in 1868. [[Swine]] were brought to the Red River colony as early as 1819. The frontier land of southwest [[Alberta]] and southeast [[Saskatchewan]] were opened to [[ranching]] in the 19th century.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Hubner
| first =Brian
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =History of Agriculture in the Prairie Provinces
| work = University of Manitoba Libraries
| publisher =
| date = 998,
| url =http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/archives/exhibits/agric_exper/agric_prairies/history.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> [[Manitoba]] has a combination of mixed grain, livestock, and mixed farming industries in its southernmost areas. [[Cattle ranching]] around [[Lake Manitoba]] is also quite successful. Northern Manitoba consists of extensive lakes and forested geographical areas.<ref>{{cite web
| last =Deveson
| first =Morris
| authorlink =
| coauthors =Bill & Sue-On Hillman Eclectic Studio
| title =Manitoba History: Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame
| work =
| publisher = Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame Inc.
| date =1995-02-28
| url =http://www.mts.net/~agrifame/histormb.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>
The [[Dominion Lands Act|Dominion Land Act of 1872]] offered agricultural pioneers an opportunity to [[Dominion Land Survey|"prove up"]] a quarter [[Section (United States land surveying)|section]] of land (160&nbsp;[[acre]]s/65&nbsp;[[hectare]]s]) in western Canada for a $10.00 filing fee and three years of improvements combined with residence on the land.<ref name=homestead>{{cite web
| last =Adamson
| first =Julia
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Saskatchewan Gen Web Project - Homestead Information
| work =
| publisher =rootsweb
| date =Sun Mar 25 2007
| url =http://www.rootsweb.com/~cansk/Saskatchewan/homestead.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-07}}</ref> Saskatchewan still has cattle ranching along its southwestern corner; [[grain]] farming and crops such as wheat, [[oats]], flax, [[alfalfa]], and [[rapeseed]] (especially [[canola]]) dominate the [[Aspen parkland|parkland area]]. Mixed grain farming, dairy farms, mixed livestock and grazing lands dot the [[Geography of Saskatchewan#Floristic geography Terrain|central lowlands]] region of this prairie province.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Saskatchewan Agricultural Hall of Fame
| work =
| publisher =zu.com communications inc.
| date =2006
| url =http://www.sahf.ca/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>


* I can't conjure up the math right now, but I'd recognize it if I saw it. The .25% only applies to a 30-year loan that is compounded monthly. (I've also heard that the amount is actually closer to 0.125%)<br>Anyways, the concept behind it is that each point reduces the bank's net money loaned. If the bank loans $100,000 and the borrower pays 2 points ($2000) upfront, the bank effectively just loaned $98,000, even though the loan's face value (and the value upon which interest is charged) remains $100,000. Let's just say the loan was issued at a 7% rate (compounded monthly), and then after the discount points were taken into account, it fell to 6.5% (still calculated in relation to the $100,000 principal). The monthly payments corresponding to 6.5% of $100,000 are roughly equivalent to the monthly payments corresponding to 7% of $98,000, so the borrower is effectively paying 7% on the net principal loaned ($98,000). Instead of treating the loan as a $98,000 loan at 7%, the loan is treated as a $100,000 loan at 6.5%. If you have any questions, ask me on my talk page. I'm sure I could provide a better illustration if I had to. [[User:Davemcarlson|Davemcarlson]] 05:18, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
[[Alberta]] is renowned still for its [[Cowboy|stampedes]], and cattle ranching is a main industry. The agricultural industry is supplemented by livestock and mixed farming and wheat crops. Alberta is the second largest producer of [[wheat]] in Canada. Grain and dairying also play a role in the livelihoods of Alberta farmers.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =Government of Alberta
| coauthors =http://www.gov.ab.ca/
| title =Alberta Agriculture and Food : Home Page
| work =
| publisher =
| date =
| url =http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/app21/rtw/index.jsp
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate =2007-04-10 }}</ref>
[[Image:Grain Elevator 047.jpg|thumb|left|Grain Elevators]]
The open parkland area extends across the three prairie provinces: Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Canada's production of wheat, oats, flaxseed, and barley come mainly from this area. [[Meat processing]] is the largest industry here, followed by dairy production, breweries, and the subsidiary industry of agricultural implements.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =History of Agriculture in the Prairie Provinces
| work =Archives of the Agricultural Experience
| publisher =University of Manitoba Archives Special Collections, the Libraries
| date =1998
| url =http://www.umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/exhibits/agric_exper/agric_prairies/history.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate =2007-04-10 }}</ref>


[[British Columbia]] is covered in highlands; its eastern boundary is the [[Rocky Mountains]]. Livestock, cattle ranches, fruit farming and dairying dot the province. Agriculture and [[fisheries]] are a small contribution industry over shadowed by construction and forestry.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries
| work =
| publisher =
| date =2007-03-16
| url =http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/fisheries/index.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>


* Quick fix. I removed the disputed tag after moving appropriate text to origination fee. Created discount point article to redirect here (now I'm thinking it should probably be the other way around. As this was a quick fix, I'm leaving expert tags on both articles. - Ent
Agricultural production in British Columbia supplied the gold rush industry, mining and logging industries. Agricultural producers relied on these local markets, following the economic boom and bust of each enterprise respectively. The British Columbia Fruit-Growers' Association was established in 1889 to foster an export market of this commodity.<ref>{{cite web
| last = Dick
| first = Lyle
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Taylor, Jeff
| title =British Columbia. Agriculture, History of
| work = The Canadian Encyclopaedia
| publisher = Historica Foundation of Canada
| date = 2008
| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1SEC895095
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-28}}</ref> The [[Canada Agriculture Museum]] preserves Canadian agricultural history. <ref name=museum>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Canada Agriculture Museum - Splash Page - Musée de l'agriculture
| work = Canada Science and Technology Museum Corporation
| publisher = Ottawa, Canada
| date =
| url = http://www.agriculture.technomuses.ca/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate =2008-01-29}}</ref>
[[Image:CEF Agricultural Museum.jpg|thumb|right|[[Canada Agriculture Museum]]]]


== Requested move ==
==Major agricultural products==
[[Point (mortgage)]] → [[Discount point]] — Article generally refers to the concept as "discount point" and states that the two are interchangeable. Also, using the longer name helps to differentiate from [[basis point]]. [[User:MrZaius|<font color="Blue">'''MrZaius'''</font>]]<sup>[[User talk:MrZaius|'''<font color="Blue">talk</font>''']]</sup> 12:42, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
{{see also|Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada}}


'''No opinion''': this approach to me seems incorrect - that is, deciding what to call it. References are needed. If it is simply called points (as I recall), then Point (mortgage). If it is referred to professionally as Discount point, then the answer is obvious.--[[User:Gregalton|Gregalton]] 18:51, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
Agriculture in Canada comprises five main agricultural production sectors of commodity production resulting in farm cash receipts from both domestic and foreign markets.
{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:20px;"
|+'''Five Largest Agricultural Production Sectors.'''<ref name=production>{{Citation
| last =Canadian Federation of Agriculture
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title = CFA - Canadian Federation of Agriculture - Commodities
| date =©2007
| year =
| url =http://www.cfa-fca.ca/pages/index.php?main_id=25
| accessdate = 2007-04-06 }} </reF>
!align=left|Sector
!per cent cash receipt
!Primary market
|-
|align=left|grains and oilseeds<BR>(wheat, durum, oats, barley, rye, flax seed, canola, soybeans, and corn)
|34%
|domestic and export
|-
|align=left|red meats - [[livestock]]<BR>(beef cattle, hogs, veal, and lamb)
|27%
|domestic and export
|-
|align=left|dairy
|12%
|domestic
|-
|align=left|horticulture
|9%
|domestic
|-
|align=left|poultry and eggs
|8%
|domestic
|}
Various factors affect the socio-economic characteristics of Canadian agriculture.[[Image:Alberta modern cement grain elevator 034.jpg|thumb|right|Alberta modern cement grain elevator]]
{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:20px;"
|+'''Agricultural analytical factors'''<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = 2006 Census of Agriculture Highlights and analyses
| work = Statistics Canada
| publisher = Government of Canada
| date = 007-10-26
| url = http://www.statcan.ca/english/agcensus2006/highlights.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-06}}</reF>
|-
|Quantity and type of farms
|-
|Biogeography: crop and land use areas; land management practices
|-
|Quantity of livestock and poultry
|-
|Agricultural engineering: Farm machinery and equipment
|-
|Farm capital
|-
|Farm operating expenses and receipts
|-
|Farm-related injuries
|}
===Crops===
{{see also|Canadian Grain Commission|Canadian Wheat Board}}
[[Image:Wheat close-up.JPG|thumb|right|Wheat head close up view]]
In 1925, Saskatchewan produced over half of the wheat in the Dominion of Canada, threshing in excess of 240,000,000 [[bushel]]s (6,500,000&nbsp;[[metric ton|t]]) of wheat. <ref name=saskwheat>{{Citation
| last =Adamson
| first =J
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =1926 Highway Map: Province of Saskatchewan
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.rootsweb.com/~canmaps/1926/v.html
| accessdate = 2006-11-29 }} </ref> North America has led other international continents as the main producer of wheat in total world production. [[Rapeseed]], [[alfalfa]], [[barley]], [[canola]], [[flax]], [[rye]], and [[oats]] are other popularly grown grain crops.


''It was [[wikipedia:requested moves|requested]] that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it be moved.'' --[[User:Stemonitis|Stemonitis]] 14:53, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
Wheat is a staple crop from Canada. To help homesteaders attain an abundance harvest in a foreshortened growing season, varieties of wheat were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century. Red Fife was the first strain; it was a wheat which could be seeded in the fall and sprout in the early spring. Red Fife ripened nearly two weeks sooner and was a harder wheat than other spring wheats. Dr. C. Saunders, experimented further with Red Fife, and developed Marquis Wheat, which was resistant to rust and came to maturity within 100 days. Some other types of wheat grown are [[durum]], [[spelt]], and [[winter wheat]].<ref name=wheat>{{cite web
| last =Symko
| first = Stephan
| authorlink =
| coauthors =©Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada
| title =From a single seed Tracing the Marquis wheat success story in Canada to its roots in the poop | work =Cat. No. A22-197/1999E-IN ISBN 0-662-28145-4
| publisher = Research Branch Agriculture and Agri Food Canada
| date = 2003-08-27
| url =http://res2.agr.ca/publications/marquis/page09_e.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>


== When is the money paid for points regained? ==
The [[Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration|Prairie Farm Rehabilitation]] was established in 1935 to provide Federal financial assistance in regards to land and water resources such as irrigation, soil drifting conservation and small farm water development. The [[Farm Credit Canada|Farm credit]] program has established the Canadian Farm Loan Act to provide mortgage credit and farm improvement loans. <Ref name="YearBook"/>
===Horticulture===


The article computes the number of months after which the money paid for points is regained, that is, the total savings in ''monthly payments'' because of points becomes equal to the money paid for points. It comes out to be 3.94 years in the example used and the article warns "If you leave the house before 3.94 years, you wasted money".
[[Image:Wfa011b.jpg|thumb|left|Vegetable Displays]]
[[Horticulture]] which includes garden crops, and fruits became easier to grow with the development of plant [[hardiness zone]]s.<ref name=hardiness>{{Citation
| last = Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =National Land and Water Information Service Plant Hardiness Zones in Canada
| date =
| year =
| url =http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/climate/hardiness/intro.html
| accessdate =2006-11-28 }} </ref>
[[Apple]]s, [[pear]]s, [[plum]]s and [[prune (fruit)|prunes]], [[peach]]es, [[apricot]]s, [[cherry|cherries]], [[strawberries]], [[raspberries]], [[loganberry|loganberries]] and fruit orchards are numerous and reach commercial size in the [[Annapolis Valley]] of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, [[Niagara Peninsula]] and [[Norfolk County, Ontario|Norfolk County]] of Ontario and [[Okanagan Valley]] <ref name=okanagan>{{cite web
| last =Sage Internet Solutions.
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada
| work =
| publisher = Shangaan Webservices Inc.
| date =(c) 1998 - 2006
| url =http://www.okanaganbritishcolumbia.com/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref> of [[British Columbia]].


This is not the correct way to compute the time after which the money paid for points is regained, because each monthly payment consists of an interest payment and a payment towards the principal. There is no way to save on the principal as the whole principal has to be paid off eventually. Any savings is possible only in the interest payments. So, the correct way to find out when the money paid for points is regained, is to find the number of months after which the savings in the ''cumulative interest'' paid becomes equal to the money paid for points. At that time, the money paid for points is regained.
[[Hazelnut]]s are harvested in [[Eastern Canada]] and British Columbia<ref name=nut>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Canadian Biodiversity: Species: Plants: European hazel or hazelnut
| work =Canadian Biodiversity Web Site
| publisher =Redpath Museum, McGill University
| date =
| url =http://canadianbiodiversity.mcgill.ca/english/species/plants/plantpages/cor_ave.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>. [[Maple syrup]] and maple sugar, maple butter, and maple taffy are products of Quebec along the [[St. Lawrence River]]. The main market for Canadian maple syrup and sugar is the United States <ref name=maple>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =New Media, Digital Archives
| title =Canadian maple syrup - A Taste of Canada: Our Homegrown Cuisine - CBC Archives
| work =
| publisher =Canaian Broadcasting Corporation
| date =2004-06-25 Broadcast Dec. 13, 1978
| url =http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-69-1371-8371/life_society/canadian_food/clip4
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = }}</reF>Potatoes are an abundant harvest of the [[Maritimes|Maritime provinces]]<ref name=potato>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =Web Site Advantage
| title =PEI Potatoes! Prince Edward Island Potato Board - Why PEI Potatoes ...
| work =
| publisher =PEI Potato Board
| date =2003-07-08
| url =http://www.peipotato.org/why_pei.asp
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10}}</ref>. [[Tobacco]] is an agricultural commodity from the [[Ontario tobacco belt]], in particular Norfolk County, adjacent to [[Lake Erie]] and Quebec. <ref name=beet>{{cite web
| last =SEYMOUR
| first =C.M.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =Revised: PHILIP GORDON
| title =Tobacco-Products Industry
| work =© 2007 Historica Foundation of Canada.
| publisher =The Canadian Encyclopedia
| date =
| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008029
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref> [[Sugar beet]]s and beet root sugar are harvested in Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, and Alberta.<ref name=special>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Special Crops
| work =Canada's Sugar Beet Industry
| publisher =Government of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, special Crops
| date =2007-04-08
| url =http://www.agr.gc.ca/misb/spec/index_e.php?s1=bet&page=intro
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>


Running the figures in the example used in the article ($100,000, 30 years; 6% without points, 5.5% with $1500 paid in points), in an amortization calculator that shows the cumulative interest paid (I used [http://www.bankrate.com/gookeyword/mortgage-calculator.asp]) we find that after 36 months, the cumulative interest paid without points is $17667.89, but with points it is only $16166.89, a savings of $1501 in interest payments. The $1500 paid for the points will be regained after just 3 years, not 3.94 years mentioned in the article.
===Viticulture===
[[Viticulture]] refers to the growing of [[grape]]s. Grapes require a mild winter season, which can be found in some Maritime locations, southern British Columbia, and locations on the Niagara Peninsula.<ref name=grape>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =The Atlas of Canada - Grape Area in Production, 2001
| work =
| publisher =Natural Resources Canada
| date =2004-09-02
| url =http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/economic/agriculture/agriculture2001/grapes
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref> <ref name=grape>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = grapes The Atlas of Canada - Grape Area in Production, 2001]
| work = Home » Explore Our Maps » Economy » Agriculture » Agriculture at a Glance, 2001
| publisher = Natural Resources Canada
| date =
| url = http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/maps/economic/agriculture/agriculture2001/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate =2006-11-28}}</ref>


If my calculation is not correct, I'd appreciate it if some one can let me know why. Thanks.
===Livestock===
[[Image:Wfa017.jpg|thumb|right|Prize Bull]]
115,000 cattle roamed the southern prairies by 1900.
[[Livestock]] can include the raising of cows, also commonly called [[cattle]]. Recently domestication of the [[American Bison|buffalo]] <ref name=bison>{{cite web
| last =Torsten
| first =Bernhardt
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Canadian Biodiversity: Wood bison
| work =Wood bison
| publisher =Redpath Museum, McGill University
| date =
| url =http://biology.mcgill.ca/undergra/c465a/biodiver/2001/wood-bison/wood-bison.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref>and [[elk]]<ref name=elk>{{cite web
| last =Thorleifson
| first =Ian
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Elk on a beef farm
| work =
| publisher =Deerfarmer
| date =2003-07-24, 20:38
| url =http://www.deer-library.com/artman/publish/article_40.shtml
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref> has initiated a new food industry. [[Sheep]] have been raised for both wool and meat. <ref name=sheep>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Canadian Sheep Breeders' Association
| work =
| publisher =© 2007 BC Sheep Federation
| date =2007-01-29
| url =http://www.bcsheepfed.com/
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = }}</ref> Bovine or pig barns have been a part of livestock culture.<Ref name=pig>{{cite web
| last =BLAIR
| first =R.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Pig Farming
| work =© 2007 Historica Foundation of Canada.
| publisher =The Canadian Encyclopedia
| date =
| url =http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003805
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }}</ref> Scientists have been making forward steps in swine research giving rise to [[intensive pig farming]]. The [[domestication]] of various farm animals meant that corresponding industries such as [[feedlot]]s, [[animal husbandry]] and [[meat processing]] have also been studied, and developed.


[[User:Aronz|AronZ]] ([[User talk:Aronz|talk]]) 04:09, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
===Dairy, poultry and eggs===
{{see also|National Farm Products Council}}
[[Image:Chickens eating.jpg|thumb|left|Chickens pecking at feed]]
[[Fowl]], [[poultry]], [[egg (food)|eggs]], [[chickens]], [[geese]], [[ducks]] and [[turkeys]] are part of a supply-managed system, ensuring production matches demand.<ref>{{Citation
| last =Canadian Federation of Agriculture
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =CFA - Canadian Federation of Agriculture - Commodities
| date =©2007
| year =
| url =http://www.cfa-fca.ca/pages/index.php?main_id=25
| accessdate = }}</ref><ref name=poultry>{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =Poultry Marketplace - Poultry at a glance
| work =Agriculture and Agrifood Canada
| publisher =Government of Canada
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.agr.gc.ca/poultry/glpl_e.htm
| accessdate = 2008-11-28 }}</ref>


== Correction needed to the origination fee paragraphs too ==
[[Dairy]] producing is also termed [[dairy farming]].<ref name=dairy>{{Citation
| last = Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
| first =Canadian Dairy Commission
| author-link =
| last2 =Dairy Farmers of Canada
| first2 =Dairy Processors Association of Canada.
| author2-link =
| title =Canadian Dairy Information Centre Centre Canadien
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.dairyinfo.gc.ca/
| accessdate = 2006-11-28 }}</ref> [[Butter]] production in Canada was on average 330,000,000&nbsp;[[pound (mass)|pounds]] (150,000&nbsp;[[metric ton|t]]) in the 1940s; and [[cheese]] production between 95,000,000 pounds and 208,000,000 pounds (43,000&nbsp;t to 94,000&nbsp;t) in that same time. The United Kingdom received 50,000,000 pounds (23,000&nbsp;t) in 1949.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Canada Year Book 1951 The Official Statistical Annual of the Resources, History, Institutions, and Social and Economic Conditions of Canada | publisher=King's Printer and Controller of Stationery | year=1951 |editor=Cloutier, Edmond | ISBN=0-7715-8268-4 }}</ref>


Looks like a similar correction is needed for the paragraph about the origination fee also.
The Canadian Dairy Commission Act was passed in 1966 by the Canadian federal Government<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = The Canadian Dairy Commission Act was proclaimed. Supply ...
| work = Canadian Dairy Commission
| publisher = Government of Canada
| date = 2000-01-20
| url = http://www.cdc-ccl.gc.ca/DCPCDC/app/filerepository/4F4F2F3B066D434C830B026AF00F95E3.pdf
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-16}}</ref> {{Quotation|to provide efficient producers of milk and cream with the opportunity of obtaining a fair return for their labor and investment and to provide consumers with a continuous and adequate supply of dairy products of high quality.|Canadian Dairy Commission<ref>{{cite web
| title = Canadian Dairy Commission / Commission canadienne du lait
| work = Canadian Dairy Commission
| publisher = Government of Canada
| date = 2006-04-07
| url =http://www.cdc.ca/CDC/index_en.asp?caId=123&pgId=2217
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-16}}</ref> }}. In the 1970s the supply management system came into effect to regulate supply of milk, poultry and egg to meet consumer demand. The collective marketing ensures that imports are limited in areas where product can be supplied domestically. The federal government imposed pricing policies to safeguard the producer's livelihood.<ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = WTO and Agriculture — Supply management
| work = G05
| publisher = GO5 Coalition for a Fair Farming Model, Supply Management
| date = 2008
| url = http://www.go5quebec.ca/en/gestion.php
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2008-01-16}}</ref>
===Other===
In recent years farmers are producing alternative crops which are economically viable, and amongst these are [[organic farming|organic farm]] crops. [[Hemp]] and wool from [[sheep]] are the main areas of fiber production of Canada. [[Wool]] production was on average 16,022,000 pounds (7,267&nbsp;t) in the 1930s and 9,835,000 pounds] (4,461&nbsp;t) in 1949. <ref>{{cite book | title=The Canada Year Book 1951 The Official Statistical Annual of the Resources, History, Institutions, and Social and Economic Conditions of Canada | publisher=King's Printer and Controller of Stationery | year=1951 |editor=Cloutier, Edmond | ISBN=0-7715-8268-4 }}</ref> Fibre [[flax]] from flaxseed has been exported to the United Kingdom. Crop growers may supplement their income with [[beeswax]] and [[honey]] and learn [[beekeeping]] which is overseen by the apiary branch. Enterprising land owners have had success growing as well as packaging and marketing the [[sunflower seed]]. Crops are not only for human consumption but also for animal consumption, which opens a new market such as canary seed. [[Cuniculture]], or rabbit farming are a new grocery alternative to the red meat burger. [[Cannabis]] is an important crop in some areas, making up 5% of British Columbia's [[GDP]]. According to [[BC Business Magazine]], the crop is worth $7.5 billion to the province annually, and gives employment to 250,000 people [http://www.bcmarijuanaparty.com/index.php?n=BCMPBlog.2008-05-17]. Québec produces an even bigger crop.


[[User:Aronz|AronZ]] ([[User talk:Aronz|talk]]) 04:09, 24 December 2007 (UTC)
==Canadian agricultural government departments==
The Department of Agriculture set out in the [[British North America Act]] (B.N.A.) of 1867 states each province may have jurisdiction over agricultural concerns, as well as the Dominion Government may also make law in regards to agriculture. Newfoundland agricultural affairs were dealt with by the Agricultural Division of the Department of Natural Resources at Confederation.<ref name="Year"/>


The B.N.A. Act states that the federal Government has sole authority in coastal and inland fishery matters. Provinces have rights over non-tidal waters and fishing practices there only.<ref name="Year"/>


The payback period calculation is not a valid financial measure and should be struck all together. This is because payback period ignores the most fundamental of finance concepts: the time value of money. If you calculated payback period using the present value of future interest payments, that would help. A second, yet separate, item to keep in mind is that your future pricipal payments will be different as will the amount of profit that you'll make on selling the property before the mortgage is held to its full life (which is usually the case). A third item is that paying points may exclude the borrow from taking advantage of future interest rate decreases. For example, the zero-point borrower may refinance his mortgage if rates drop, but the point payer has to wait for rates to drop a lot more before it's advantageous for him to refinance. If the rate decrease is modest, then the point payer may never be able to refi whereas the zero-point payer can. This entire article should be rewritten. <small>—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/144.9.56.131|144.9.56.131]] ([[User talk:144.9.56.131|talk]]) 15:28, 1 February 2008 (UTC)</small><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:20px;"
|+'''Canadian agricultural government departments'''
!align=left|Department
|Function
|-
|[[Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada]]
|Responsible for policies governing [[agriculture]] production, [[farming]] income, [[research]] and [[New product development|development]], [[inspection]], and the regulation of [[animal]]s and [[plants]]. Headed by the [[Minister of Agriculture (Canada)]].
|-
|[[Canadian Dairy Commission]]
|Responsible for providing [[dairy]] producers a fair return for labor and investment and provide consumers with high quality [[dairy product]]s.
|-
|[[Canadian Food Inspection Agency]]
|CFIA consolidates the delivery of all federal [[food]], [[animal]] and [[plant health]] [[inspection]] programs.
|-
|[[Canadian Grain Commission]]
|Responsible for the [[cereal|grain]] industry. Headed by the [[Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food (Canada)|Minister of Agriculture and Agri-food]]
|-
|[[Canadian Wheat Board]]
|The CWB is a producer [[marketing]] system for [[wheat]] and [[barley]]
|-
|[[Fisheries and Oceans Canada]]
|Responsibility for the conservation and sustainable use of Canada's fisheries resources.
|-
|[[National Farm Products Council]]
|Responsible for promoting efficient and competitive [[agriculture in Canada|agriculture]] and oversees the Canadian Egg Marketing Agency, Canadian Turkey Marketing Agency, Chicken Farmers of Canada and Canada Hatching Egg Producers.
|}


{{archive}}
==Agricultural economy==
{{see also|Crow Rate|Western Economic Diversification Canada}}
Canadian [[farms]], [[fisheries]] and [[ranches]] produce a wide variety of [[crops]], [[livestock]], [[food]], [[fodder|feed]], [[fibre|fiber]], [[fuel]] and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals which are dependent upon the geography of the province. In 2001 farms numbered only 246,923 at a size of 676&nbsp;acres (2.74&nbsp;km²) as the production of food and fiber for human or livestock sustenance has evolved into intensive and industrial practices.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/020515/td020515.htm | author = Statistics Canada |authorlink =Statistics Canada| title = 2001 Census of Agriculture - Canadian farm operations in the 21st century | accessdate = 2007-01-08}}</ref><ref name="FarmingCanada"/>As of 2002, [[wheat]] constituted the largest crop area at 12.6%. Canadian farmers received a record $36.3 billion in 2001 from livestock, crop sales and program payments.<ref name=economy>{{Citation
| last =Statistics Canada
| first =The Canada e-Book
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =The Economy Statistics Canada
| date = 2004-08-26
| year =
| url =http://www43.statcan.ca/03/03b/03b_002_e.htm
| accessdate = 2007-04-07 }}</ref> In 2001, the accrued net income of farm operators from farm production amounted to 1,633 million dollars, which amounts to 0.147% of Canada's [[gross domestic product]] at market prices which is 1,108,200 million dollars. <ref name="FarmingCanada"/> [[Fisheries]] are also playing an important role while [[forestry]] plays a secondary role. Canada's evolution has abandoned [[subsistence economy|subsistence techniques]] and now sees a mere 3% of Canada's population employed as a mechanized industrial farmer who are able feed the rest of the nation's population of 30,689.0 thousand people (2001) as well as export to foreign markets.<ref>{{Citation
| last =Statistics Canada
| first =The Canada e-Book
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =The Population Statistics Canada
| date =
| year =
| url =http://142.206.72.67/02/02a/02a_000_e.htm#t01
| accessdate = 2007-04-07 }} </ref>. (Canada's estimated population was 32,777,300 on [[January 1]] [[2007]].<ref>{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =The Daily, Thursday, March 29, 2007. Canada's population estimates
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/070329/d070329b.htm
| accessdate = 2007-04-07 }} </ref>

==Trade==
The marketing and economic movement of Canada's various agriculture commodities has been a challenge. Domestic trade encompasses providing goods within Canada provincially and inter-provincial. Support agencies and services such as storage, railways, warehouses, stores, banking institutions all effect domestic trade. Trade of wheat from the 'Bread basket of the World' or Canada's prairies are monitored by the [[Canadian Wheat Board]]. Canada's depression of 1882-1897 brought a low of 64¼ cents per bushel ($24/t) as of 1893. This era during Laurier's administration saw thousands of homesteads cancelled. Wheat prices soared during [[World War I]]. In 1928, Canada exported high quantities of wheat, flour, and goods. The [[Great Depression in Canada|depression]] took its toll on Canada as [[Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years|exports]] sunk to approximately 40% of their 1928 amount. European markets stopped needing to import Canadian wheat as they started growing their own varieties, and then [[World War II]] events put a blockade on trade to European markets. Canada became more of an industrial entity during the time of this industrial revolution, and less of an agricultural nation. Following World War II the United Kingdom entered into contract for a large amount of agricultural commodities such as bacon, cheese, wheat, oats and barley. After the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]] is Canada's largest external trade partner. Between 1943 and 1953, the average export of Canadian wheat was 347,200,000 bushels (9,449,000 t). <Ref>{{cite book | title=A Historical Atlas of Canada | publisher=Thomas Nelson and Sons (Canada) Ltd. | year=1959 | editor=Kerr, D.G.G. | }}</ref> The three year International Wheat Agreement of 1955, included exports of wheat or flour to 28 of 44 importing countries including [[Germany]], [[Japan]], [[Belgium]], UK, and the [[Netherlands]].<Ref >[{{cite book | title=A Historical Atlas of Canada | publisher=Thomas Nelson and Sons (Canada) Ltd. | year=1959 | editor=Kerr, D.G.G. | }}</ref><ref name="YearBook"> {{cite book | title=Canada 1956 The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress | publisher=Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa. | year=1956 | editor=Cloutier, Edmond | }}</ref>

==Agribusiness==
[[Agribusiness]] are activities of food and fibre production and processing which are not part of the farm operation. This would include the production of farm equipment and fertilizers to aid farm production. <ref Name="Micro">{{cite encyclopedia
| title =agribusiness
| encyclopedia =Encyclopedia Britannica Micropaedia
| volume = 1
| pages = 153-154
| publisher = Encyclopedia Britannica Inc.
| location = Chicago
| date = 1985
| url =
| accessdate = 2008-02-01}}</ref> Agribusiness also includes the firms that purchase the raw goods from the farm for further processing. The meat packing industry, flour mill, and canning industry would be included in the agribusiness sector processing farm products. <ref name="Canadian">{{cite encyclopedia
| last =Moncrieff
| first = P.M.
| title =Agribusiness
| encyclopedia = The Canadian Encyclopedia Britannica
| volume = 1 A-For
| pages = 17
| publisher = Hurtig Publishers
| location = Edmonton
| date = 1985
| url =
| accessdate = 2008-02-01 }} </ref>

==Industry categories ==
According to Agriculture and Food Canada, these are the classifications of Canadian Agriculture Industries.<ref name=factsheet>{{Citation
| last =
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =Canada's Agriculture, Food and Beverage Industry - Factsheets
| date =
| year =
| url =http://ats.agr.ca/supply/factsheet-e.htm
| accessdate = 2006-11-28}} </ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:20px;"
|+'''Canadian Agriculture Industries'''
!align=left|Industry
|Mainstay
|-
|[[Brewery]] industry
| Comprises two large national beer producing companies: [[Labatt|Labatt Breweries of Canada]] and [[Molson|Molson Canada Breweries]]<ref >{{Citation
| title =Brewing Industry
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000980
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Buckwheat]] industry
|Buckwheat flour is used for pancake mixes and pasta. Buckwheat is exported mainly to Japan. Majority of this specialty crop grown in [[Manitoba]] <ref >{{Citation
| title =BUCKWHEAT PRODUCTION IN CANADA Market Report
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/specialcrops/pdf/bib03s01.pdf
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Canary seed]] industry
|In 2005, Canada produced 77% of the world canary seed production. Saskatchewan soils were conducive to bird seed production.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Canary Seed > Pulses and Special Crops > Producers
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?id=1174582426353&lang=e
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|Confectionery and [[chewing gum]] industry
|Sugar and cocoa are imported for this industry which has foreign owned firms operating in Canada. Various candies amounting to $1.48 billion were shipped in 1997. <ref >{{Citation
| last =Barratt
| first =Robert F.
| title =Confectionery Industry
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?id=1174582426353&lang=e
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Dairy industry]]
|In the Canadian agri-food economy the dairy industry is the third largest.<ref >{{Citation
| last = Werry, Marlene - Client Account Officer/OMAFRA
| title =A Snapshot of the Canadian Dairy Industry
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/dairy/facts/snapshot.htm
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|Dairy genetics industry
|The Canadian Record of Performance R.O.P. program discovers dairy cattle of high producing milk capacities. Cattle qualities are monitored by the Canadian Dairy Herd Improvement milk producing agency.(Canadian DHI).<ref >{{Citation
| title =A Snapshot of the Canadian Dairy Industry
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/livestock/dairy/facts/snapshot.htm
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Distillery]] industry
|Canadian whisky made from rye and corn is the main aspect of this Canadian industry. The distillery industry also includes production of whisky, rum, vodka, gin, liqueurs, spirit coolers and basic ethyl alcohol.<ref >{{Citation
| title =The Canadian Distillery Industry > Agri-Industries
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?id=1171995761751&lang=e
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Egg (food)|Egg]] industry
|Evolved into an automated industry producing table eggs, enzymes, breaker eggs, processed foods, and supporting pullet producers, egg laying chicken (layers) producers and graders.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Poultry Marketplace
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.agr.gc.ca/poultry/preg-proe_e.htm
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Fish]] and [[seafood]] industry
|This industry produces CDN $5 billion a year. The world's fourth-largest exporter of fish is Canada, from the Atlantic fishery, Pacific fishery and aquaculture sector. <ref >{{Citation
| title =Canada's Fish and Seafood Industry
| date =
| year =
| url =http://atn-riae.agr.ca/seafood/industry-e.htm
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Fodder|Forage]] industry
|This industry comprises feed for livestock, cattle, sheep and horses. Hay if the main forage crop, supplemented by alfalfa, cereals, peas and corn. Besides domestic markets, exports from Canada arrive at Pacific Rim Countries.<ref >{{Citation
| title = Forage
| date =
| year =
| url =http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/A27-18-14-7E.pdf
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Fruit]] industry
|Tree fruit grower crops consist of apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, and sweet cherry, followed by wine grape acreages. The industry supports fresh, canned, frozen and preserved fruits as well as food production.<ref > {{Citation
|last=Barratt
|first=Robert
| title =Fruit Growers News
| year =2007
| url =http://www.fruitgrowersnews.com/pages/2003/issue03_11/03_11_BCfruit.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref> Tree fruit grower crops consist of apples, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, nectarines, and sweet cherry, followed by wine grape acreages. The industry supports fresh, canned, frozen and preserved fruits as well as food production.<ref > {{Citation
|last=Barratt
|first=Robert
| title =Fruit Growers News
| year =2007
| url =http://www.fruitgrowersnews.com/pages/2003/issue03_11/03_11_BCfruit.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref><ref>{{Citation
|last=Barratt
|first=Robert
| title =Fruit and Vegetable Industry
| date =
|work= The Canadian Encyclopedia
|publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada.
| year =2007
| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003089
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|Grains and oilseeds industry
|Wheat, barley and oats are Canada's grain exports. Canola, soybean and flaxseed are the main oilseed exports.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Canada’s
|work= Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
|publisher=Government of Canada
| date =2006-05-23
| year =
| url =http://www.strategis.gc.ca/canadian_industry_statistics/cis.nsf/IDE/cis3112gdpe.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|Grain-based products industry
|Grain and oilseed production supports flour milling, malt manufacturing, starch, vegetable fat and oil manufacturing as well as breakfast cereal manufacturing<ref >{{Citation
| title =GDP - NAICS 3112 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Grain and Oilseed Milling
|work= Industry Canada
|publisher=Government of Canada
| date =2006-05-23
| year =
| url =http://www.strategis.gc.ca/canadian_industry_statistics/cis.nsf/IDE/cis3112gdpe.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Hemp]] industry
|Spin off industries from Hemp production include aromatherapy, commercial oil paints, cosmetics, edible oil, garments and accessories, hemp meal and flour, snack foods, shampoo and conditioners, and moisturizers.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Industrial Hemp Production in Canada
| work =Alberta Agriculture and food
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/econ9631
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Honey]] industry
|Beeswax produces cosmetics, ointments, candles and household waxes. A diet supplement is made from bee pollen. Propolis and royal jelly is used in cosmetics, creams, lotions, tonics and lip balms. Honey is a sweetener for domestic use or commercial food production. <ref >{{Citation
| title =Commercial Honey Industry
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/agdex2743
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Industrial agriculture (animals)]]
|[[Factory farming]], [[Intensive pig farming]], [[Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture]], and [[shrimp farm]]ing are various forms of industrial agriculture which aims at [[mass production]]
|-
|[[Industrial agriculture]]
|Includes [[innovation]] in agricultural machinery and farming methods, [[genetic engineering|genetic technology]], techniques for achieving [[economies of scale]] in production, the creation of new markets for consumption, the application of [[patent]] protection to genetic information, and [[Globalization|global trade]]
|-
|[[Maple syrup]] industry
|Maple syrup can be used to make maple sugar, maple butter, maple taffy as well as a sweetener. <ref >{{Citation
| title =The Maple Syrup Industry in Ontario: Answers to Commonly Asked ...
|work= Government of Ontario
|publisher=Queen's Printer for Ontario
| date = 2007
| year =
| url =http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/maple.htm
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Mustard seed]] industry
|Yellow mustard is the highest export, closely followed by brown and oriental mustards. 2007 saw an increase in mustard seed prices.<ref >{{Citation
| title =food Inustry News. Canada Mustard-Seed Price Rises Sharply on Lower Output (DJ)
| date =Friday, 18 January 2008, 18:14
| year =
| url =http://www.flex-news-food.com/pages/11747/Canada/Ingredients/canada_mustard_seed_price_rises_sharply_lower_output_dj.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[organic farming|Organic]] industry
|Operational certification and standards are challenges for the growing organic farming industry. Organic farming with biodynamics and without synthetic chemicals provides the consumer a holistic plant and animal food choice. <ref >{{Citation
| title =Organic Farming in Canada: An Overview (PRB 00-29E)
|work= Parliamentary Research Branch
|publisher=Government of Canada
| date =2002-10-24
| year =
| url =http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/prb0029-e.htm
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Potato]] industry
|Potato Innovation Network (PIN) 2020 was initiated in 2006 to support development of new markets, and new uses for potatoes in market diversification.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Canada Potato News - Agriculture Industry Today News release AAFC HELPS LAUNCH POTATO INNOVATION NETWORK
|work= Parliamentary Research Branch
|publisher=Government of Canada
| date =July 21, 2006
| year =
| url =http://www.agr.gc.ca/cb/index_e.php?s1=n&s2=2006&page=n60721
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Poultry]] industry
|Avian Influenza ("Bird Flu") is the latest concern in the poultry industry however disease precautions are in place if this strain arrives in Canada. <ref >{{Citation
| title =http://www.poultryindustrycouncil.ca/
|work=
|publisher= Poultry Industry Council of Canada.
| date = 2006
| year =
| url =http://www.poultryindustrycouncil.ca/
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|Processed fruit and vegetable industry
|Processing of fruits and vegetables includes consumer products of canned, cider, frozen, jams, jellies and marmalades, pickles, sauces, soups, vegetable and fruit juices and vinegar.<ref>{{Citation
|last=Barratt
|first=Robert
| title =Fruit and Vegetable Industry
| date =
|work= The Canadian Encyclopedia
|publisher=Historica Foundation of Canada.
| year =2007
| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003089
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Pulse]] industry
|Beans, chickpeas, faba beans, and lentils comprise the pulse industry. Peas soup, and baked beans are large production processes from pulse growth. The world's largest pulse exporter is Canada.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Pulse Industry | Saskatchewan Pulse Growers
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.saskpulse.com/industry/index.php
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Red meat]] industry
|This is Canada's fourth major manufacturing industry. Cattle, calves, hogs, sheep, lambs, venison, bison are all domesticated for red meat export and domestic consumption. <ref >{{Citation
| title = All about Canada's red meat industry
|work= Agriculture and Agri food Canada
|publisher=Government of Canada
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www4.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/pdf/factsheet06.pdf
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Seed]] industry
|Seed growers, field inspectors, registered seed establishments, seed trial plots, and seed retailers are the mainstays of seed production.<ref >{{Citation
| title =The Seed Industry –
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.seedquest.com/hosting/germination/sharingthemessage/seed_industry.pdf
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|Snack food industry
|Cereal grains, cornmeal, nuts, oils , potatoes, and seeds are the major ingredients of snack foods such as potato chips, mixed nuts, peanut butter, pork rinds, and seed snacks.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Canada’s
| date =
| year =
| url =http://atn-riae.agr.ca/supply/factsheets/3320_e.pdf
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Sunflower seed]] industry
|About 80 per cent sunflowers grown in Canada are sold as roasted snack sunflower seeds or without the shell for baking. The main consumer is domestic. Birdfeed and sunflower vegetable oils are smaller markets which are being developed.<ref >{{Citation
| title =National Sunflower Association of Canada Inc.
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.canadasunflower.com/research-statistics.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Vegetable]] industry
|The edible portion of a plant is a vegetable. Vegetables can be marketed fresh or as part of the processed fruit and vegetable industry. The greenhouse vegetable industry supports the field vegetable farmer.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture: Vegetable Industry
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.gov.pe.ca/af/agweb/index.php3?number=79744
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|-
|[[Wine]] industry
|Canadian vintners producing wines with unique aromas, aging characteristics and flavors bring in international awards. The grape hybrid from the native Canadian species bred with wine producing grapes results in a grape for a shorter, cooler growing season, and a quality not found elsewhere.<ref >{{Citation
| title =Wines of Canada - Modern History
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.canadianvintners.com/woc/modernhistory.html
| accessdate = 2008-01-13}} </ref>
|}

==Agricultural Science==
[[Agricultural science]] began developing new styles of farming and strains of wheat and crops so that farming could become a successful venture. Farming methods were developed at places such as Indian Head Experimental Farm<ref name=IHEF>{{cite web
| last = Smith
| first =Allan E.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Agriculture Canada Research Stations
| work =Western Economic Diversification Canada and the Government of Saskatchewan.
| publisher =CANADIAN PLAINS RESEARCH CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF REGINA
| date =
| url =http://esask.uregina.ca/entry/agriculture_canada_research_stations.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-11 }}</ref>, Rosthern Experimental Station<ref>[{{cite web
| last =JONES
| first =STEPHEN MORGAN
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Canadian Encyclopedia
| work =Research Stations, Agricultural
| publisher =
| date =
| url =http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006783
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-11 }}</ref>, and Bell Farm<ref name=Bell>{{cite web
| last =Hawkes
| first = John
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Saskatchewan Gen Web Project - SASKATCHEWAN AND ITS PEOPLE by JOHN HAWKES
| work =Bell Farm
| publisher = Julia Adamson Rootsweb.com
| date =Wed Jun 15 2005
| url =http://www.rootsweb.com/~cansk/SaskatchewanAndItsPeople/Volume2/index.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-11 }}</ref>. The Better Farming Train traveled around rural areas educating pioneer farmers.<ref name=farmtrain>{{cite web
| last =Hawkes
| first =John
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =SASKATCHEWAN AND ITS PEOPLE
| work =
| publisher = Saskatchewan Gen Web Project Vol I 1924
| date =Wed Jun 15 2005
| url =http://www.rootsweb.com/~cansk/SaskatchewanAndItsPeople/VolumeII/index.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2007-04-11 }}</ref>
The 1901 census showed 511,100 farms and the number of farms peaked in 1941 at a record 732,800 farms.<ref name="FarmingCanada">{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Farming in Canada
| work = The Economy > Primary industries
| publisher = Statistics Canada
| date = 2004-08-26
| url = http://www43.statcan.ca/03/03b/03b_002_e.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate =2008-01-29}}</ref>. The [[industrial revolution]] modernized the farming industry as mechanized vehicles replaced the oxen ploughed land or the horse drawn cart. Farms became much larger, and mechanized evolving towards [[industrial agriculture]].

==Production==
{{see also|List of countries by GDP sector composition}}
Farming activities were very labor intensive before the industrial revolution and the advent of [[tractor]]s, [[combine harvester|combines]], [[baler]]s, etc. In the late 1800s to mid 1900s, a great percentage of the Canadian labor force was engaged in high labor, smaller farming practices. After mechanization, scientific advancement, improved marketing practices farms became more efficient, larger and less labor intensive. The labor population was freed up and went to industry, government, transportation, trade and finance. <ref name=statis>{{Citation
| last =valley
| first =brandon
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =Tables by subject Agriculture Statistics Canada
| work = Statistics Canada
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www40.statcan.ca/l01/ind01/l2_920.htm
| accessdate = 2006-11-28}}</ref> Agriculture, stock raising and horticulture employed one-fourth of the Canadian population according to the 1951 census as well as providing products for exports and Canadian manufacturing concerns.<ref>{{cite book | title=The Canada Year Book 1951 The Official Statistical Annual of the Resources, History, Institutions, and Social and Economic Conditions of Canada | publisher=King's Printer and Controller of Stationery | year=1951 |editor=Cloutier, Edmond | ISBN=0-7715-8268-4 }}</ref>

==Farm equipment==

The Oliver [[plow]] was in use by 1896 which could cut through the prairie sod. [[Binder]]s which could cut and tie grain for the harvest season and [[grain elevators]] for storage were introduced in the late 1800s as well.<ref name=binder>{{Citation
| last =McCormick Reaper Centennial Source Material (International Harvester Company: Chicago) 1931.
| first =Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =Grain Harvesting
| date =November 30, 2006
| year =
| url =http://www.vaes.vt.edu/steeles/mccormick/harvest.html
| accessdate = }}</ref> Plows {[[plough]]), [[tractors]], spreaders, [[combine harvester|combines]] to name a few are some mechanized implements for the grain crop or horticultural farmer which are labor saving devices. Many Canadian museums such as [[Reynolds-Alberta Museum]] will showcase the evolution and variety of [[Agricultural machinery|farm machinery]].

[[Image:CombineWheat0654.jpg|thumb|right|Harvest of Wheat via combine]]

==Challenges==

The depression and [[drought]] of the [[Dirty Thirties]] was devastating. This drought resulted in a mass exodus of population from the prairies, as well as new agricultural practices such as [[soil conservation]], and [[crop rotation]].<Ref>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Drought Watch web site
| work =
| publisher =Government of Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration
| date =2002-02-03
| url =http://www.agr.gc.ca/pfra/drought/index_e.htm
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2006-11-28 }}</ref>

[[Soil conservation]] practices such as [[crop rotation]], cover crops, and windbreaks to name a few were massively developed and set in forth upon recovering from the drought experiences of the dirty thirties. Literally layers and layers of topsoil would be blowing away during this time. [[Bow River]] Irrigation Project, [[Red Deer River]] Project and the St. Mary Irrigation project of Alberta, were a few of the major projects undertaken by the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act (P.F.R.A.) resulting in reservoirs, and distribution systems.<ref name="Year">

Wheat diseases such as [[wheat bunt]] and [[stinking smut]] can be successfully treated with a fungicide.
Disease of plants and animals can break an agricultural producer. [[Tuberculosis]] in animals was an early threat, and cattle needed to be tested, and areas accredited in 1956. The newer disease such as [[chronic wasting disease]] or [[transmissible spongiform encephalopathy]] (TSE) affects both elk and deer. Elk and deer raising is a pioneer field of domestication, has had a setback with this disease.<ref name=wasting>{{Citation
| last =Chronic Wasting Disease Alliance
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =Pyron Technologies, Inc.
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =Chronic Wasting Disease
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.cwd-info.org/index.php/fuseaction/about.main
| accessdate = 2006-11-28 }}</ref> [[Mad cow disease]] in cattle<ref name=maow>{{cite web| url=http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/bseesbindexe.shtml| title= Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE in North America |author = Canadian Food Inspection Agency| accessdate=2006-11-28}}</ref> and [[scrapie]] of sheep<ref name=scrapie>{{cite web
| last =
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = Animal Health Scrapies Manual of Procedures Module 1 and 2
| work = Canadian Food Inspection Agency
| publisher = Government of Canada
| date =
| url = http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/man/scrtre/scrtre-1-2e.shtml
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate =2006-11-28 }}</ref> are monitored by the [[Canadian Food Inspection Agency]]. The poultry sector was plagued by Pullorum disease, and by controlling the flock via poultry husbandry, this disease has been brought under control.

Plants whose traits can be modified to survive a disease or insect have made inroads into Canadian agricultural practices. Cereal [[rust (fungus)|rusts]] which can destroy the majority of areas seeded to wheat, was controlled in 1938 by breeding strains which were rust-resistant. This strain was successful until around 1950, when again a new variety of rust broke out, and again a new species of wheat called Selkirk was developed which was rust resistant.<ref name=modify>{{Citation

| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title =Genetically modified crops: steady growth in Ontario and Quebec
|Work=Statistics Canada
| date =2002-12-06
| year =
| url =http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=21-004-X20021126389
| accessdate = 2006-11-28}}</ref> [[Biotechnology]] is the center of new research and regulations affecting agriculture this century.<ref name=biotech>{{Citation
| last =CanadiaBranch Office of Biotechnologyn Food Inspection Agency
| first =
| author-link =
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| title = - Animal Health - Scrapie&#39;s Manual
of Procedures - Module 1 and 2
|Work=Canadian Food Inspection Agency
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/sci/biotech/gen/terexpe.shtml
| accessdate =2006-11-28 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| last = Small, E. New crops for Canadian agriculture. p. 15–52. In: J. Janick (ed.), Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.
| first =
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =New crops for Canadian agriculture.
| work =Small, Ernest 1999. p. 15–52. In: J. Janick (ed.), Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.
| publisher =
| date =1999.
| url =http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1999/v4-015a.html
| format =
| doi =
| accessdate = 2006-11-29 }}</ref>

==Developmental and educational institutions==
To increase the viability of agriculture as an economic lifestyle several improvements have been made by various nationwide educational facilities. Inroads and innovations have been made in the diverse fields of [[agricultural science]], [[agricultural engineering]], [[agricultural soil science]], [[Sustainable agriculture]], [[Agricultural productivity]], [[agronomy]], [[biodiversity]], [[bioengineering]], [[irrigation]] and swine research for example.
{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left:20px;"
|+'''Canadian developmental and educational institutions'''
!align=left|Institution
|Research Programme
|-
|Animal Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory
|AEBL researches artificial insemination, embryo biotechnology to improve genetic breeding requirements.
|-
|[[Central Experimental Farm]]
|Scientific research for improvement in agricultural methods and crops. Features the [[Canada Agriculture Museum]], [[Dominion Arboretum]], and [[Ornamental Gardens]].
|-
|Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute
|CCOVI provides research to enable the growing grapes and production of wine in cooler climates.
|-
|[[Devonian Botanical Garden]]
|Emphasis on alpine and cold-hardy plants along with [[wetland]] [[ecology]], biology of [[microfungus|microfungi]], [[horticulture]], and [[phenology]] research.
|-
|[[Fisheries Centre]]
|Research of aquatic ecosystems and collaboration with Maritime communities, government, and NGOs
|-
|[[List of botanical gardens in Canada]]
|
|-
|[[Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre]]
|NAFC is a part of the Canadian research facility of the Science, Oceans and Environment (SOE) branch and Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) provides marine and aquatic research and conservation.<ref name=NAFC>{{Citation
| title =Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre (NAFC)
| work=Eastern Research Institutes
| date =
| year =
| url =http://www.aquatic.uoguelph.ca/Human/Research/Webresearchinst/East/NorthwestAFC/nafc.htm
| accessdate = 2008-01-14}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nova Scotia Agricultural College]]
|Field and animal husbandry studies.
|-
|[[Ontario Horticultural Association]]
|Regional horticultural associations promote education about horticulture.
|-
|[[University of Saskatchewan Agriculture & Bioresources College]]
|Agricultural and bioresource engineering , economics, agronomy, animal Science, environmental science, food and applied microbiological sciences, large animal clinical sciences , plant sciences, and soil science
|-
|[[University of Saskatchewan|Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization]]
|The VIDO facility develops DNA-enhanced immunization vaccines for both humans and animals.
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== Books==
* {{cite book | title=Canadian Oxford School Atlas | publisher=The Bryant Press Limited | year=1977 |editor=Pleva, E.G. and Inch, Spencer | ISBN=0-19-540240-5 }}

* {{cite book | title=From Sea unto Sea | publisher=Doubleday & Company, Inc. | year=1959 |editor=Hardy, W.G. }}

* {{cite book | title=The Unknown Country | publisher=Longmans, Green & Co., Toronto | year=1945 |editor=Hutchison, Bruce }}

* {{cite book | title=The Macmillan School Atlas | publisher=Gage Educational Publishing Company A Division of Canada Publishing Corporation | year=1982 |editor=Daly, Ronald C.| ISBN=0-7715-8268-4 }}

* {{cite book | title=The Canada Year Book 1951 The Official Statistical Annual of the Resources, History, Institutions, and Social and Economic Conditions of Canada | publisher=King's Printer and Controller of Stationery | year=1951 |editor=Cloutier, Edmond | ISBN=0-7715-8268-4 }}

* {{cite book | title=Canada 1956 The Official Handbook of Present Conditions and Recent Progress | publisher=Queen's Printer and Controller of Stationery, Ottawa. | year=1956 | editor=Cloutier, Edmond | }}

* {{cite book | title=A Historical Atlas of Canada | publisher=Thomas Nelson and Sons (Canada) Ltd. | year=1959 | editor=Kerr, D.G.G. | }}

* {{cite book | title=Our Canada | publisher=The Copp Clark Publishing Co, Limited | year=1949 | editor=Dorland, Arthur G. | }}

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|Agriculture in Canada|Agriculture of Canada}}
*[http://www.agr.gc.ca/ Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada / Agriculture et Agroalimentaire ]
*[http://agriculture.technomuses.ca/ Canada Agriculture Museum]
*[http://www.soiltosky.ca/ Soil to Sky: Careers in Canadian Agriculture in Food]

{{Canada topics}}

[[Category:Agriculture in Canada|*]]

Revision as of 00:36, 10 October 2008

I don't think origination fees and points are the same thing. This article may be actively misleading.--Srleffler 05:37, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

You're right. They're quite different. I've got a fairly strong grasp of most financial mathematics, and I'll give this page a look when I find some time. (Feel free to come to my talk page and ask me to look at this page if I forget). Davemcarlson 05:21, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

I agree, from my understanding points are used to decide how much the origination fee is, but they are not the same thing. I would like a professional's opinion though. I work in a bank, but I'm a translator, so a lot of the technical stuff is over my head.

Yes, origination fees and points are not the same thing (in the process of buying a home now...) Buying point allows you to get a lower interest rate. The origination fee is a fee that a lender charges as part of the closing costs. --D3matt

  • Also this article seems very US-centric - I for one have never heard of points in New Zealand for example. Lisiate 00:29, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

It woudl be of great help if somebody explained the meaning of "points" mathematically? Meaning, how does one arrive at 1 point ~ 0.25% in interest rate? Is a point payment of the difference in the present value of the interest the bank will collect over the next 30 years? This is not clear at all, hence the description as it stands is not useful beyond what is available on most lender's websites. - Dubravko

  • I can't conjure up the math right now, but I'd recognize it if I saw it. The .25% only applies to a 30-year loan that is compounded monthly. (I've also heard that the amount is actually closer to 0.125%)
    Anyways, the concept behind it is that each point reduces the bank's net money loaned. If the bank loans $100,000 and the borrower pays 2 points ($2000) upfront, the bank effectively just loaned $98,000, even though the loan's face value (and the value upon which interest is charged) remains $100,000. Let's just say the loan was issued at a 7% rate (compounded monthly), and then after the discount points were taken into account, it fell to 6.5% (still calculated in relation to the $100,000 principal). The monthly payments corresponding to 6.5% of $100,000 are roughly equivalent to the monthly payments corresponding to 7% of $98,000, so the borrower is effectively paying 7% on the net principal loaned ($98,000). Instead of treating the loan as a $98,000 loan at 7%, the loan is treated as a $100,000 loan at 6.5%. If you have any questions, ask me on my talk page. I'm sure I could provide a better illustration if I had to. Davemcarlson 05:18, 14 November 2006 (UTC)


  • Quick fix. I removed the disputed tag after moving appropriate text to origination fee. Created discount point article to redirect here (now I'm thinking it should probably be the other way around. As this was a quick fix, I'm leaving expert tags on both articles. - Ent

Requested move

Point (mortgage) → Discount point — Article generally refers to the concept as "discount point" and states that the two are interchangeable. Also, using the longer name helps to differentiate from basis point. MrZaiustalk 12:42, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

No opinion: this approach to me seems incorrect - that is, deciding what to call it. References are needed. If it is simply called points (as I recall), then Point (mortgage). If it is referred to professionally as Discount point, then the answer is obvious.--Gregalton 18:51, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

It was requested that this article be renamed but there was no consensus for it be moved. --Stemonitis 14:53, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

When is the money paid for points regained?

The article computes the number of months after which the money paid for points is regained, that is, the total savings in monthly payments because of points becomes equal to the money paid for points. It comes out to be 3.94 years in the example used and the article warns "If you leave the house before 3.94 years, you wasted money".

This is not the correct way to compute the time after which the money paid for points is regained, because each monthly payment consists of an interest payment and a payment towards the principal. There is no way to save on the principal as the whole principal has to be paid off eventually. Any savings is possible only in the interest payments. So, the correct way to find out when the money paid for points is regained, is to find the number of months after which the savings in the cumulative interest paid becomes equal to the money paid for points. At that time, the money paid for points is regained.

Running the figures in the example used in the article ($100,000, 30 years; 6% without points, 5.5% with $1500 paid in points), in an amortization calculator that shows the cumulative interest paid (I used [1]) we find that after 36 months, the cumulative interest paid without points is $17667.89, but with points it is only $16166.89, a savings of $1501 in interest payments. The $1500 paid for the points will be regained after just 3 years, not 3.94 years mentioned in the article.

If my calculation is not correct, I'd appreciate it if some one can let me know why. Thanks.

AronZ (talk) 04:09, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

Correction needed to the origination fee paragraphs too

Looks like a similar correction is needed for the paragraph about the origination fee also.

AronZ (talk) 04:09, 24 December 2007 (UTC)


The payback period calculation is not a valid financial measure and should be struck all together. This is because payback period ignores the most fundamental of finance concepts: the time value of money. If you calculated payback period using the present value of future interest payments, that would help. A second, yet separate, item to keep in mind is that your future pricipal payments will be different as will the amount of profit that you'll make on selling the property before the mortgage is held to its full life (which is usually the case). A third item is that paying points may exclude the borrow from taking advantage of future interest rate decreases. For example, the zero-point borrower may refinance his mortgage if rates drop, but the point payer has to wait for rates to drop a lot more before it's advantageous for him to refinance. If the rate decrease is modest, then the point payer may never be able to refi whereas the zero-point payer can. This entire article should be rewritten. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.9.56.131 (talk) 15:28, 1 February 2008 (UTC)

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