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[[File:A diagram of one of the Minerva project enclosures with two telescopes.jpg|thumb|right|A diagram of one of the project's enclosures with two telescopes]]
[[File:A diagram of one of the Minerva project enclosures with two telescopes.jpg|thumb|right|A diagram of one of the project's enclosures with two telescopes]]


The '''MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array''' ('''MINERVA''') is a ground-based robotic dedicated [[exoplanet]] observatory. The facility is an array of small-aperture robotic telescopes outfitted for both [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometry]] and high-resolution [[Doppler spectroscopy]] located at the U.S. [[Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory]] at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona.<ref name="MINERVA"/><ref name="astrobites" /><ref name="NASA-spacetech" /><ref name="planetquest" /> The project's principal investigator is the American astronomer [[John Johnson (astronomer)|John Johnson]].<ref name="MINERVA" />
The '''MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array''' ('''MINERVA''') is a ground-based robotic dedicated [[exoplanet]] observatory. The facility is an array of small-aperture robotic telescopes outfitted for both [[Photometry (astronomy)|photometry]] and high-resolution [[Doppler spectroscopy]] located at the U.S. [[Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory]] at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona.<ref name="MINERVA"/><ref name="astrobites" /><ref name="NASA-spacetech" /><ref name="planetquest" /> The project's principal investigator is the American astronomer Jason Eastman.<ref name="MINERVA" /> The telescopes were manufactured by PlaneWave Instruments.


== Science Objectives ==
== Science objectives ==
The primary science goal of MINERVA is to discover Earth-like planets in close-in (less than 50-day) orbits around nearby stars, and super-Earths (3-15 times the mass of Earth) in the habitable zones of the closest Sun-like stars. The secondary goal is to look for transits (eclipses) of known and newly discovered extrasolar planets. The unique design of the MINERVA observatory allows the pursue of both goals simultaneously.
The primary science goal of MINERVA is to discover Earth-like planets in close-in (less than 50-day) orbits around nearby stars, and super-Earths (3-15 times the mass of Earth) in the habitable zones of the closest Sun-like stars. The secondary goal is to look for transits (eclipses) of known and newly discovered extrasolar planets. The unique design of the MINERVA observatory allows the pursuit of both goals simultaneously.


== Specifications and Status==
== Specifications and status==
* Telescopes: Four PlaneWave CDK700, 0.7m telescopes within 2 custom telescope enclosures designed by LCOGT engineers. One MINERVA-Red telescope
* Telescopes: Four PlaneWave CDK700, 0.7m telescopes within 2 custom telescope enclosures designed by LCOGT engineers. One MINERVA-Red telescope
* Cameras: 2k × 2k back illuminated CCD with 15&nbsp;[[micrometer|µm]] pixels offering > 20’ f.o.v.
* Cameras: 2k × 2k back illuminated CCD with 15&nbsp;[[micrometre|µm]] pixels offering > 20’ f.o.v.
* Spectrograph: Stabilized, R = 75,000 [[echelle spectrograph]] with iodine cell for precise radial velocimetry designed by KiwiStar Optics (a business unit of Callaghan Innovation; a New Zealand government-owned Crown entity).
* Spectrograph: Stabilized, R = 75,000 [[echelle spectrograph]] with iodine cell for precise radial velocimetry designed by KiwiStar Optics (a business unit of Callaghan Innovation; a New Zealand government-owned Crown entity).
* Status: Full photometric science operations began in May 2015 at FLWO. The spectrograph was installed Dec 2015.
* Status: Full photometric science operations began in May 2015 at FLWO. The spectrograph was installed Dec 2015.


== MINERVA-Red ==
== MINERVA-Red ==
MINERVA-Red is an echelle spectrograph optimized for the 'deep red', between 800 nm and 900 nm (where M-dwarfs are brightest) with a robotic 0.7 meter telescope. It uses a [[Fabry–Pérot interferometer|Fabry-Perot etalon]] and U/Ne lamp for wavelength calibration. <ref>http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AAS...22914609S MINERVA-Red: A telescope dedicated to the discovery of planets orbiting the nearest low-mass stars</ref> <ref>https://video.ias.edu/jointastro/2015/1006-CullenBlake</ref>
MINERVA-Red is an echelle spectrograph optimized for the 'deep red', between 800&nbsp;nm and 900&nbsp;nm (where M-dwarfs are brightest) with a robotic 0.7 meter telescope. It uses a [[Fabry–Pérot interferometer|Fabry-Perot etalon]] and U/Ne lamp for wavelength calibration.<ref>{{cite journal | bibcode = 2017AAS...22914609S | title=MINERVA-Red: A telescope dedicated to the discovery of planets orbiting the nearest low-mass stars | volume=229 | year=2017 |author1=Sliski, David |author2=Blake, Cullen |author3=Johnson, John A. |author4=Plavchan, Peter |author5=Wittenmyer, Robert A. |author6=Eastman, Jason D. |author7=Barnes, Stuart |author8=Baker, Ashley | journal=American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #229 | pages=146.09 }} MINERVA-Red: A telescope dedicated to the discovery of planets orbiting the nearest low-mass stars</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://video.ias.edu/jointastro/2015/1006-CullenBlake|title=MINERVA-Red: An Intensive Survey for Planets Orbiting the Nearest Low-mass Stars to the Sun - Videos &#124; Institute for Advanced Study|date=7 October 2015}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
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|refs=
|refs=


<ref name="MINERVA">{{cite web |title=A dedicated Exoplanet Oservatory |url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/minerva/ |publisher=Harvard |date=3 February 2016 |accessdate=3 February 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="MINERVA">{{cite web |title=A dedicated Exoplanet Oservatory |url=https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/minerva/ |publisher=[[Harvard]] |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref>


<ref name="astrobites">{{cite web |url=https://astrobites.org/2014/12/26/minerva-miniature-exoplanet-radial-velocity-array/ |title=MINERVA: MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array |author=Gudmundur Stefansson |publisher=astrobites |date=26 December 2014 |access-date=April 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="astrobites">{{cite web |url=https://astrobites.org/2014/12/26/minerva-miniature-exoplanet-radial-velocity-array/ |title=MINERVA: MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array |author=Gudmundur Stefansson |website=Astrobites |date=26 December 2014 |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref>


<ref name="NASA-spacetech">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/spacetech/strg/2013_nstrf_hogstrom.html |title=MINERVA: Using Small, Fully Robotic Telescopes to Search for Habitable-Zone Exoplanets |publisher=NASA |author=Kristina Hogstrom |access-date=April 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="NASA-spacetech">{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/spacetech/strg/2013_nstrf_hogstrom.html |title=MINERVA: Using Small, Fully Robotic Telescopes to Search for Habitable-Zone Exoplanets |publisher=[[NASA]] |author=Kristina Hogstrom |date=16 August 2013 |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref>


<ref name="planetquest">{{cite web |url=http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/news/53 |title=Earth-hunting, guerilla style |publisher=Planetquest JPL/NASA |date=6 September 2012 |access-date=April 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="planetquest">{{cite web |url=http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/news/53 |title=Earth-hunting, guerilla style |publisher=Planetquest JPL/NASA |date=6 September 2012 |access-date=3 February 2016}}</ref>


}} <!-- end of reflist -->
}} <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://arxiv.org/abs/1411.3724 Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA)] I. Design, Commissioning, and First Science Results
* [https://arxiv.org/abs/1411.3724 Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA)] I. Design, Commissioning, and First Science Results
* {{YouTube|id=bXmz-_2SXY4|title=Dr. John Johnson – ''Lecture: Exoplanetary science and Kepler mission update''}} {{small|(time 25:01 min.)}}
* {{YouTube|id=bXmz-_2SXY4|title=Dr. John Johnson – ''Lecture: Exoplanetary science and Kepler mission update''}} {{small|(time 25:01 min.)}}
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/universityofpennsylvania/sets/72157653105135231 Minerva-Red]
* [https://www.flickr.com/photos/universityofpennsylvania/sets/72157653105135231 Minerva-Red]


{{Exoplanet search projects}}
{{Exoplanet search projects}}
{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System}}


[[Category:Astronomical instruments]]
[[Category:Astronomical instruments]]
[[Category:Astronomical surveys]]
[[Category:Astronomical surveys]]
[[Category:Exoplanet search projects]]
[[Category:Exoplanet search projects]]
[[Category:Telescopes]]
[[Category:Optical telescopes]]


{{observatory-stub}}

Revision as of 23:20, 28 April 2023

Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array
One of the individual telescopes of the Minerva project
Alternative namesMINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array Edit this at Wikidata
Part ofFred Lawrence Whipple Observatory Edit this on Wikidata
Location(s)Mount Hopkins, Arizona
Coordinates31°41′18″N 110°53′07″W / 31.6884°N 110.8854°W / 31.6884; -110.8854 Edit this at Wikidata
Telescope styleastronomical survey
optical telescope Edit this on Wikidata
Websitewww.cfa.harvard.edu/minerva/ Edit this at Wikidata
Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array is located in the United States
Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array
Location of Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array
  Related media on Commons
[edit on Wikidata]
A diagram of one of the project's enclosures with two telescopes

The MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array (MINERVA) is a ground-based robotic dedicated exoplanet observatory. The facility is an array of small-aperture robotic telescopes outfitted for both photometry and high-resolution Doppler spectroscopy located at the U.S. Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory at Mt. Hopkins, Arizona.[1][2][3][4] The project's principal investigator is the American astronomer Jason Eastman.[1] The telescopes were manufactured by PlaneWave Instruments.

Science objectives

The primary science goal of MINERVA is to discover Earth-like planets in close-in (less than 50-day) orbits around nearby stars, and super-Earths (3-15 times the mass of Earth) in the habitable zones of the closest Sun-like stars. The secondary goal is to look for transits (eclipses) of known and newly discovered extrasolar planets. The unique design of the MINERVA observatory allows the pursuit of both goals simultaneously.

Specifications and status

  • Telescopes: Four PlaneWave CDK700, 0.7m telescopes within 2 custom telescope enclosures designed by LCOGT engineers. One MINERVA-Red telescope
  • Cameras: 2k × 2k back illuminated CCD with 15 µm pixels offering > 20’ f.o.v.
  • Spectrograph: Stabilized, R = 75,000 echelle spectrograph with iodine cell for precise radial velocimetry designed by KiwiStar Optics (a business unit of Callaghan Innovation; a New Zealand government-owned Crown entity).
  • Status: Full photometric science operations began in May 2015 at FLWO. The spectrograph was installed Dec 2015.

MINERVA-Red

MINERVA-Red is an echelle spectrograph optimized for the 'deep red', between 800 nm and 900 nm (where M-dwarfs are brightest) with a robotic 0.7 meter telescope. It uses a Fabry-Perot etalon and U/Ne lamp for wavelength calibration.[5][6]

See also

Other exoplanet search projects

For a complete list see footer "Exoplanet search projects"

References

  1. ^ a b "A dedicated Exoplanet Oservatory". Harvard. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  2. ^ Gudmundur Stefansson (26 December 2014). "MINERVA: MINiature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array". Astrobites. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  3. ^ Kristina Hogstrom (16 August 2013). "MINERVA: Using Small, Fully Robotic Telescopes to Search for Habitable-Zone Exoplanets". NASA. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  4. ^ "Earth-hunting, guerilla style". Planetquest JPL/NASA. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  5. ^ Sliski, David; Blake, Cullen; Johnson, John A.; Plavchan, Peter; Wittenmyer, Robert A.; Eastman, Jason D.; Barnes, Stuart; Baker, Ashley (2017). "MINERVA-Red: A telescope dedicated to the discovery of planets orbiting the nearest low-mass stars". American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #229. 229: 146.09. Bibcode:2017AAS...22914609S. MINERVA-Red: A telescope dedicated to the discovery of planets orbiting the nearest low-mass stars
  6. ^ "MINERVA-Red: An Intensive Survey for Planets Orbiting the Nearest Low-mass Stars to the Sun - Videos | Institute for Advanced Study". 7 October 2015.

External links

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