Neocinnamomum

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Neocinnamomum
Neocinnamomum delavayi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Magnoliids
Order:
Laurales
Family:
Lauraceae
Genus:
Neocinnamomum

Species

See text

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Neocinnamomum (新樟属, xin zhang shu) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae. They are evergreen shrubs or small trees, indigenous to Bhutan, China, India, Indonesia (Sumatra), Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. [1][2]

Overview

They require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.[3] from southern China, to Thailand, and Vietnam, sparsely in Sumatra, not in Malaya. They require a warm and wet climate with no extremes of heat and cold.[4]

They inhabit in mid to high elevations[5] and montane laurel forests.[6]

These trees and shrubs are characteristic of the lower strata of the tropical rainforest but some species are at 20 m tall. Although there can be months in which there is less rain, no prolonged dry season should occur and rain received on about 150 days per year.[citation needed] Present from rocky and stony ground to waterlogged and marshy areas.[citation needed]

With their strongly three-nerved blades, these genus look like a cinnamon with alternately arranged leaves.[7] The pollination is by insects[8] that pollinate the very small bisexual[2] flowers.[9][10] The inflorescences are highly condensed, with poorly defined branching, their overall shape described as "glomerules".[9] Birds disperse the seeds by avidly eat the fruit[11] which are berry-like drupes.[2] The red fruits of N.caudatum are eaten by human Garo tribes in India.[12] The fruit are ellipsoid or round ("globose"). The trees flower in rainy season and the fruits ripen 6 months later.[citation needed] Some species propagate vegetatively too.[2]

N. mekongense is a species that grows in the mountains north of Dali, China. It is popular with butterflies, which possibly are attracted by secretions from extrafloral nectaries.[13]

Neocinnamomum is known only from tropical Asia, and with the closely related genus Caryodaphnopsis represent the only early lineages in Lauraceae that are present in Asia but are not also known to occur in Africa, Madagascar, and Australia, in contrast to widespread genera in Cryptocaryeae and Cassytha. The fossil record suggests that both Caryodaphnopsis and Neocinnamomum have an ancient Laurasian origen. The fossil wood taxon Caryodaphnopsoxylon richteri Gottwald (1992) places the unique xylem anatomy of Caryodaphnopsis in Late Eocene Germany. The fossil flower Neusenia tetrasporangiata Eklund from Late Cretaceous North America compares favorably with Neocinnamomum, and flowers and fruits from the same locality can be compared to Caryodaphnopsis.[14]

Species[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/viewTrees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  2. ^ a b c d Flora of China
  3. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  4. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  5. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  6. ^ Newsletter of the Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden
  7. ^ http://xtbg-botany.wikispaces.com/file/view/Trees+of+Tropical+Asia+Laurales+small.pdf
  8. ^ Susan S. Renner (2004). "Variation in diversity among Laurales, Early Cretaceous to Present" (PDF). Biologiske Skrifter. 55: 441–458.
  9. ^ a b Wang, Z.-h.; Li, J.; Conran, J.; Li, H.-w. (2010). "Phylogeny of the Southeast Asian endemic genus Neocinnamomum H. Liu (Lauraceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 290 (1): 173–184.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Caroline K. Allen (1939). "Studies in Cinnamomum and Neocinnamomum". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 20: 44–63.
  11. ^ http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf
  12. ^ http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/13431/1/IJTK%2011%281%29%20166-171.pdf
  13. ^ Zipcode Zoo
  14. ^ http://www.umsl.edu/~renners/Chanderbali_et_alAMBG2001.pdf


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