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'''Paul R. Rosenbaum''' is the Robert G. Putzel Professor Emeritus in the Department of Statistics and Data Science at [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania]], where he worked from 1986 through 2021.[http://www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu/~rosenbap/index.html] [https://statistics.wharton.upenn.edu/profile/rosenbap/][https://ldi.upenn.edu/fellows/fellows-directory/paul-r-rosenbaum-phd/] He has written extensively about [[causal inference]] in [[Observational study|observational studies]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul |title=Observational Studies |publisher=Springer |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-387-98967-9 |location=New York |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul |title=Design of Observational Studies |publisher=Springer |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-46404-2 |location=New York |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul |title=Observation and Experiment: An Introduction to Causal Inference |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2017 |isbn=9780674975576 |location=Cambridge, MA |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul |title=Replication and Evidence Factors in Observational Studies |publisher=Chapman & Hall/CRC |year=2021 |isbn=9780367483883}}</ref> including sensitivity analysis,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1987 |title=Sensitivity analysis for certain permutation inferences in matched observational studies |url=https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/74.1.13 |journal=Biometrika |language=en |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=13–26 |doi=10.1093/biomet/74.1.13 |issn=0006-3444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2007 |title=Sensitivity Analysis for m-Estimates, Tests, and Confidence Intervals in Matched Observational Studies |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00717.x |journal=Biometrics |language=en |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=456–464 |doi=10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00717.x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2018-12-01 |title=Sensitivity analysis for stratified comparisons in an observational study of the effect of smoking on homocysteine levels |url=https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-applied-statistics/volume-12/issue-4/Sensitivity-analysis-for-stratified-comparisons-in-an-observational-study-of/10.1214/18-AOAS1153.full |journal=The Annals of Applied Statistics |volume=12 |issue=4 |doi=10.1214/18-AOAS1153 |issn=1932-6157}}</ref> optimal matching,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1989 |title=Optimal Matching for Observational Studies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1989.10478868 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=84 |issue=408 |pages=1024–1032 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1989.10478868 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2020-03-09 |title=Modern Algorithms for Matching in Observational Studies |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-statistics-031219-041058 |journal=Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=143–176 |doi=10.1146/annurev-statistics-031219-041058 |issn=2326-8298}}</ref> design sensitivity,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=P. R. |date=2004-03-01 |title=Design sensitivity in observational studies |url=https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/91.1.153 |journal=Biometrika |language=en |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=153–164 |doi=10.1093/biomet/91.1.153 |issn=0006-3444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2005 |title=Heterogeneity and Causality: Unit Heterogeneity and Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27643648 |journal=The American Statistician |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=147–152 |issn=0003-1305}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2010 |title=Design Sensitivity and Efficiency in Observational Studies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/jasa.2010.tm09570 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=105 |issue=490 |pages=692–702 |doi=10.1198/jasa.2010.tm09570 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> evidence factors,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=P. R. |date=2010-06-01 |title=Evidence factors in observational studies |url=https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/asq019 |journal=Biometrika |language=en |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=333–345 |doi=10.1093/biomet/asq019 |issn=0006-3444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2011 |title=Some Approximate Evidence Factors in Observational Studies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10422 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=106 |issue=493 |pages=285–295 |doi=10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10422 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> quasi-experimental devices,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1984 |title=From Association to Causation in Observational Studies: The Role of Tests of Strongly Ignorable Treatment Assignment |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1984.10477060 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=79 |issue=385 |pages=41–48 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1984.10477060 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1987-08-01 |title=The Role of a Second Control Group in an Observational Study |url=https://projecteuclid.org/journals/statistical-science/volume-2/issue-3/The-Role-of-a-Second-Control-Group-in-an-Observational/10.1214/ss/1177013232.full |journal=Statistical Science |volume=2 |issue=3 |doi=10.1214/ss/1177013232 |issn=0883-4237}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2015-04-10 |title=How to See More in Observational Studies: Some New Quasi-Experimental Devices |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-statistics-010814-020201 |journal=Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=21–48 |doi=10.1146/annurev-statistics-010814-020201 |issn=2326-8298}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2021-09-21 |title=Sensitivity analyses informed by tests for bias in observational studies |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/biom.13558 |journal=Biometrics |language=en |pages=biom.13558 |doi=10.1111/biom.13558 |issn=0006-341X}}</ref> and (with [[Donald Rubin|Donald B. Rubin]]) the [[Propensity score matching|propensity score]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |last2=Rubin |first2=Donald B. |date=1983 |title=The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects |url=https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 |journal=Biometrika |language=en |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=41–55 |doi=10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 |issn=0006-3444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |last2=Rubin |first2=Donald B. |date=1984 |title=Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1984.10478078 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=79 |issue=387 |pages=516–524 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1984.10478078 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1984 |title=Conditional Permutation Tests and the Propensity Score in Observational Studies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1984.10478082 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=79 |issue=387 |pages=565–574 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1984.10478082 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |last2=Rubin |first2=Donald B. |date=1985 |title=Constructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods That Incorporate the Propensity Score |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2683903?origin=crossref |journal=The American Statistician |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=33 |doi=10.2307/2683903}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1987 |title=Model-Based Direct Adjustment |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1987.10478441 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=82 |issue=398 |pages=387–394 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1987.10478441 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> With various coauthors, he has also written about [[Outcomes research|health outcomes]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silber |first=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Ross |first3=Richard N. |last4=Ludwig |first4=Justin M. |last5=Wang |first5=Wei |last6=Niknam |first6=Bijan A. |last7=Mukherjee |first7=Nabanita |last8=Saynisch |first8=Philip A. |last9=Even‐Shoshan |first9=Orit |last10=Kelz |first10=Rachel R. |last11=Fleisher |first11=Lee A. |date=2014 |title=Template Matching for Auditing Hospital Cost and Quality |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6773.12156 |journal=Health Services Research |language=en |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1446–1474 |doi=10.1111/1475-6773.12156 |issn=0017-9124 |pmc=4213044 |pmid=24588413}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Neuman |first=Mark D. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Ludwig |first3=Justin M. |last4=Zubizarreta |first4=Jose R. |last5=Silber |first5=Jeffrey H. |date=2014-06-25 |title=Anesthesia Technique, Mortality, and Length of Stay After Hip Fracture Surgery |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2014.6499 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=311 |issue=24 |pages=2508 |doi=10.1001/jama.2014.6499 |issn=0098-7484 |pmc=4344128 |pmid=25058085}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silber |first=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=McHugh |first3=Matthew D. |last4=Ludwig |first4=Justin M. |last5=Smith |first5=Herbert L. |last6=Niknam |first6=Bijan A. |last7=Even-Shoshan |first7=Orit |last8=Fleisher |first8=Lee A. |last9=Kelz |first9=Rachel R. |last10=Aiken |first10=Linda H. |date=2016-06-01 |title=Comparison of the Value of Nursing Work Environments in Hospitals Across Different Levels of Patient Risk |url=http://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4908 |journal=JAMA Surgery |language=en |volume=151 |issue=6 |pages=527 |doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4908 |issn=2168-6254 |pmc=4957817 |pmid=26791112}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silber |first=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Reiter |first3=Joseph G. |last4=Hill |first4=Alexander S. |last5=Jain |first5=Siddharth |last6=Wolk |first6=David A. |last7=Small |first7=Dylan S. |last8=Hashemi |first8=Sean |last9=Niknam |first9=Bijan A. |last10=Neuman |first10=Mark D. |last11=Fleisher |first11=Lee A. |date=2020-11-17 |title=Alzheimer's Dementia After Exposure to Anesthesia and Surgery in the Elderly: A Matched Natural Experiment Using Appendicitis |url=https://journals.lww.com/10.1097/SLA.0000000000004632 |journal=Annals of Surgery |language=en |volume=Publish Ahead of Print |doi=10.1097/SLA.0000000000004632 |issn=0003-4932 |pmc=8437105 |pmid=33214467}}</ref> racial disparities in health outcomes,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silber |first=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Clark |first3=Amy S. |last4=Giantonio |first4=Bruce J. |last5=Ross |first5=Richard N. |last6=Teng |first6=Yun |last7=Wang |first7=Min |last8=Niknam |first8=Bijan A. |last9=Ludwig |first9=Justin M. |last10=Wang |first10=Wei |last11=Even-Shoshan |first11=Orit |date=2013-07-24 |title=Characteristics Associated With Differences in Survival Among Black and White Women With Breast Cancer |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2013.8272 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=310 |issue=4 |pages=389 |doi=10.1001/jama.2013.8272 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silber |first=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Ross |first3=Richard N. |last4=Niknam |first4=Bijan A. |last5=Ludwig |first5=Justin M. |last6=Wang |first6=Wei |last7=Clark |first7=Amy S. |last8=Fox |first8=Kevin R. |last9=Wang |first9=Min |last10=Even-Shoshan |first10=Orit |last11=Giantonio |first11=Bruce J. |date=2014-12-16 |title=Racial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival: A Matched Cohort Study |url=http://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326/M14-0900 |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |language=en |volume=161 |issue=12 |pages=845 |doi=10.7326/M14-0900 |issn=0003-4819}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Silber |first=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Ross |first3=Richard N. |last4=Reiter |first4=Joseph G. |last5=Niknam |first5=Bijan A. |last6=Hill |first6=Alexander S. |last7=Bongiorno |first7=Diana M. |last8=Shah |first8=Shivani A. |last9=Hochman |first9=Lauren L. |last10=Even‐Shoshan |first10=Orit |last11=Fox |first11=Kevin R. |date=2018 |title=Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival by Socioeconomic Status Despite Medicare and Medicaid Insurance |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-0009.12355 |journal=The Milbank Quarterly |language=en |volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=706–754 |doi=10.1111/1468-0009.12355 |issn=0887-378X |pmc=6287075 |pmid=30537364}}</ref> instrumental variables,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Imbens |first=Guido W. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |date=2005 |title=Robust, accurate confidence intervals with a weak instrument: quarter of birth and education |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2004.00339.x |journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) |language=en |volume=168 |issue=1 |pages=109–126 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-985X.2004.00339.x |issn=0964-1998}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baiocchi |first=Mike |last2=Small |first2=Dylan S. |last3=Lorch |first3=Scott |last4=Rosenbaum |first4=Paul R. |date=2010-12-01 |title=Building a Stronger Instrument in an Observational Study of Perinatal Care for Premature Infants |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1198/jasa.2010.ap09490 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=105 |issue=492 |pages=1285–1296 |doi=10.1198/jasa.2010.ap09490 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> [[psychometrics]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1984 |title=Testing the conditional independence and monotonicity assumptions of item response theory |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02306030 |journal=Psychometrika |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=425–435 |doi=10.1007/BF02306030 |issn=0033-3123}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holland |first=Paul W. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |date=1986-12-01 |title=Conditional Association and Unidimensionality in Monotone Latent Variable Models |url=https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-statistics/volume-14/issue-4/Conditional-Association-and-Unidimensionality-in-Monotone-Latent-Variable-Models/10.1214/aos/1176350174.full |journal=The Annals of Statistics |volume=14 |issue=4 |doi=10.1214/aos/1176350174 |issn=0090-5364}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1988 |title=Item bundles |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02294217 |journal=Psychometrika |language=en |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=349–359 |doi=10.1007/BF02294217 |issn=0033-3123}}</ref> and experimental design.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1996 |title=Some Useful Compound Dispersion Experiments in Quality Design |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00401706.1996.10484547 |journal=Technometrics |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=354–364 |doi=10.1080/00401706.1996.10484547 |issn=0040-1706}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greevy |first=R. |date=2004-04-01 |title=Optimal multivariate matching before randomization |url=https://academic.oup.com/biostatistics/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biostatistics/5.2.263 |journal=Biostatistics |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=263–275 |doi=10.1093/biostatistics/5.2.263 |issn=1465-4644}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greevy |first=Robert |last2=Silber |first2=Jeffrey H |last3=Cnaan |first3=Avital |last4=Rosenbaum |first4=Paul R |date=2004 |title=Randomization Inference With Imperfect Compliance in the ACE-Inhibitor After Anthracycline Randomized Trial |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/016214504000000025 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=99 |issue=465 |pages=7–15 |doi=10.1198/016214504000000025 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref>
'''Paul R. Rosenbaum''' is the Robert G. Putzel Professor Emeritus in the Department of Statistics and Data Science at [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania]], where he worked from 1986 through 2021.[http://www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu/~rosenbap/index.html] [https://statistics.wharton.upenn.edu/profile/rosenbap/][https://ldi.upenn.edu/fellows/fellows-directory/paul-r-rosenbaum-phd/] He has written extensively about [[causal inference]] in [[Observational study|observational studies]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul |title=Observational Studies |publisher=Springer |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-387-98967-9 |location=New York |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul |title=Design of Observational Studies |publisher=Springer |year=2020 |isbn=978-3-030-46404-2 |location=New York |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul |title=Observation and Experiment: An Introduction to Causal Inference |publisher=Harvard University Press |year=2017 |isbn=9780674975576 |location=Cambridge, MA |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul |title=Replication and Evidence Factors in Observational Studies |publisher=Chapman & Hall/CRC |year=2021 |isbn=9780367483883}}</ref> including sensitivity analysis,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1987 |title=Sensitivity analysis for certain permutation inferences in matched observational studies |url=https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/74.1.13 |journal=Biometrika |language=en |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=13–26 |doi=10.1093/biomet/74.1.13 |issn=0006-3444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2007 |title=Sensitivity Analysis for m-Estimates, Tests, and Confidence Intervals in Matched Observational Studies |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00717.x |journal=Biometrics |language=en |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=456–464 |doi=10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00717.x|pmid=17688498 |s2cid=21050925 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2018-12-01 |title=Sensitivity analysis for stratified comparisons in an observational study of the effect of smoking on homocysteine levels |url=https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-applied-statistics/volume-12/issue-4/Sensitivity-analysis-for-stratified-comparisons-in-an-observational-study-of/10.1214/18-AOAS1153.full |journal=The Annals of Applied Statistics |volume=12 |issue=4 |doi=10.1214/18-AOAS1153 |s2cid=13690034 |issn=1932-6157}}</ref> optimal matching,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1989 |title=Optimal Matching for Observational Studies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1989.10478868 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=84 |issue=408 |pages=1024–1032 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1989.10478868 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2020-03-09 |title=Modern Algorithms for Matching in Observational Studies |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-statistics-031219-041058 |journal=Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=143–176 |doi=10.1146/annurev-statistics-031219-041058 |bibcode=2020AnRSA...7..143R |s2cid=201909114 |issn=2326-8298}}</ref> design sensitivity,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=P. R. |date=2004-03-01 |title=Design sensitivity in observational studies |url=https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/91.1.153 |journal=Biometrika |language=en |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=153–164 |doi=10.1093/biomet/91.1.153 |issn=0006-3444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2005 |title=Heterogeneity and Causality: Unit Heterogeneity and Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27643648 |journal=The American Statistician |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=147–152 |doi=10.1198/000313005X42831 |jstor=27643648 |s2cid=12823947 |issn=0003-1305}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2010 |title=Design Sensitivity and Efficiency in Observational Studies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/jasa.2010.tm09570 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=105 |issue=490 |pages=692–702 |doi=10.1198/jasa.2010.tm09570 |s2cid=120865008 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> evidence factors,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=P. R. |date=2010-06-01 |title=Evidence factors in observational studies |url=https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/asq019 |journal=Biometrika |language=en |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=333–345 |doi=10.1093/biomet/asq019 |issn=0006-3444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2011 |title=Some Approximate Evidence Factors in Observational Studies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10422 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=106 |issue=493 |pages=285–295 |doi=10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10422 |s2cid=121667170 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> quasi-experimental devices,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1984 |title=From Association to Causation in Observational Studies: The Role of Tests of Strongly Ignorable Treatment Assignment |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1984.10477060 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=79 |issue=385 |pages=41–48 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1984.10477060 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1987-08-01 |title=The Role of a Second Control Group in an Observational Study |url=https://projecteuclid.org/journals/statistical-science/volume-2/issue-3/The-Role-of-a-Second-Control-Group-in-an-Observational/10.1214/ss/1177013232.full |journal=Statistical Science |volume=2 |issue=3 |doi=10.1214/ss/1177013232 |issn=0883-4237}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2015-04-10 |title=How to See More in Observational Studies: Some New Quasi-Experimental Devices |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-statistics-010814-020201 |journal=Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=21–48 |doi=10.1146/annurev-statistics-010814-020201 |bibcode=2015AnRSA...2...21R |issn=2326-8298}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=2021-09-21 |title=Sensitivity analyses informed by tests for bias in observational studies |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/biom.13558 |journal=Biometrics |language=en |pages=biom.13558 |doi=10.1111/biom.13558 |pmid=34505285 |s2cid=237468196 |issn=0006-341X}}</ref> and (with [[Donald Rubin|Donald B. Rubin]]) the [[Propensity score matching|propensity score]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rosenbaum |first1=Paul R. |last2=Rubin |first2=Donald B. |date=1983 |title=The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects |url=https://academic.oup.com/biomet/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 |journal=Biometrika |language=en |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=41–55 |doi=10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 |issn=0006-3444}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rosenbaum |first1=Paul R. |last2=Rubin |first2=Donald B. |date=1984 |title=Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1984.10478078 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=79 |issue=387 |pages=516–524 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1984.10478078 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1984 |title=Conditional Permutation Tests and the Propensity Score in Observational Studies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1984.10478082 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=79 |issue=387 |pages=565–574 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1984.10478082 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rosenbaum |first1=Paul R. |last2=Rubin |first2=Donald B. |date=1985 |title=Constructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods That Incorporate the Propensity Score |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2683903 |journal=The American Statistician |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=33 |doi=10.2307/2683903|jstor=2683903 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1987 |title=Model-Based Direct Adjustment |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1987.10478441 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=82 |issue=398 |pages=387–394 |doi=10.1080/01621459.1987.10478441 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> With various coauthors, he has also written about [[Outcomes research|health outcomes]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Silber |first1=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Ross |first3=Richard N. |last4=Ludwig |first4=Justin M. |last5=Wang |first5=Wei |last6=Niknam |first6=Bijan A. |last7=Mukherjee |first7=Nabanita |last8=Saynisch |first8=Philip A. |last9=Even‐Shoshan |first9=Orit |last10=Kelz |first10=Rachel R. |last11=Fleisher |first11=Lee A. |date=2014 |title=Template Matching for Auditing Hospital Cost and Quality |journal=Health Services Research |language=en |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1446–1474 |doi=10.1111/1475-6773.12156 |issn=0017-9124 |pmc=4213044 |pmid=24588413}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Neuman |first1=Mark D. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Ludwig |first3=Justin M. |last4=Zubizarreta |first4=Jose R. |last5=Silber |first5=Jeffrey H. |date=2014-06-25 |title=Anesthesia Technique, Mortality, and Length of Stay After Hip Fracture Surgery |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=311 |issue=24 |pages=2508–2517 |doi=10.1001/jama.2014.6499 |issn=0098-7484 |pmc=4344128 |pmid=25058085}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Silber |first1=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=McHugh |first3=Matthew D. |last4=Ludwig |first4=Justin M. |last5=Smith |first5=Herbert L. |last6=Niknam |first6=Bijan A. |last7=Even-Shoshan |first7=Orit |last8=Fleisher |first8=Lee A. |last9=Kelz |first9=Rachel R. |last10=Aiken |first10=Linda H. |date=2016-06-01 |title=Comparison of the Value of Nursing Work Environments in Hospitals Across Different Levels of Patient Risk |journal=JAMA Surgery |language=en |volume=151 |issue=6 |pages=527–536 |doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4908 |issn=2168-6254 |pmc=4957817 |pmid=26791112}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Silber |first1=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Reiter |first3=Joseph G. |last4=Hill |first4=Alexander S. |last5=Jain |first5=Siddharth |last6=Wolk |first6=David A. |last7=Small |first7=Dylan S. |last8=Hashemi |first8=Sean |last9=Niknam |first9=Bijan A. |last10=Neuman |first10=Mark D. |last11=Fleisher |first11=Lee A. |date=2020-11-17 |title=Alzheimer's Dementia After Exposure to Anesthesia and Surgery in the Elderly: A Matched Natural Experiment Using Appendicitis |journal=Annals of Surgery |language=en |volume=Publish Ahead of Print |doi=10.1097/SLA.0000000000004632 |issn=0003-4932 |pmc=8437105 |pmid=33214467|pmc-embargo-date=May 17, 2022 }}</ref> racial disparities in health outcomes,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Silber |first1=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Clark |first3=Amy S. |last4=Giantonio |first4=Bruce J. |last5=Ross |first5=Richard N. |last6=Teng |first6=Yun |last7=Wang |first7=Min |last8=Niknam |first8=Bijan A. |last9=Ludwig |first9=Justin M. |last10=Wang |first10=Wei |last11=Even-Shoshan |first11=Orit |date=2013-07-24 |title=Characteristics Associated With Differences in Survival Among Black and White Women With Breast Cancer |url=http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2013.8272 |journal=JAMA |language=en |volume=310 |issue=4 |pages=389–397 |doi=10.1001/jama.2013.8272 |pmid=23917289 |issn=0098-7484}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Silber |first1=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Ross |first3=Richard N. |last4=Niknam |first4=Bijan A. |last5=Ludwig |first5=Justin M. |last6=Wang |first6=Wei |last7=Clark |first7=Amy S. |last8=Fox |first8=Kevin R. |last9=Wang |first9=Min |last10=Even-Shoshan |first10=Orit |last11=Giantonio |first11=Bruce J. |date=2014-12-16 |title=Racial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival: A Matched Cohort Study |url=http://annals.org/article.aspx?doi=10.7326/M14-0900 |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |language=en |volume=161 |issue=12 |pages=845–854 |doi=10.7326/M14-0900 |pmid=25506853 |s2cid=3129661 |issn=0003-4819}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Silber |first1=Jeffrey H. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |last3=Ross |first3=Richard N. |last4=Reiter |first4=Joseph G. |last5=Niknam |first5=Bijan A. |last6=Hill |first6=Alexander S. |last7=Bongiorno |first7=Diana M. |last8=Shah |first8=Shivani A. |last9=Hochman |first9=Lauren L. |last10=Even‐Shoshan |first10=Orit |last11=Fox |first11=Kevin R. |date=2018 |title=Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival by Socioeconomic Status Despite Medicare and Medicaid Insurance |journal=The Milbank Quarterly |language=en |volume=96 |issue=4 |pages=706–754 |doi=10.1111/1468-0009.12355 |issn=0887-378X |pmc=6287075 |pmid=30537364}}</ref> instrumental variables,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Imbens |first1=Guido W. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |date=2005 |title=Robust, accurate confidence intervals with a weak instrument: quarter of birth and education |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-985X.2004.00339.x |journal=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) |language=en |volume=168 |issue=1 |pages=109–126 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-985X.2004.00339.x |s2cid=45201925 |issn=0964-1998}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Baiocchi |first1=Mike |last2=Small |first2=Dylan S. |last3=Lorch |first3=Scott |last4=Rosenbaum |first4=Paul R. |date=2010-12-01 |title=Building a Stronger Instrument in an Observational Study of Perinatal Care for Premature Infants |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1198/jasa.2010.ap09490 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=105 |issue=492 |pages=1285–1296 |doi=10.1198/jasa.2010.ap09490 |s2cid=17705415 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref> [[psychometrics]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1984 |title=Testing the conditional independence and monotonicity assumptions of item response theory |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02306030 |journal=Psychometrika |language=en |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=425–435 |doi=10.1007/BF02306030 |s2cid=121253844 |issn=0033-3123}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Holland |first1=Paul W. |last2=Rosenbaum |first2=Paul R. |date=1986-12-01 |title=Conditional Association and Unidimensionality in Monotone Latent Variable Models |url=https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-statistics/volume-14/issue-4/Conditional-Association-and-Unidimensionality-in-Monotone-Latent-Variable-Models/10.1214/aos/1176350174.full |journal=The Annals of Statistics |volume=14 |issue=4 |doi=10.1214/aos/1176350174 |issn=0090-5364}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1988 |title=Item bundles |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02294217 |journal=Psychometrika |language=en |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=349–359 |doi=10.1007/BF02294217 |s2cid=186240078 |issn=0033-3123}}</ref> and experimental design.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rosenbaum |first=Paul R. |date=1996 |title=Some Useful Compound Dispersion Experiments in Quality Design |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00401706.1996.10484547 |journal=Technometrics |language=en |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=354–364 |doi=10.1080/00401706.1996.10484547 |issn=0040-1706}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Greevy |first=R. |date=2004-04-01 |title=Optimal multivariate matching before randomization |url=https://academic.oup.com/biostatistics/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/biostatistics/5.2.263 |journal=Biostatistics |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=263–275 |doi=10.1093/biostatistics/5.2.263 |pmid=15054030 |issn=1465-4644}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Greevy |first1=Robert |last2=Silber |first2=Jeffrey H |last3=Cnaan |first3=Avital |last4=Rosenbaum |first4=Paul R |date=2004 |title=Randomization Inference With Imperfect Compliance in the ACE-Inhibitor After Anthracycline Randomized Trial |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1198/016214504000000025 |journal=Journal of the American Statistical Association |language=en |volume=99 |issue=465 |pages=7–15 |doi=10.1198/016214504000000025 |s2cid=26622380 |issn=0162-1459}}</ref>




Revision as of 08:14, 15 April 2022

Paul R. Rosenbaum is the Robert G. Putzel Professor Emeritus in the Department of Statistics and Data Science at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he worked from 1986 through 2021.[1] [2][3] He has written extensively about causal inference in observational studies,[1][2][3][4] including sensitivity analysis,[5][6][7] optimal matching,[8][9] design sensitivity,[10][11][12] evidence factors,[13][14] quasi-experimental devices,[15][16][17][18] and (with Donald B. Rubin) the propensity score.[19][20][21][22][23] With various coauthors, he has also written about health outcomes,[24][25][26][27] racial disparities in health outcomes,[28][29][30] instrumental variables,[31][32] psychometrics[33][34][35] and experimental design.[36][37][38]


Rosenbaum is the author of several books: (i) Observational Studies, first edition 1995, second edition 2002, in the Springer Series in Statistics, New York: Springer, (ii) Design of Observational Studies, first edition 2010, second edition 2020, in the Springer Series in Statistics, New York: Springer, (iii) Observation and Experiment: An Introduction to Causal Inference, 2017, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, (iv) Replication and Evidence Factors in Observational Studies, 2021, in the Chapman & Hall/CRC Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability, 167, New York: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group.


For work in causal inference, the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies gave Rosenbaum the R. A. Fisher Award and Lectureship in 2019 and the George W. Snedecor Award in 2003. His R. A. Fisher Lecture is available on YouTube beginning at minute 32. He received Nathan Mantel Award from the Section on Statistics in Epidemiology of the American Statistical Association in 2017, and the Long-Term Excellence Award from the Health Policy Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association in 2018. He delivered an Institute of Mathematical Statistics Medallion Lecture about evidence factors in 2020, and a complete and a short version of the lecture are available on YouTube. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.[39]

References

  1. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul (2002). Observational Studies. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-98967-9.
  2. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul (2020). Design of Observational Studies. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-3-030-46404-2.
  3. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul (2017). Observation and Experiment: An Introduction to Causal Inference. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674975576.
  4. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul (2021). Replication and Evidence Factors in Observational Studies. Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN 9780367483883.
  5. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1987). "Sensitivity analysis for certain permutation inferences in matched observational studies". Biometrika. 74 (1): 13–26. doi:10.1093/biomet/74.1.13. ISSN 0006-3444.
  6. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2007). "Sensitivity Analysis for m-Estimates, Tests, and Confidence Intervals in Matched Observational Studies". Biometrics. 63 (2): 456–464. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00717.x. PMID 17688498. S2CID 21050925.
  7. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2018-12-01). "Sensitivity analysis for stratified comparisons in an observational study of the effect of smoking on homocysteine levels". The Annals of Applied Statistics. 12 (4). doi:10.1214/18-AOAS1153. ISSN 1932-6157. S2CID 13690034.
  8. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1989). "Optimal Matching for Observational Studies". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 84 (408): 1024–1032. doi:10.1080/01621459.1989.10478868. ISSN 0162-1459.
  9. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2020-03-09). "Modern Algorithms for Matching in Observational Studies". Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application. 7 (1): 143–176. Bibcode:2020AnRSA...7..143R. doi:10.1146/annurev-statistics-031219-041058. ISSN 2326-8298. S2CID 201909114.
  10. ^ Rosenbaum, P. R. (2004-03-01). "Design sensitivity in observational studies". Biometrika. 91 (1): 153–164. doi:10.1093/biomet/91.1.153. ISSN 0006-3444.
  11. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2005). "Heterogeneity and Causality: Unit Heterogeneity and Design Sensitivity in Observational Studies". The American Statistician. 59 (2): 147–152. doi:10.1198/000313005X42831. ISSN 0003-1305. JSTOR 27643648. S2CID 12823947.
  12. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2010). "Design Sensitivity and Efficiency in Observational Studies". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 105 (490): 692–702. doi:10.1198/jasa.2010.tm09570. ISSN 0162-1459. S2CID 120865008.
  13. ^ Rosenbaum, P. R. (2010-06-01). "Evidence factors in observational studies". Biometrika. 97 (2): 333–345. doi:10.1093/biomet/asq019. ISSN 0006-3444.
  14. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2011). "Some Approximate Evidence Factors in Observational Studies". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 106 (493): 285–295. doi:10.1198/jasa.2011.tm10422. ISSN 0162-1459. S2CID 121667170.
  15. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1984). "From Association to Causation in Observational Studies: The Role of Tests of Strongly Ignorable Treatment Assignment". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 79 (385): 41–48. doi:10.1080/01621459.1984.10477060. ISSN 0162-1459.
  16. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1987-08-01). "The Role of a Second Control Group in an Observational Study". Statistical Science. 2 (3). doi:10.1214/ss/1177013232. ISSN 0883-4237.
  17. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2015-04-10). "How to See More in Observational Studies: Some New Quasi-Experimental Devices". Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application. 2 (1): 21–48. Bibcode:2015AnRSA...2...21R. doi:10.1146/annurev-statistics-010814-020201. ISSN 2326-8298.
  18. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2021-09-21). "Sensitivity analyses informed by tests for bias in observational studies". Biometrics: biom.13558. doi:10.1111/biom.13558. ISSN 0006-341X. PMID 34505285. S2CID 237468196.
  19. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Rubin, Donald B. (1983). "The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects". Biometrika. 70 (1): 41–55. doi:10.1093/biomet/70.1.41. ISSN 0006-3444.
  20. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Rubin, Donald B. (1984). "Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 79 (387): 516–524. doi:10.1080/01621459.1984.10478078. ISSN 0162-1459.
  21. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1984). "Conditional Permutation Tests and the Propensity Score in Observational Studies". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 79 (387): 565–574. doi:10.1080/01621459.1984.10478082. ISSN 0162-1459.
  22. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Rubin, Donald B. (1985). "Constructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods That Incorporate the Propensity Score". The American Statistician. 39 (1): 33. doi:10.2307/2683903. JSTOR 2683903.
  23. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1987). "Model-Based Direct Adjustment". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 82 (398): 387–394. doi:10.1080/01621459.1987.10478441. ISSN 0162-1459.
  24. ^ Silber, Jeffrey H.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Ross, Richard N.; Ludwig, Justin M.; Wang, Wei; Niknam, Bijan A.; Mukherjee, Nabanita; Saynisch, Philip A.; Even‐Shoshan, Orit; Kelz, Rachel R.; Fleisher, Lee A. (2014). "Template Matching for Auditing Hospital Cost and Quality". Health Services Research. 49 (5): 1446–1474. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12156. ISSN 0017-9124. PMC 4213044. PMID 24588413.
  25. ^ Neuman, Mark D.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Ludwig, Justin M.; Zubizarreta, Jose R.; Silber, Jeffrey H. (2014-06-25). "Anesthesia Technique, Mortality, and Length of Stay After Hip Fracture Surgery". JAMA. 311 (24): 2508–2517. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.6499. ISSN 0098-7484. PMC 4344128. PMID 25058085.
  26. ^ Silber, Jeffrey H.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.; McHugh, Matthew D.; Ludwig, Justin M.; Smith, Herbert L.; Niknam, Bijan A.; Even-Shoshan, Orit; Fleisher, Lee A.; Kelz, Rachel R.; Aiken, Linda H. (2016-06-01). "Comparison of the Value of Nursing Work Environments in Hospitals Across Different Levels of Patient Risk". JAMA Surgery. 151 (6): 527–536. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2015.4908. ISSN 2168-6254. PMC 4957817. PMID 26791112.
  27. ^ Silber, Jeffrey H.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Reiter, Joseph G.; Hill, Alexander S.; Jain, Siddharth; Wolk, David A.; Small, Dylan S.; Hashemi, Sean; Niknam, Bijan A.; Neuman, Mark D.; Fleisher, Lee A. (2020-11-17). "Alzheimer's Dementia After Exposure to Anesthesia and Surgery in the Elderly: A Matched Natural Experiment Using Appendicitis". Annals of Surgery. Publish Ahead of Print. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004632. ISSN 0003-4932. PMC 8437105. PMID 33214467.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired (link)
  28. ^ Silber, Jeffrey H.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Clark, Amy S.; Giantonio, Bruce J.; Ross, Richard N.; Teng, Yun; Wang, Min; Niknam, Bijan A.; Ludwig, Justin M.; Wang, Wei; Even-Shoshan, Orit (2013-07-24). "Characteristics Associated With Differences in Survival Among Black and White Women With Breast Cancer". JAMA. 310 (4): 389–397. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.8272. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 23917289.
  29. ^ Silber, Jeffrey H.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Ross, Richard N.; Niknam, Bijan A.; Ludwig, Justin M.; Wang, Wei; Clark, Amy S.; Fox, Kevin R.; Wang, Min; Even-Shoshan, Orit; Giantonio, Bruce J. (2014-12-16). "Racial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival: A Matched Cohort Study". Annals of Internal Medicine. 161 (12): 845–854. doi:10.7326/M14-0900. ISSN 0003-4819. PMID 25506853. S2CID 3129661.
  30. ^ Silber, Jeffrey H.; Rosenbaum, Paul R.; Ross, Richard N.; Reiter, Joseph G.; Niknam, Bijan A.; Hill, Alexander S.; Bongiorno, Diana M.; Shah, Shivani A.; Hochman, Lauren L.; Even‐Shoshan, Orit; Fox, Kevin R. (2018). "Disparities in Breast Cancer Survival by Socioeconomic Status Despite Medicare and Medicaid Insurance". The Milbank Quarterly. 96 (4): 706–754. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12355. ISSN 0887-378X. PMC 6287075. PMID 30537364.
  31. ^ Imbens, Guido W.; Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2005). "Robust, accurate confidence intervals with a weak instrument: quarter of birth and education". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society). 168 (1): 109–126. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2004.00339.x. ISSN 0964-1998. S2CID 45201925.
  32. ^ Baiocchi, Mike; Small, Dylan S.; Lorch, Scott; Rosenbaum, Paul R. (2010-12-01). "Building a Stronger Instrument in an Observational Study of Perinatal Care for Premature Infants". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 105 (492): 1285–1296. doi:10.1198/jasa.2010.ap09490. ISSN 0162-1459. S2CID 17705415.
  33. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1984). "Testing the conditional independence and monotonicity assumptions of item response theory". Psychometrika. 49 (3): 425–435. doi:10.1007/BF02306030. ISSN 0033-3123. S2CID 121253844.
  34. ^ Holland, Paul W.; Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1986-12-01). "Conditional Association and Unidimensionality in Monotone Latent Variable Models". The Annals of Statistics. 14 (4). doi:10.1214/aos/1176350174. ISSN 0090-5364.
  35. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1988). "Item bundles". Psychometrika. 53 (3): 349–359. doi:10.1007/BF02294217. ISSN 0033-3123. S2CID 186240078.
  36. ^ Rosenbaum, Paul R. (1996). "Some Useful Compound Dispersion Experiments in Quality Design". Technometrics. 38 (4): 354–364. doi:10.1080/00401706.1996.10484547. ISSN 0040-1706.
  37. ^ Greevy, R. (2004-04-01). "Optimal multivariate matching before randomization". Biostatistics. 5 (2): 263–275. doi:10.1093/biostatistics/5.2.263. ISSN 1465-4644. PMID 15054030.
  38. ^ Greevy, Robert; Silber, Jeffrey H; Cnaan, Avital; Rosenbaum, Paul R (2004). "Randomization Inference With Imperfect Compliance in the ACE-Inhibitor After Anthracycline Randomized Trial". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 99 (465): 7–15. doi:10.1198/016214504000000025. ISSN 0162-1459. S2CID 26622380.
  39. ^ "Fellows". upenn.edu. Archived from the original on October 2, 2016. Retrieved February 24, 2017.


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