William H. Seward and User talk:N-Archy786: Difference between pages
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:''This article is about the New York Governor and Secretary of State. For his son, see [[William H. Seward, Jr.]] For others with that name, see [[William Henry Seward (disambiguation)]].'' |
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{{Infobox US Cabinet official |
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|name=William Henry Seward |
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|image=William Seward, Secretary of State, bw photo portrait circa 1860-1865.jpg |
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|image_width=250px |
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|order=24th |
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|title=[[United States Secretary of State]] |
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|president=[[Abraham Lincoln]]<br>[[Andrew Johnson]] |
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|term_start=[[March 5]], [[1861]] |
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|term_end=[[March 4]], [[1869]] |
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|predecessor=[[Jeremiah S. Black]] |
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|successor=[[Elihu B. Washburne]] |
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|order2=12th |
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|title2=[[Governor of New York]] |
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|lieutenant2=[[Luther Bradish]] |
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|term_start2=[[January 1]], [[1839]] |
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|term_end2=[[December 31]], [[1842]] |
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|predecessor2=[[William L. Marcy]] |
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|successor2=[[William C. Bouck]] |
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|jr/sr3=United States Senator |
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|state3=[[New York]] |
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|term_start3=[[March 4]], [[1849]] |
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|term_end3=[[March 3]], [[1861]] |
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|predecessor3=[[John Adams Dix|John A. Dix]] |
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|successor3=[[Ira Harris]] |
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|birth_date={{birth date|1801|5|16|mf=y}} |
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|birth_place=[[Florida, Orange County, New York|Florida, New York]], [[United States|U.S.]] |
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|death_date={{death date and age|1872|10|10|1801|05|16}} |
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|death_place=[[Auburn, New York]], [[United States|U.S.]] |
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|party=[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]], [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] |
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|spouse=[[Frances Adeline Seward]] |
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|profession=[[Lawyer]], [[Real estate broker|Land Agent]], [[Politician]] |
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|religion=[[Anglicanism|Episcopalian]] |
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}} |
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'''William Henry Seward, Sr.''' ([[May 16]], [[1801]]{{ndash}} [[October 10]], [[1872]]) was a [[Governor of New York]], [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] and the [[United States Secretary of State]] under [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Andrew Johnson]]. An outspoken opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the [[American Civil War]], he was a dominant figure in the [[Republican party (United States)|Republican party]] in its formative years, and was widely regarded as the leading contender for the party's [[President of the United States|presidential]] nomination in [[United States presidential election, 1860|1860]]{{ndash}} yet his very outspokenness may have cost him the the nomination. Despite his loss, he became a loyal member of Lincoln's wartime cabinet, and played a role in preventing foreign intervention early in the war.<ref>[http://www.lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=1017 Brian Jenkins (1978) "The "Wise Macaw" and the Lion: William Seward and Britain, 1861-1863" University of Rochester Library Bulletin, Vol. 31 No. 1]</ref> On the night of [[Abraham Lincoln Assassination|Lincoln's assassination]], he survived an attempt on his life in the conspirators' effort to decapitate the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] government. As Johnson's Secretary of State, he engineered the purchase of [[Alaska]] from [[Russia]] in an act that was ridiculed at the time as [[Alaska purchase|"Seward's Folly,"]] but which exemplified his character. His contemporary [[Carl Schurz]] described Seward as "one of those spirits who sometimes will go ahead of public opinion instead of tamely following its footprints."<ref>Doris Kearns Goodwin (2005) ''Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln,'' New York: Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-684-82490-6, p. 14</ref> |
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==Speedy deletion of [[:N-Archy]]== |
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==Early life and career== |
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[[Image:Ambox warning_pn.svg|48px|left]] A tag has been placed on [[:N-Archy]] requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under [[WP:CSD#A7|section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion]], because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the [[WP:CSD#Articles|criteria for speedy deletion]], articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please [[Wikipedia:Notability|see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable]], as well as our subject-specific [[Wikipedia:Notability (people)|notability guideline for biographies]]. |
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If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding <code>{{tl|hangon}}</code> to '''the top of [[:N-Archy|the page that has been nominated for deletion]]''' (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on '''[[ Talk:N-Archy|the talk page]]''' explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for ''speedy'' deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Lastly, please note that if the article does get deleted, you can contact [[:Category:Wikipedia administrators who will provide copies of deleted articles|one of these admins]] to request that a copy be emailed to you. <!-- Template:Db-bio-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Xdenizen|X MarX the Spot]] ([[User talk:Xdenizen|talk]]) 04:37, 10 October 2008 (UTC) |
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Seward was born in [[Florida, Orange County, New York]], on [[May 16]], [[1801]], one of five children of Samuel Sweezy Seward and his wife Mary Jennings Seward. Samuel Seward, described as "a prosperous, domineering doctor and businessman,"<ref>[http://www.lib.rochester.edu/index.cfm?page=3452 Glyndon G. Van Deusen, "The Life and Career of William Henry Seward 1801-1872"]</ref> was the founder of the [[S. S. Seward Institute]], today a [[Secondary education|secondary school]] in the [[Florida Union Free School District]].<ref> [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990DE4D7133BF937A2575AC0A9659C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2 Julia Lawlor, "If You're Thinking of Living In/Warwick; Wide Open Spaces and 'Funky Flair' (2003)"]</ref> |
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Seward studied [[law]] at [[Union College]], graduating in [[1820]] with highest honors. He was admitted to the [[New York State Bar Association|New York State Bar]] in [[1821]].<ref>[http://www.sewardhouse.org/biography/ William H. Seward Biography, Seward House: A National Historic Landmark]</ref> In that same year, he met [[Frances Adeline Seward|Frances Adeline Miller]], a classmate of his sister Cornelia at [[Emma Willard|Emma Willard's]] [[Emma Willard School|Troy Female Seminary]] and the daughter of Judge [[Elijah Miller]] of [[Auburn, New York]]. In [[1823]], he moved to Auburn where he entered into law partnership with Judge Miller, and married Frances Miller on [[October 20]], [[1824]]. They raised five children: |
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*[[Augustus Henry Seward]] (1826–1876) |
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*[[Frederick William Seward]] (1830–1915) |
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*[[Cornelia Seward]] (1836–1837) |
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*[[William Henry Seward, Jr.]] (1839–1920) |
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*[[Frances Adeline "Fanny" Seward]] (1844–1866) |
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Some years after his wife's death in 1865, Seward formally [[adoption|adopted]] his companion [[Olive Risley Seward]] (1841-1908) as his "daughter." |
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Seward entered politics with the help of his friend [[Thurlow Weed]], whom he had met by chance after a stagecoach accident.<ref>Doris Kearns Goodwin. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, p. 70 (2005).</ref> In 1830, Seward was elected to the state senate as an [[Anti-Masonic Party|Anti-Masonic]] candidate, and served for four years. In 1834, the 33-year-old Seward was named the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig party]] candidate for [[Governor of New York]], but lost to incumbent [[Democratic Party (U.S.)|Democrat]] [[William Marcy]] who won 52% of the vote to Seward's 48%. |
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From [[1836]] to [[1838]], Seward served as agent for the [[Holland Land Company]] in [[Westfield (village), New York|Westfield, New York]], where he was successful in easing tensions between the company and local landowners. On [[July 16]], [[1837]], he delivered to the students and faculty of the newly-formed Westfield Academy a ''Discourse on Education'', in which he advocated for universal education.<ref name = "Discourse on Education">{{cite book |last=Seward |first=William H.|authorlink= |title=Discourse on Education |origdate= |origyear= |origmonth= |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vmoCKqi3Cx8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=seward+discourse+on+education |accessdate= |date= |publisher=(Albany: Hoffman & White, 1837) |id= |pages=}}</ref> |
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In 1838, Seward again challenged Marcy, and was elected Governor of New York by a majority of 51.4% to Marcy's 48.6%. He was narrowly re-elected to a second two-year term in 1840. As a state senator and governor, Seward promoted progressive political policies including prison reform and increased spending on education. He supported state funding for schools for immigrants operated by their own clergy and taught in their native language. This support, which included [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[Parochial school|parochial schools]], came back to haunt him in the 1850s, when anti-Catholic feelings were high, especially among ex-Whigs in the Republican Party. |
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[[Image:Frances Adeline Miller Seward.jpg|thumb|left|Seward's wife [[Frances Adeline Seward]].]] |
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Beginning in the late 1830s, Seward became a radical opponent of slavery. His views{{ndash}} and the even stronger anti-slavery feelings of his wife{{ndash}} were formed in part by their observations of the conditions of slavery while traveling in the South with their children in 1835.<ref>Doris Kearns Goodwin. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, pp. 77-78 (2005).</ref> He opposed the expansion of slavery and resisted attempts by Southern states to extradite those who enabled fugitive slaves to escape. |
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In 1846 Seward became the center of controversy in his hometown when he defended, in separate cases, two convicts accused of murder. Henry Wyatt, a white man, was charged in the stabbing death of a fellow prison inmate; William Freeman, of [[African American]] and [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] ancestry, was accused of breaking into a home and stabbing four people to death. In both cases the defendants were mentally ill and had been severely abused while in prison. Seward, having long been an advocate of prison reform and better treatment for the insane, sought to prevent both men from being executed by using a relatively new defense of insanity. In a case involving mental illness with heavy racial overtones Seward argued, "The color of the prisoner’s skin, and the form of his features, are not impressed upon the spiritual immortal mind which works beneath. In spite of human pride, he is still your brother, and mine, in form and color accepted and approved by his Father, and yours, and mine, and bears equally with us the proudest inheritance of our race—the image of our Maker. Hold him then to be a Man."<ref>Seward, William. ''Works of William H. Seward Vol. I'', (New York: Redfield, 1853) 417.</ref> |
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Later, Seward quoted Freeman’s brother-in-law, praising his eloquence: “They have made William Freeman what he is, a brute beast; they don’t make anything else of any of our people but brute beasts; but when we violate their laws, then they want to punish us as if we were men.”<ref>Seward, William. ''Works of William H. Seward Vol. I'', (New York: Redfield, 1853) 471.</ref> In the end both men were convicted. Although Wyatt was executed, Freeman, whose conviction was reversed on Seward's successful appeal to the [[New York Supreme Court]], died in his cell of tuberculosis. |
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[[Image:WmHSeward.jpg|thumb|right|William H. Seward (c. 1850)]] |
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==United States Senator and Presidential Candidate== |
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Seward supported the Whig candidate, General [[Zachary Taylor]], in the presidential election of 1848. He said of Taylor, "He is the most gentle-looking and amiable of men." Taylor was a slaveholding plantation owner, but was friendly to Seward anyway. |
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He was elected U.S. Senator as a Whig in 1848 and emerged as the leader of the anti-slavery "Conscience Whigs". Seward opposed the [[Compromise of 1850]], and was thought to have encouraged Taylor in his supposed opposition. More recent scholarship suggests that Taylor was not under Seward's influence and would have accepted the Compromise if he had not died.{{Fact|date=August 2008}} |
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Seward believed that slavery was morally wrong, and said so many times, outraging Southerners. He acknowledged that slavery was legal under the [[U.S. Constitution|Constitution]], but denied that the Constitution recognized or protected slavery. He famously remarked in 1850 that "there is a higher law than the Constitution". He continued to argue this point of view over the next ten years. He presented himself as the leading enemy of the [[Slave Power]]{{ndash}} that is, the perceived conspiracy of southern slaveowners to seize the government and defeat the progress of liberty. |
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Seward was an opponent of the [[Fugitive Slave Act]], and he defended runaway slaves in court. He supported [[personal liberty laws]]. |
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When the Whig Party dissolved, Seward joined the [[United States Republican Party|Republican Party]] in 1855 and was re-elected to the Senate. Seward did not seriously compete for the presidential nomination (won by [[John C. Frémont]]) in 1856, but sought and was expected to receive the nomination in 1860. In October 1858, he delivered a famous speech in which he argued that the political and economic systems of North and South were incompatible, and that, due to this "irrepressible conflict," the inevitable "collision" of the two systems would eventually result in the nation becoming "either entirely a slaveholding nation, or entirely a free-labor nation.".<ref>Doris Kearns Goodwin. ''Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln,'' p. 191 (2005).</ref> Yet, Seward was not an abolitionist. Like Lincoln, he believed slavery could and should be extinguished by long-run historical forces rather than by coercion or war.<ref>''Ibid.'', p. 192.</ref> |
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[[Image:Emancipation proclamation.jpg|thumb|left|Lincoln met with his Cabinet for the first reading of the [[Emancipation Proclamation]] draft on [[July 22]], [[1862]].]] |
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In 1859, confident of gaining the presidential nomination and advised by his political ally and friend [[Thurlow Weed]] that he would be better off avoiding political gatherings where his words might be misinterpreted by one faction or another, Seward left the country for an eight-month tour of Europe. During that hiatus, his lesser-known rival Abraham Lincoln worked diligently to line up support in case Seward failed to win on the first ballot. After returning to the United States, Seward gave a conciliatory, pro-Union Senate speech that reassured moderates but alienated some radical Republicans. (Observing events from Europe, [[Karl Marx]], who was ideologically sympathetic to Frémont, contemptuously regarded Seward as a "Republican [[Cardinal Richelieu|Richelieu]]" and the "[[Demosthenes]] of the Republican Party" who had sabotaged Frémont's presidential ambitions.) Around the same time, his friend [[Horace Greeley]] turned against him, opposing Seward on the grounds that his radical reputation made him unelectable. When Lincoln won the nomination, Seward loyally supported him and made a long speaking tour of the West in the autumn of 1860. |
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==Secretary of State== |
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[[Image:RunningtheMachine-LincAdmin.jpg|thumb|right|''Running The "Machine"''<br>An 1864 cartoon featuring Seward, [[William P. Fessenden|William Fessenden]], [[Edwin M. Stanton|Edwin Stanton]], [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[Gideon Welles]] takes a swing at the Lincoln administration.]] |
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Abraham Lincoln appointed him Secretary of State in 1861 and he served until 1869. As Secretary of State, he argued that the United States must move westward. Proposing American possession of the [[Danish West Indies]], [[Samaná]], [[Panama]], and [[Hawaii]], only the [[Midway Atoll|Brook Islands]] were annexed. Despite a minimal degree of Congressional support however, by the end of his term, Seward had established a realm of informal influence which, nonetheless included the [[Hawaiian Islands]], [[Japan]], and even, [[China]]. |
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===Assassination attempt=== |
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{{main|Abraham Lincoln assassination#William H. Seward|l1=Abraham Lincoln assassination: William H. Seward}} |
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On [[April 14]], [[1865]], [[Lewis Powell (assassin)|Lewis Powell]], an associate of [[John Wilkes Booth]], attempted to assassinate Seward, the same night and at the same moment [[Abraham Lincoln]] was shot. Powell gained access to Seward's home by telling a servant, William Bell, that he was delivering medicine for Seward, who was recovering from a recent near-fatal carriage accident on [[April 5]], [[1865]]. Powell started up the stairs when then confronted by one of Seward's sons, [[Frederick William Seward|Frederick]]. He told the intruder that his father was asleep and Powell began to start down the stairs, but suddenly swung around and pointed a gun at Frederick's head. After the gun misfired, Powell panicked, then repeatedly struck Frederick over the head with the pistol, leaving Frederick in critical condition on the floor. |
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Powell then burst into William Seward's bedroom with a [[bowie knife]] and stabbed him several times in the face and neck. Powell also attacked and injured another son (Augustus), a soldier (Private George Robinson), who had been assigned to stay with Seward, and a messenger (Emerick Hansell), who arrived just as Powell was escaping.<ref>Doris Kearns Goodwin, ''Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln'', pp. 736-37 (2005).</ref> |
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During the attack Seward was wearing a jaw splint (often incorrectly reported as a "neck brace") as a result of the carriage accident, and it is said that this saved his life. However, he carried the facial scars from the attack for the remainder of his life. The events of that night took their toll on his wife, Frances, who died June 1865. His daughter Fanny died of tuberculosis in October 1866. |
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Powell was captured the next day and was executed on [[July 7]], [[1865]], along with [[David Herold]], [[George Atzerodt]], and [[Mary Surratt]], three other conspirators in the Lincoln assassination. |
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===The purchase of Alaska=== |
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[[Image:Alaska purchase.jpg|thumb|left|The signing of the [[Alaska purchase|Alaska Treaty of Cessation]] on [[March 30]], [[1867]].]] |
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Seward's most famous achievement as Secretary of State was his successful [[Alaska Purchase|acquisition]] of [[Alaska]] from [[Russia]]. On [[March 30]], [[1867]], he completed negotiations for the territory, which involved the purchase of 586,412 square miles (1,518,800 km²) of territory (more than twice the size of [[Texas]]) for $7,200,000, or approximately 2 cents per [[acre]]. The purchase of this frontier land was alternately mocked by the public as "[[Seward's Folly]]," "Seward's Icebox," and Andrew Johnson's "polar bear garden." Currently, Alaska celebrates the purchase on [[Seward's Day]], the last Monday of March. |
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==Later life== |
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Seward retired as Secretary of State after [[Ulysses S. Grant]] took office as president. During his last years, Seward traveled and wrote prolifically. Most notably, he traveled around the world in fourteen months and two days from July, 1869 to September, 1871. On [[October 10]], [[1872]], Seward died in his office in [[William H. Seward House|his home in Auburn, New York]], after having difficulty breathing. His last words were to his children saying, "Love one another." He was buried in [[Fort Hill Cemetery]] in [[Auburn, New York]], with his wife and two children, Cornelia and Fanny. His headstone reads, “He was faithful.” |
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[[Image:WilliamHSeward.JPG|thumb|right|240px|Statue of Seward in [[Madison Square]] in [[New York City]].]] |
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His son, Frederick, edited and published his memoirs in three volumes. |
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==Legacy== |
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*The [[Alaska purchase|purchase of Alaska]]. |
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*The [[Guano Islands Act|Guano Islands Act of 1856]] |
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*The $50-dollar Treasury note, also called the Coin note, of the Series 1891, features a portrait of Seward on the obverse. Examples of this note are very rare and would likely sell for about $50,000.00 at auction. |
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*[[William H. Seward House|His house]] in [[Auburn, New York]] is open as a public museum. |
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*The house in which he lived in [[Westfield (village), New York| Westfield, New York]] is now home to the Chautauqua County Historical Society and a public museum. |
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*He was a name partner of the law firm of Blatchford, Seward & Griswold, today known as [[Cravath, Swaine & Moore]]. |
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*Was famous in his lifetime for his red hair and energetic way of walking. [[Henry Adams]] described him as "wonderfully resembling" a parrot in "manner and profile".<ref>[[Garry Wills]], ''Henry Adams and the Making of America'', 2005; p. 58, citing Adams' letters, vol. 1, p.223</ref> |
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==Memorials== |
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[[Image:Volunteer Park Seward.jpg|thumbnail|right|240px|Statue of Seward in [[Volunteer Park (Seattle)|Volunteer Park]], Seattle, Washington.]] |
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*Seward Avenue in Auburn. Also in Auburn, Frances Street, Augustus Street, and Frederick Street are named for members of his family. The four streets form a block. |
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*Seward Elementary School in Auburn. |
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*Seward Place in [[Schenectady, New York]], on the west side of the Union College campus. |
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*Seward Park in Auburn, New York. |
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*[[Seward Park (Manhattan)|Seward Park]] in the [[Lower East Side]] of [[Manhattan]]. |
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*[[Seward Park (Seattle)|Seward Park]] in [[Seattle, Washington]]. |
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*Seward Square park in [[Washington, D.C.]]. |
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*The [[Seward Peninsula]] in Alaska. |
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*[[Seward, Kansas]]; [[Seward, New York]]; [[Seward, Nebraska]]; and [[Seward, Alaska]]. |
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*[[Seward County, Nebraska]] |
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*Seward Mountain (4,361 feet, 1,329 m), one of the [[Adirondack High Peaks]], the highest point in [[Franklin County, New York|Franklin County]]. |
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*At Union College, the campus bus is known as Seward's Trolley, a pun on Seward's Folly. |
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*Seward High School in his hometown of Florida is named for his father, Dr. Samuel Seward. |
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*Statues of him in Seward Park in Auburn, in [[Madison Square Park]] in New York City, and in [[Volunteer Park (Seattle)|Volunteer Park]] in Seattle (not facing towards Alaska). |
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*The [[William Henry Seward Memorial]] in Florida, with a bust sculpted by [[Daniel Chester French]]. |
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*[[Seward Park Housing Corporation]], a [[housing cooperative]] in the [[Lower East Side]] of [[Manhattan]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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*Frederic Bancroft; ''The Life of William H. Seward'' 2 vol 1900 |
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*David Herbert Donald. ''We Are Lincoln Men: Abraham Lincoln and His Friends'' (2003) pp 140-76. |
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*Doris Kearns Goodwin. ''Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln'' (2005) ISBN 0-684-82490-6 |
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*Hendrick, Burton. ''Lincoln's War Cabinet'' (1946) |
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*Mark E. Neely Jr.; ''The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties'' Oxford University Press 1991 |
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*John M Taylor. ''William Henry Seward'' (1991) |
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*Van Deusen, Glyndon. ''William Henry Seward'' Oxford University Press, 1967 |
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*Karl Marx. ''The Dismissal of Frémont'' Die Presse No. 325, November 26, 1861 |
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*James L. Swanson, "Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer", (New York: HarperCollins 2006), 58-59. |
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*Holman Hamilton. ''Zachary Taylor: Soldier in the White House'' (1951) |
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*Dr. [[John Lattimer]]. ''Kennedy and Lincoln, Medical & Ballistic Comparisons of Their Assassinations'' (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980) [information about Seward's accident and jaw splint, in particular] |
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</div> |
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==Works== |
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<div class="references-small"> |
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*[[Frederick William Seward]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC04112122&id=FTTmls3FTcMC&printsec=titlepage Autobiography of William H. Seward from 1801 to 1834: With a memoir of his life, and selections from his letters from 1831 to 1840]'' (1877) |
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*''Life and Public Services of [[John Quincy Adams]], Sixth President of the United States'' (1849) |
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*''Commerce in the Pacific ocean. Speech of William H. Seward, in the Senate of the United States, July 29, 1852'' (1852; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/mtfgc.1000 Digitized page images & text]) |
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*''The continental rights and relations of our country. Speech of William Henry Seward, in Senate of the United States, January 26, 1853'' (1853; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/mtfgc.1001 Digitized page images & text]) |
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*''The destiny of America. Speech of William H. Seward, at the dedication of Capital University, at Columbus, Ohio, September 14, 1853'' (1853; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/mtfgc.1002 Digitized page images & text]) |
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*''Certificate of Exchange'' (1867; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.ndlpcoop/mtfxtx.u11846 Digitized page images & text]) |
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*''Alaska. Speech of William H. Seward at Sitka, August 12, 1869'' (1869; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/mtfgc.1003 Digitized page images & text]) |
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*''The Works of William H. Seward''. Edited by George E. Baker. Volume I of III (1853) [http://books.google.com/books?vid=LCCN09004608&id=L0K4-q61Pi4C&printsec=titlepage online edition] |
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*''The Works of William H. Seward''. Edited by George E. Baker. Volume II of III (1853) [http://books.google.com/books?vid=LCCN09004608&id=7Ov7OvmgxaAC&printsec=titlepage online edition] |
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*[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC13901267&id=Tr4Or7DDI-sC&printsec=toc&dq=intitle:works+intitle:seward ''The Works of William H. Seward: Vol. 5: The diplomatic history of the war for the union.''. Edited by George E. Baker. Volume 5 (1890)] |
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</div> |
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==External links== |
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{{commons}} |
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{{wikisource author}} |
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{{wikiquote}} |
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{{CongBio|S000261}} |
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*[http://www.sewardhouse.org Seward House, Auburn, NY] |
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*[http://www.tulane.edu/~latner/Seward.html Brief Seward biography] |
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*[http://www.mrlincolnandfriends.org/inside.asp?pageID=85&subjectID=7 Mr. Lincoln and Friends: William H. Seward] |
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*[http://www.mrlincolnandnewyork.org/inside.asp?ID=64&subjectID=3 Mr. Lincoln and New York: William H. Seward] |
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*[http://www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org/inside.asp?ID=93&subjectID=2 Mr. Lincoln's White House: William H. Seward] |
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*{{gutenberg author|id=Seward+William+Henry | name=William H. Seward}} |
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*[http://www.frbsf.org/currency/metal/treasury/index2.html Pictures of US Treasury Notes featuring William Seward, provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.] |
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*[http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-158529009.html?refid=hbw_rd William Henry Seward, the Virginia controversy, and the anti-slavery movement, 1839-1841] |
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{{s-off}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[Governor of New York]]| before=[[William L. Marcy]]| after=[[William C. Bouck]]| years=1839{{ndash}} 1842}} |
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{{U.S. Senator box |
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|state=New York |
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|class=3 |
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|before=[[John Adams Dix|John A. Dix]] |
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|after=[[Ira Harris]] |
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|alongside=[[Daniel S. Dickinson]], [[Hamilton Fish]] and [[Preston King]] |
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|years=[[March 4]], [[1849]]{{ndash}} [[March 3]], [[1861]]}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[United States Secretary of State]]| before=[[Jeremiah S. Black]]| after=[[Elihu B. Washburne]]| years=[[March 5]], [[1861]]{{ndash}} [[March 4]], [[1869]]}} |
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{{end box}} |
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{{Governors of New York}} |
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{{Lincoln cabinet}} |
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{{Andrew Johnson cabinet}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Seward, William H.}} |
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[[Category:United States Secretaries of State]] |
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[[Category:United States presidential candidates, 1856]] |
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[[Category:United States presidential candidates, 1860]] |
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[[Category:Union political leaders]] |
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[[Category:United States Senators from New York]] |
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[[Category:Governors of New York]] |
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[[Category:United States Whig Party]] |
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[[Category:History of the foreign relations of the United States]] |
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[[Category:American abolitionists]] |
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[[Category:New York State Senators]] |
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[[Category:People of New York in the American Civil War]] |
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[[Category:New York lawyers]] |
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[[Category:New York Republicans]] |
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[[Category:Orange County, New York politicians]] |
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[[Category:People from Cayuga County, New York]] |
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[[Category:Union College, New York alumni]] |
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[[Category:American Episcopalians]] |
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[[Category:American adoptive parents]] |
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[[Category:1801 births]] |
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[[Category:1872 deaths]] |
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[[Category:History of Alaska]] |
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[[bs:William H. Seward]] |
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[[da:William H. Seward]] |
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[[de:William H. Seward]] |
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[[fr:William Henry Seward]] |
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[[it:William H. Seward]] |
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[[he:ויליאם סיוארד]] |
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[[hu:William Henry Seward]] |
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[[nl:William Seward]] |
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[[ja:ウィリアム・スワード]] |
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[[no:William H. Seward]] |
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[[pt:William Henry Seward]] |
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[[ru:Сьюард, Уильям Генри]] |
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[[fi:William H. Seward]] |
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[[zh:威廉·H·苏厄德]] |
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Latest revision as of 04:37, 10 October 2008
A tag has been placed on N-Archy requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about a person or group of people, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable, as well as our subject-specific notability guideline for biographies.
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