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{{short description|Residence and administrative headquarters of a monarchy}}
{{Distinguish|dynasty{{!}}royal house|royal family}}
{{Distinguish|royal house|royal family}}

{{lead too short|date=April 2011}}
{{lead too short|date=April 2011}}


A '''royal household''' or '''imperial household''' in [[ancient history|ancient]] and [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[monarchy|monarchies]], and '''papal household''' for [[pope]]s, formed the basis for the general [[government]] of the country as well as providing for the needs of the [[sovereign]] and his relations.
A '''royal household''' or '''imperial household''' is the residence and administrative headquarters in [[ancient history|ancient]] and [[post-classical history|post-classical]] [[monarchy|monarchies]], and '''papal household''' for [[pope]]s, and formed the basis for the general [[government]] of the country as well as providing for the needs of the [[monarch|sovereign]] and their relations. It was the core of the [[royal court]], though this included many courtiers who were not directly employed by the monarch as part of the household.


There were often large numbers of employees in the household, strictly differentiated by rank, from nobles with highly sought-after positions that gave close access to the monarch, to all the usual servants such as cooks, [[footmen]], and maids. The households typically included military forces providing security. Specialists such as artists, clock-makers and poets might be given a place in the household, often by appointing them as [[valet de chambre]] or the local equivalent.
⚫
Among many of these households there are certain great offices which have become, in course of time, merely [[hereditary]]. In most cases, as the name of the office would suggest, they were held by those who discharged personal functions about the sovereign. Gradually, in ways or for reasons which might vary in each individual case, the office alone survived, the duties either ceasing to be necessary or being transferred to officers of less exalted station.

⚫
Among many of these households there are certain great offices which have become, in course of time, merely [[hereditary]]. In most cases, as the name of the office would suggest, they were held by those who discharged personal functions about the sovereign. Gradually, in ways or for reasons which might vary in each individual case, the office alone survived, the duties either ceasing to be necessary or being transferred to officers of less exalted station.<ref>{{EB1911 |wstitle=Household, Royal |volume=13 |pages=813–814 |inline=1}}</ref>


In the [[modern period]], royal households have evolved into entities which are variously differentiated from [[Central government|national governments]]. Most modern households have become merely [[Titular ruler|titular]].
In the [[modern period]], royal households have evolved into entities which are variously differentiated from [[Central government|national governments]]. Most modern households have become merely [[Titular ruler|titular]].

==Asia==
⚫
===China===
⚫
{{Main|Imperial Household Department}}

⚫
===Japan===
{{Main|Imperial Household Agency|Ministry of the Imperial Household}}In Japan, the Imperial Household Agency (宮内庁, Kunaichō) is the agency within the [[Government of Japan]] responsible for supporting the [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]] and the [[Imperial House of Japan|Imperial Family]] as well as keeping the [[Privy Seal of Japan|Privy Seal]] and [[State Seal of Japan|Great Seal]] of Japan.

The Agency is headed by a director-general, who is assisted by the Cabinet-appointed deputy director. The internal organisation of the Agency can be seen below.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Organization and functions of the Imperial Household Agency |url=https://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-kunaicho/soshiki.html |access-date=1 August 2022 |website=[[Imperial Household Agency]]}}</ref>

* The [[Grand Steward's Secretariat]]
* [[Board of Chamberlains]]
* [[Emperor Emeritus]]' Household
* [[Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan|Crown Prince]]'s Household
* [[Board of Ceremonies]]
* [[Archives and Mausolea Department]]
* Maintenance and Works Department

Auxiliary organs of the Agency include:

* Office of the Shoshoin Treasure House
* Imperial Stock Farm

Local branch office:

* Kyoto Office

⚫
===Thailand===
⚫
{{Main|Bureau of the Royal Household}}


==Europe==
==Europe==
The royal households of such of [[European monarchies]] have a continuous history since medieval times.
The royal households of such of [[European monarchies]] have a continuous history since medieval times.
<!--resemble in general outlines that described above. There are, common to many, certain great offices, which have become, in course of time, merely titular and sometimes hereditary. In most cases, as the name of the office would suggest, they were held by those who discharged personal functions about the sovereign. Gradually, in ways or for reasons which might vary in each individual case, the office alone survived, the duties either ceasing to be necessary, or being transferred to officers of less exalted station and permanently attached to the sovereign's household. For example, in [[Prussia]], there were certain great titular officers, such as the Oberstmarschall (great [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]]); the Oberstjagermeister (grand master of the hunt); the Oberstschenk (grand cup-bearer) and the Obersttruchsess (grand [[Steward (office)|steward]]), while, at the same time, there are also departments which correspond, to a great extent – both as to offices and their duties – to those of the household of the English sovereigns. This is a feature which must necessarily be reproduced in any monarchical country, whatever the date of its foundation, to a more or less limited extent, and varying in its constitution with the needs or customs of the particular countries.-->
<!--resemble in general outlines that described above. There are, common to many, certain great offices, which have become, in course of time, merely titular and sometimes hereditary. In most cases, as the name of the office would suggest, they were held by those who discharged personal functions about the sovereign. Gradually, in ways or for reasons which might vary in each individual case, the office alone survived, the duties either ceasing to be necessary, or being transferred to officers of less exalted station and permanently attached to the sovereign's household. For example, in [[Prussia]], there were certain great titular officers, such as the Oberstmarschall (great [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]]); the Oberstjagermeister (grand master of the hunt); the Oberstschenk (grand cup-bearer) and the Obersttruchsess (grand [[Steward (office)|steward]]), while, at the same time, there are also departments which correspond, to a great extent – both as to offices and their duties – to those of the household of the English sovereigns. This is a feature which must necessarily be reproduced in any monarchical country, whatever the date of its foundation, to a more or less limited extent, and varying in its constitution with the needs or customs of the particular countries.-->

===Francia===
{{Main|Royal household under the Merovingians and Carolingians}}


===France===
===France===
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* The Superintendent of the Court's Music
* The Superintendent of the Court's Music


=== Russia ===
===Russia===
{{Main|Ministry of the Imperial Court}}
{{Main|Ministry of the Imperial Court}}


Line 71: Line 105:
{{Main|Papal household|Prefecture of the Pontifical Household}}
{{Main|Papal household|Prefecture of the Pontifical Household}}


==Asia==
==North America==
===Canada===

{{main|Monarchy of Canada#Federal residences and royal household}}
⚫
===China===
⚫
{{Main|Imperial Household Department}}

⚫
===Japan===
{{Main|Imperial Household Agency|Ministry of the Imperial Household}}

⚫
===Thailand===
⚫
{{Main|Bureau of the Royal Household}}


== See also ==
==See also==
* [[Medieval household]]
* [[Medieval household]]


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
* {{EB1911}}


== External links ==
==External links==
* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page4977.asp The British Monarchy - Royal Household]
* [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page4977.asp The British Monarchy - Royal Household]


[[Category:Monarchy]]
[[Category:Royal households| ]]
[[Category:Royal Households]]
[[Category:Medieval politics]]

Latest revision as of 13:27, 1 January 2024

Not to be confused with royal house or royal family.

A royal household or imperial household is the residence and administrative headquarters in ancient and post-classical monarchies, and papal household for popes, and formed the basis for the general government of the country as well as providing for the needs of the sovereign and their relations. It was the core of the royal court, though this included many courtiers who were not directly employed by the monarch as part of the household.

There were often large numbers of employees in the household, strictly differentiated by rank, from nobles with highly sought-after positions that gave close access to the monarch, to all the usual servants such as cooks, footmen, and maids. The households typically included military forces providing security. Specialists such as artists, clock-makers and poets might be given a place in the household, often by appointing them as valet de chambre or the local equivalent.

Among many of these households there are certain great offices which have become, in course of time, merely hereditary. In most cases, as the name of the office would suggest, they were held by those who discharged personal functions about the sovereign. Gradually, in ways or for reasons which might vary in each individual case, the office alone survived, the duties either ceasing to be necessary or being transferred to officers of less exalted station.[1]

In the modern period, royal households have evolved into entities which are variously differentiated from national governments. Most modern households have become merely titular.

Asia[edit]

China[edit]

Main article: Imperial Household Department

Japan[edit]

Main articles: Imperial Household Agency and Ministry of the Imperial Household

In Japan, the Imperial Household Agency (宮内庁, Kunaichō) is the agency within the Government of Japan responsible for supporting the Emperor and the Imperial Family as well as keeping the Privy Seal and Great Seal of Japan.

The Agency is headed by a director-general, who is assisted by the Cabinet-appointed deputy director. The internal organisation of the Agency can be seen below.[2]

Auxiliary organs of the Agency include:

  • Office of the Shoshoin Treasure House
  • Imperial Stock Farm

Local branch office:

  • Kyoto Office

Thailand[edit]

Main article: Bureau of the Royal Household

Europe[edit]

The royal households of such of European monarchies have a continuous history since medieval times.

Francia[edit]

Main article: Royal household under the Merovingians and Carolingians

France[edit]

Main article: Maison du Roi

Germany[edit]

  • 1. Supreme Officers of the Court (Oberste Hofchargen) - honorary functions
    • 1.1. The Grand Chamberlain (Oberst-Kämmerer)
    • 1.2. The Grand Cup-Bearer (Oberst-Schenk)
    • 1.3. The Grand Steward (Oberst-Truchseß)
    • 1.4. The Grand Marshal (Oberst-Marschall)
    • 1.5. The Grand Master of the Hunt (Oberst-Jägermeister)
  • 2. Chief Officers of the Household (Oberhofchargen)
    • 2.0. The Premier Marshal of the Household (Oberhof- und Hausmarschall, i. e. chief executive officer of the court)
    • 2.1. The Premier Master of Ceremonies (Ober-Zeremonienmeister)
    • 2.2. The Premier Master of the Robes (Ober-Gewandkämmerer)
    • 2.3. The Premier Cellarer (Ober-Mundschenk)
    • 2.4. The Premier Master of the Horses and Mews (Ober-Stallmeister)
    • 2.5. The Premier Master of the Hunt (Ober-Jägermeister)
    • 2.6. The Premier Captain of the Palace Guard (Ober-Schloßhauptmann)
    • 2.7. The Premier Master of the Kitchen (Ober-Küchenmeister)
    • 2.8. The Superintendent general of the Theaters (Generalintendant der Schauspiele)

Mannheim (Electors Palatinate)[edit]

  • The Grand Master of the Household (Obristhofmeister)
    • Stewards (Truchsesse)
    • The Master of the Music (Hofkapellmeister)
    • The Scientist of the Court (Librarian, Masters of the Collections)
    • The Artists of the Court
    • The medical staff
  • The Grand Chamberlain (Obristkämmerer)
    • Court's Chamberlains (Hofkämmerer)
    • Life Offices
  • The Grand Marshal of the Household (Obristhofmarschall)
    • The Master of the Larder
    • The Master of the Cellar
    • The Master of the Tablecloth
    • The Master of the Silver and China
    • The Master of Kitchen
    • The Master of the Pastry
  • The Grand Master of the Mews (Obriststallmeister)
    • Court's Fourriers
  • The Grand Master of the Hunt (Obristjägermeister)
  • The Superintendent of the Court's Music

Russia[edit]

Main article: Ministry of the Imperial Court

Spain[edit]

Main articles: Royal Household of Spain and Royal Household and Heritage of the Crown of Spain

Sweden[edit]

Main article: Royal Court of Sweden

United Kingdom[edit]

Main article: Royal Households of the United Kingdom

Vatican[edit]

Main articles: Papal household and Prefecture of the Pontifical Household

North America[edit]

Canada[edit]

Main article: Monarchy of Canada § Federal residences and royal household

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Household, Royal". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 813–814.
  2. ^ "Organization and functions of the Imperial Household Agency". Imperial Household Agency. Retrieved 1 August 2022.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal_household&oldid=1192992442"