Punk fashion and Valea Seacă River (Sălăuța): Difference between pages
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'''Punk fashion''' is the styles of [[clothing]], [[hairstyles]], [[cosmetics]], [[jewelry]], and [[body modification]]s of the [[punk subculture]]. Punk fashion varies widely from [[Vivienne Westwood]] styles to styles modeled on bands like [[The Exploited]]. The distinct social dress of other subcultures and art movements, including [[glam rock]], [[skinheads]], [[rude boys]], [[Greaser (subculture)|greasers]], and [[Mod (lifestyle)|mods]] have influenced punk fashion. Punk fashion has likewise influenced the styles of these groups, as well as those of [[popular culture]]. |
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The '''Valea Seacă River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Telcişor River]] in [[Romania]]. |
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== Historical == |
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=== Original styles=== |
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The original punk fashions of the 1970s were intended to appear as confrontational, shocking and rebellious as possible. This style of punk dress was significantly different from what would later be considered the basic ''punk look''. Many items that were commonly worn by punks in the 1970s became less common later on, and new elements were constantly added to the punk image. A great deal of punk fashion from the 1970s was based on the designs of [[Vivienne Westwood]] and [[Malcolm McLaren]], as well as the dress styles of punk role models such as the [[Ramones]], [[Richard Hell]], [[Patti Smith]] and the [[Bromley Contingent]]. Punk style was influenced by clothes sold in Malcolm McLaren's shop ''[[SEX (boutique)|SEX]]''. McLaren has credited this style to his first impressions of Richard Hell while McLaren was in [[New York City]], supposedly managing the [[The New York Dolls]] (Note: In the documentary ''Punk: Attitude'', [[David Johansen]] said McLaren was never their manager, and that he only designed clothes for them and booked them one concert; the ''Red Show''.) |
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==References== |
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[[Image:Paris-punk-luigi-1981.jpg|right|thumb|175px|A [[France|French]] punk in 1981, wearing a customized blazer, as was popular in the early punk scene.]] |
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Deliberately offensive [[T-shirt]]s were popular in the early punk scene, such as the infamous ''DESTROY'' T-shirt sold at [[SEX (boutique)|SEX]], which featured an [[Christian demonology#Diabolical symbols|inverted crucifix]] and a [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[Swastika]]. These T-shirts, like other punk clothing items, were often intentionally torn. Other items in early British punk fashion included: [[Anarchist symbolism|Anarchy symbols]]; brightly-colored or white and [[black]] dress shirts randomly covered in slogans (such as "Only Anarchists are pretty"); fake blood; patches; and deliberately controversial images (such as portraits of [[Karl Marx|Marx]], [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] and [[Benito Mussolini|Mussolini]]) were popular. Leather [[rocker jacket]]s and customised [[blazer]]s were early, and are still a common fixture of punk fashion. |
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Preferred footwear included military boots, [[motorcycle boot]]s, [[Brothel creepers]], [[Chuck Taylor All-Stars]], and (later on) [[Dr. Martens]] boots. Tapered [[jeans]], tight leather pants, pants with leopard patterns, and [[bondage trousers]] were popular choices. Hair was cropped and deliberately made to look messy; in reaction to the long smooth hairstyles that were common in the 1960s and early 1970s. Hair was often dyed bright unnatural colors. Although provocative, these hairstyles were not as extreme as later punk hairstyles, such as [[liberty spikes]] or the [[Mohawk hairstyle]]. |
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* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti |
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Other accoutrements worn by some punks included: [[BDSM fashion]]s; [[Fishnet (material)|fishnet]] [[stockings]] (sometimes ripped); [[spike band]]s and other studded or spiked jewelry; [[safety pin]]s (in clothes and as [[body piercing]]s); silver bracelets and heavy eyeliner worn by both men and women. Many female punks rebelled against the stereotypical image of a woman by combining clothes that were delicate or pretty with clothes that were considered masculine, such as combining a [[Ballet tutu]] with big, clunky boots. Many punks did not wear leather or fur because they were vegetarian or vegan. |
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* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971 |
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{{BistriţaNăsăud-geo-stub}} |
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Punk clothing sometimes incorporated everyday objects for aesthetic effect. Purposely-ripped clothes were held together by safety pins or wrapped with tape; black [[Bin bag|bin liners]] (garbage bags) became dresses, shirts and skirts. Other items added to clothing or as jewelry included razor blades and chains. [[Leather]], [[rubber]] and [[Polyvinyl chloride|vinyl]] clothing have been common, possibly due to their connection with [[Transgression|transgressive]] [[sexual practices]], such as [[Bondage (BDSM)|bondage]] and [[Sadism and masochism|S&M]]. |
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[[Image:Hakenkreuz im Verbotsschild.svg|left|80px]] |
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Punks in the 1970s sometimes flaunted taboo symbols such as the Nazi [[Swastika]] or [[Iron Cross]] for shock effect. However, following [[Rock Against Racism]], this sharply declined. To this day, most punks are staunchly [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]], and many punks in the 2000s wear a crossed out Swastika patch (pictured left) or other [[Anti-racism|anti-racist]] symbols. |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Valea Seacă River}} |
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=== 1980s=== |
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[[Category:Rivers of Romania]] |
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[[Image:Punks.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[United Kingdom|UK]] punks displaying elements of early and 1980s punk fashions, circa 1986.]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of the Someş subbasin]] |
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[[Image:Henry rollins microphone.jpg|right|thumb|140px|[[Henry Rollins]] of [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]], displaying [[hardcore punk|hardcore]] ''anti-fashion''.]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of Bistriţa-Năsăud County]] |
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When punk underwent its 1980s [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]], [[Oi!]]/[[streetpunk]], and [[UK82]] renaissance, new fashion styles developed as parallel resurgences occurred in the [[United States]] and [[United Kingdom]]. The US scene was exemplified by bands such as [[Black Flag (band)|Black Flag]], [[Minor Threat]], and [[Fear (band)|Fear]]. The 1980s American scene spawned a utilitarian anti-fashion that was nonetheless raw, angry, and intimidating. In the UK, much of the punk music and fashion in the 1980s was influenced by [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] and the [[Oi!]] scene. However, elements of the 1970s punk look never fully died away. What many recognize as typical punk fashions today emerged from the 1980s British scene, exemplified by bands such as [[The Exploited]], [[Subhumans (UK band)|Subhumans]], [[Charged GBH]], and [[The Partisans]]. Some of the following clothing items were common on both sides of the [[Atlantic Ocean]], and some were unique to certain geographic areas. |
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[[ro:Râul Valea Seacă, Sălăuţa]] |
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Footwear that was common in the 1980s punk scene included [[Dr. Martens]] boots, [[motorcycle]] boots and steel-toed [[combat boot]]s; sometimes adorned with bandanas, chains or studded leather bands. [[Jeans]] (sometimes dirty, torn or splattered with bleach) and [[tartan]] [[kilts]] or skirts were commonly worn. Leather skirts became a popular item for female punks. Heavy chains were sometimes used as belts. Bullet belts, and studded belts (sometimes more than one worn at a time) became common. |
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Some punks bought [[T-shirt]]s or plaid flannel shirts and wrote political slogans, band names or other punk-related phrases on them with [[marker pen]]s. While this was not without precedent in the 1970s, the depth and detail of these slogans were not fully developed until the 1980s. Silkscreened T-shirts with band logos or other punk-related logos or slogans were also popular. Studded, painted and otherwise customised leather [[rocker jacket]]s or denim vests became more popular during this era, as the popularity of the earlier customized blazers waned. |
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<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Charged-GBH-Give-Me-Fire-153989.jpg|left|thumb|200px| UK '82 band GBH with heavy metal influenced punk fashion]] --> |
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Hair was either shaved, spiked or in a [[crew cut]] or [[Mohawk hairstyle]]. Tall mohawks and spiked hair, either bleached or in bright colors, took on a more extreme character than in the 1970s. ''Charged'' hair, in which all of one's hair stands on end but is not styled into distinct spikes, also emerged. Amongst female punks, a hairstyle similar to [[The Misfits]]' [[devilock]]s was popular. This involved shaving the entire head except for a tuft at the front. Body piercings and extensive [[tattoo]]s became very popular during this era, as did [[spike band]]s and studded [[choker]]s. Sometimes [[bandana]] were worn to indicate gang affiliation. Some hardcore punk women reacted to the earlier 1970s movement's [[wikt:coquettish|coquettish]] vibe by adopting an asexual style. |
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== Contemporary== |
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[[Image:Punk Red Mohawk Morecambe 2003.jpeg|right|thumb|200px|Punks at a music festival]] |
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Current factions of the punk subculture have different clothing habits, although there's often crossover between the different subgroups in terms of style. |
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===Standard punk=== |
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In general, modern punks wear leather, denim, spikes, chains, and combat boots. They often wear elements of early punk fashion, such as [[kutten]] vests, bondage pants (often plaid) and torn clothing. There is a large influence by [[DIY ethic|DIY]]-created and modified clothing, such as ripped or stitched-together pants or shirts. Hair is typically dyed in bright colors such as red, blue, green, pink or orange and arranged into a [[mohawk hairstyle|mohawk]] or [[liberty spikes]]. Hair could also be cut very short or shaved. Belts with metal studs, and bullet belts, are popular. Leather or denim jackets and vests often have patches or are painted with logos that express musical tastes or political views. Pants are usually tapered tightly. Metal spikes or studs are often added to jackets and vests. |
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[[Image:Punk Girls Morecambe 2003.jpeg|thumb|Young women in Morecambe in 2003 show off their elaborate, dyed hairstyles at a club.]] |
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[[Image:Punk fucking fuckin the nation every day jacke.jpg|thumb|A leather jacket communicates the wearer's values with a hand-painted political slogan.]] |
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===Hardcore=== |
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There are several styles of dress within the [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]] scene, and styles have changed since the genre started as ''hardcore punk'' in the late 1970s. What is fashionable in one branch of the hardcore scene may be frowned upon in another. Clothing styles are often chosen to make moshing easier to perform. Plain [[working class]] dress and short hair (with the exception of dreadlocks) are usually associated with hardcore punk. Mute colors and minimal adornment are usually common. Some elements of hardcore clothing are baggy jeans or work pants, athletic wear, cargo or military shorts, band T-shirts, plain T-shirts, and band [[hoodie]]s. Personal comfort and the ability to mosh are highly influential in this style (Jewellery, spikes, tight clothes, flashy hair and chains are highly uncommon and discouraged in hardcore fashion, Although baggier skinny jeans are becoming popular.) |
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===Anarcho-Punk=== |
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[[Anarcho-punk]] fashion is a politicised adaptation of traditional punk fashion. This all black militaristic fashion was pioneered by [[Crass]] in the [[United Kingdom]] and by [[T.S.O.L.]] in the [[United States]]. A prominent feature is the heavy use of anarchist symbols and slogans. Some whom define themselves as Anarcho-Punks may opt to wear clothing similar to traditionalist punks or crust punks, but not often to the extreme of either subculture. Mohawks, and liberty spikes are rarely seen, but can still be worn. Tight pants, bands shirts and boots are common. Hair styling products are often used only on the basis that the company who manufactures it did not test it on animals. Leather, often avoided as part of [[Veganism]], may be replaced with imitation leather or cloth in a similar design as leather products. |
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===Crust punk=== |
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[[Crust punk]] fashion is an extreme evolution of traditional punk fashion, and is heavily influenced by bands such as [[Doom (band)|Doom]], [[Amebix]] and [[Antisect]]. Typical crust punk fashion includes black or [[Military camouflage|camouflage]] trousers or shorts covered in patches (heavy work pants are popular for their durability), torn band T-shirts or hoodies covered in patches, studded [[Kutte|vests]] and jackets (commonly black denim), bullet belts, jewelry made from hemp and other natural/found objects, and sometimes [[bum flap]]s. Patches, even band patches, are often of a political nature. Clothing tends to be unwashed and unsanitary by conventional standards, and [[dreadlocks]] are popular. Crust punks sometimes sew articles of clothing with found or cheaply-bought materials, such as dental floss. [[Baseball caps]] with patches sewn on or studs implanted are popular headgear. Pants are often held up with [[twine|string]], [[hemp]], or vegan-friendly imitation leather (sometimes avoided due to the style's connection with animal cruelty). |
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===Gothic rock/Deathrock and Horror punk=== |
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Deathrock and Horror punk fashion is similar to [[goth fashion]]. Black is the predominant shade. (Since black is not considered a colour). Deathrock and horror punk incorporates a sexier image, incorporating fishnets, corsets and elaborate make-up for men and women. The use of occult and horror imagery is prevalent on T-shirts, buttons, patches and jewellery. The [[The Misfits|Misfits]]' "Fiend Skull" emblem is often hand-stencilled onto articles of clothing or worn as a cloth patch. Other common adornments include band names painted on jackets or bleached into clothes, as well as buttons or patches indicating cities. The initials D and R (for ''Death Rock'') may part of a crossbone logo, accompanied by other initials, such as C and A for California, N and Y for New York, or G and R for Germany. Hair may be in ''deathhawk'' style (a wider teased-out variant of the [[mohawk hairstyle]]), an angled [[bangs]] style, or in a [[devilock]] style. The traditional 80's Gothic Rock gave birth to the teased mohawk, unlike the Punk mohawk which was often fanned or spiked the Goth mohawk which is often referred to as the Death Hawk was slightly wider and teased, often crimped as well. |
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[[Image:Wave Gotik Treffen 2007.jpg|thumb|Two women with gothic-punk hair, makeup, and piercings chat on the street in 2007]] |
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===Skate punk=== |
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A [[skate punk]] is a skateboarder that listens to punk rock. Many wear clothing such as open plaid button down shirts are common, band tees, baggy shorts or semi-tight jeans (often black.) They also may wear cheap generic clothes and patches on their back pockets They often carry a bandana (folded or messed up) in their right or left back pocket.Some have also been influenced by the [[Cholo]]/gang style.While most skaters have long and messy hair Skate Punks usally have short working class style of hair. skate brands are common to wear such as [[Baker Skateboards|Baker]], [[Emerica]], [[Fallen Footwear|Fallen]], [[Toy Machine Skateboards|Toy Machine]], Vans,Adio and [[Zero Skateboards|Zero]]. The Baker,Zero and Deathwish teams are the best examples of skate punks.Hoodies with Patches and spray painted graphics are also common. |
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===Pop punk=== |
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[[Pop punk]] fashion sometimes overlaps with skater punk fashion and emo fashion. Contemporary pop punk fans often wear items such as band T-shirts with, tie or scarf; [[blazer]]s; [[Dickies]] pants, tight skinny pants, jeans or shorts; studded belts; [[Converse All-Stars]] or Vans Off The Wall,skateboarder shoes. Popular patterns include checkers and arms. Hair is usually long for women, and short and spiky for men — and is sometimes dyed black, platinum blonde, or natural hair colors with [[unnatural]] streaks. |
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===Droog=== |
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Some punks dress similarly to the droogs in the film ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]''. This involves white [[Overalls|boiler suits]], [[bowler hat]]s, black [[Dr. Martens]] or [[combat boots]], [[suspenders]] and sometimes black eye makeup (on one eye only). This look has been displayed by bands such as [[The Adicts]] and [[Lower Class Brats]], The Violators and Major Accident. |
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===Suicidals=== |
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Suicidals (and some individuals in the later hardcore scene) dress in styles associated with the [[Cholo]] gang member look. ''Cholo punk'' is another term used, but is better suited for those who are more heavily influenced by the Cholo/gang culture. This look, influenced by the [[California]] band [[Suicidal Tendencies]], involves wearing bandanas (primarily blue in color) on one's head, [[Converse]] sneakers and other skateboard shoes, and blue plaid flannel shirts (usually worn with only the top button done up). Other commonly worn items include knee-high white socks, khaki shorts, baggy Diesel jeans and blue basketball jerseys with the number thirteen on them. Suicidal Tendencies T-shirts, as well as related band T-shirts (e.g. Beowulf, Excel and No Mercy) were popular, as well as white tank tops. This style sometimes includes a shaved head, short mohawk, crewcut or long Jay Adams-style hair. Another item associated with the Suicidals scene is a [[baseball cap]] or trucker hat with the bill upturned, and with text written or painted on it. Another associated item is a white dress shirt with hand-drawn Suicidal related iconography on the back (e.g. Skulls, satanic imagery, the number 13 or the words Suicidal, Venice or Cyco). Many such shirts were drawn by Ric Clayton. |
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== Commercialization == |
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Punk fashion has been extremely commercialized at various times, and many well-established fashion designers — such as [[Vivienne Westwood]] and [[Jean Paul Gaultier]] — have used punk elements in their production. Punk clothing, which was initially handmade, became mass produced and sold in record stores and some smaller specialty clothing stores by the 1980s. Many [[fashion magazine]]s and other [[glamor]]-oriented media have featured classic punk hairstyles and punk-influenced clothing. These have caused controversy, as many punks view it as having sold out. |
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== Common elements of punk fashion == |
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* [[Athletic shoes]] |
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* [[Badge]]s |
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* [[Bleach]]-stained [[jeans]] |
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* [[body piercing]] |
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* [[Bondage pants]] |
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* [[Brothel creeper]]s |
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* [[Buttons]] |
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* [[Carabiner|Carabiner-inspired keyrings]] |
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* [[Chuck Taylor All-Stars]] shoes, or [[sweatshop]]-free alternatives such as [[Blackspot Anticorporation|Blackspot]] and [[No Sweat Apparel|No Sweat]] |
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* [[Dickies]] pants and shorts |
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* [[Dr. Martens]] boots |
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* [[Hair coloring|Dyed hair]] (often in unnatural colors such as purple, blue, green or orange) |
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* Ear and/or facial [[Body piercing|piercings]] |
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* [[Fingerless gloves]] |
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* [[Fishnet stockings]] |
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* [[Hoodie]]s |
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* [[Kutte]]n |
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* [[Leopard]] print patterns |
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* [[Military uniform]] items such as [[combat boot]]s, [[Battle dress uniform|BDU]]s or [[Dog tag (identifier)|dog tags]]) |
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* [[Mini-skirt]]s |
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* [[Mohawk hairstyle]]s and [[Liberty spikes]] |
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* [[Rocker jacket|Leather jackets]] |
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* [[Safety Pins]] |
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* [[Shorts]], [[cut-off]]s, cargos or athletic |
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* [[Skate shoes]] Such as Vans or Converse |
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* [[Sleeveless T-shirt]]s |
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* [[Slim-fit pants]] |
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* [[Spike band]]s and studded [[belt (clothing)|belt]]s |
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* [[Spray paint]]ed clothing |
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* [[Suit (clothing)|Suit jacket]]s |
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* [[Tartan]] patterns |
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* [[Tattoos]] |
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* Torn clothing |
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* [[Wrist Bands]] |
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* T-Shirts or Hoodies with Band names and/or logos |
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== Notes == |
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<references/> |
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== References == |
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*Dick Hebdige (1979). ''Subculture: The Meaning of Style'' (Routledge, March 10, 1981; softcover ISBN 0-415-03949-5). Cited in Negus, Keith (1996). ''Popular Music in Theory: An Introduction''. Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0-8195-6310-2. |
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*[[Paul Gorman]] (2006). ''[[The Look: Adventures in Rock and Pop Fashion]]'' (Adelita, May 10 2006; softcover ISBN 0-9552017-0-5) |
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==See also== |
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*[[Fetish fashion]] |
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*[[Heavy metal fashion]] |
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*[[Gothic fashion]] |
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*[[Industrial fashion]] |
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==External links== |
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{{commonscat|Punk fashion}} |
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* [http://diyfashion.about.com DIY Punk Fashion] Photos and Instructions to make Punk DIY clothing, accessories and jewelry. |
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* [http://www.DIYclothing.co.uk DIYclothing] - UK dedicated DIY clothing forum |
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* [http://www.fashion-era.com/punks_fashion_history1.htm "1970s Punk Fashion History Development"] by Pauline Weston Thomas, ''Fashion-Era.com'', 2007. |
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* [http://www.acc.umu.se/~samhain/summerofhate/punk.html "Punk and the Swastika"], ''The Summer of Hate'' (webzine) |
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* [http://www.geocities.com/punkscenes/swastica.html "Swastica and Punk"] |
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{{punk}} |
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[[Category:Punk fashion]] |
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[[fr:Mode punk]] |
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[[it:Abbigliamento punk]] |
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[[nl:Punk (mode)]] |
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[[ja:パンク・ファッション]] |
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[[pt:Moda punk]] |
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Revision as of 13:33, 10 October 2008
The Valea Seacă River is a tributary of the Telcişor River in Romania.
References
- Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti
- Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971
 | This Bistrița-Năsăud County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |