Pervez Musharraf and Riggs Flat Lake: Difference between pages
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| lake_name = Riggs Flat Lake |
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{{Infobox President |
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| image_lake = RiggsFlatLake02.jpg |
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|name = Pervez Musharraf<br><small>پرویز مشرّف</small> |
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| caption_lake = |
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|image = Pervez Musharraf 2004.jpg|80px |
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| image_bathymetry = |
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|order = [[President of Pakistan]]<!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter --> |
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| caption_bathymetry = |
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|primeminister = [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]]<br>[[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]]<br>[[Shaukat Aziz]]<br>[[Muhammad Mian Soomro]]<br>[[Yousaf Raza Gillani]] |
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| location = [[Graham County, Arizona]] |
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|term_start = 20 June 2001 |
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| coords = {{coord|32|42|10|N|109|59|2|W|region:US-AZ_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} |
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|term_end = 18 August 2008 |
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| type = [[Reservoir]] |
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|predecessor = [[Muhammad Rafiq Tarar]] |
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| inflow = |
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|successor = [[Muhammad Mian Soomro]] <small>([[Acting President|Acting]])</small> |
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|order2 = [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]<!-- Please do not add his order, it is against WP:MOS, unused and clutter --> |
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|president2 = [[Muhammad Rafiq Tarar]] |
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| basin_countries = [[United States]] |
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|term_start2 = 12 October 1999 |
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|term_end2 = 20 June 2001 |
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| area = {{convert|11|acre|abbr=on}} |
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|predecessor2 = [[Nawaz Sharif]] |
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| depth = {{convert|45|ft|abbr=on}} |
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|successor2 = [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] |
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|birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1943|08|11}} |
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|birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[British Raj]] |
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|profession = [[Soldier]] ([[General officer|General]]) |
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|party = [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q]] |
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| elevation = {{convert|9000|ft|abbr=on}} |
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|religion = [[Islam]] |
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[[General]] (ret) '''Pervez Musharraf''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|پرویز مشرف}}}}) (born 11 August 1943), [[Nishan-e-Imtiaz|NI(M)]]<ref>[www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/Biography.aspx]</ref>, [[Hilal-e-Imtiaz|HI(M)]], [[Tamgha-e-Basalat|TBt]]<ref>[www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/Biography.aspx]</ref>, is the former [[military dictator]] and [[President of Pakistan]]. Previously, he was [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] as well as former [[Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army|Chief of Army Staff]] of the [[Pakistan Army]].<ref>{{citenews|title=Musharraf Quits Pakistani Army Post|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=2007-11-28|accessdate=2007-11-28|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/29/world/asia/29pakistan.html|author=Carlotta Gall}}</ref> On 18 August 2008, in a nationally-televised speech, he announced his resignation as president of Pakistan. |
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[[Image:RiggsFlatLake01.jpg|thumb|250px|Riggs Flat Lake]] |
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He seized power in 1999 by effecting a [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état|military coup d'état]] and has suspended the [[constitution of Pakistan]] twice since then. After announcing his intention to combat extremists, Western countries (including the United States and the United Kingdom) have switched from sanctions to active support through military and monetary aid. He took power on 12 October 1999, ousting [[Nawaz Sharif]], the elected [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Prime Minister]], dismissed the national and provincial legislative assemblies, assumed the title of ''Chief Executive'' and became Pakistan's ''de facto'' head of government, thereby becoming the fourth Army chief of Pakistan to have assumed executive control. Later in 2001, Musharraf appointed himself to the office of President of Pakistan. |
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[[Image:RiggsFlatLake10a.jpg|thumb|250px|Boat Launch Ramp]] |
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'''Riggs Flat Lake''' is located on the top of the [[Pinaleno Mountains|Pinaleño Mountains]], {{convert|40|mi|km}} southwest of [[Safford, Arizona|Safford]]. To get there use US highway 191 and turn southwest onto AZ Highway 366. The lake and campgrounds will be at the end of AZ 366. |
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On 3 November 2007, only days before a bench of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan]] was to decide on a petition challenging the constitutional validity of his re-election as president in the controversial [[Pakistani presidential election, 2007|October 2007 elections]], he, as Chief of Army Staff, suspended the constitution, jailed several justices and lawyers of the supreme court including [[Chief Justice of Pakistan|Chief Justice]] [[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]], ordered the arrest of political dissidents and human rights activists, and shut down all private television channels.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/627f84b0-960b-11dc-b7ec-0000779fd2ac.html What Musharraf must do now - Financial Times]</ref> On 3 November 2007, Musharraf declared a [[2007 Pakistani state of emergency|state of emergency in Pakistan]] which lasted until 15 December 2007. During this time, the constitution of the country was suspended.<ref name="Dawn">{{cite web | title= Musharraf imposes emergency rule | publisher=Dawn | url=http://www.dawn.com/2007/11/04/top1.htm|date=[[2007-11-03]]| accessdate=2007-11-03 }}</ref><ref name="CNN">{{cite web | title= Martial law declared in Pakistan|publisher=CNN | url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/11/03/pakistan.emergency/index.html |date=[[2007-11-03]]| accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> |
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==Boating Facility Features== |
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On 24 November 2007, the Pakistan Election Commission confirmed his re-election as President.<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/pak-ec-confirms-musharrafe-re-election-as-president_1006482.html "Pak EC confirms Musharraf’e re-election as President"] www.thaindian.com 24 November 2007</ref> |
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*Gravel Access |
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*Single [[Electric Motor]] Only |
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*Launching Area (1 Lane, Concrete) |
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*Parking Area |
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*Tables |
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*Drinking Water |
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*Handicap Accessible |
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*Restrooms |
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*Trailer Spaces |
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*[[Camping]] Allowed |
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==Fish Species== |
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On 18 August 2008, Pervez Musharraf resigned from the post of [[President of Pakistan]] under impeachment pressure from the coalition government. Consequently, his website was removed since he was no longer the President of Pakistan. A mirror website can be found at [http://generalpervaizmusharraf.com http://generalpervaizmusharraf.com]. Musharraf was succeeded on 6 September 2008, by [[Asif Ali Zardari]], duly elected as Pakistan's 11th President since 1956.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i9dz2ZxX6MRv5ZOKT4cx4-1O_qTQ afp.google.com, Zardari wins Pakistan presidential election: officials]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7600917.stm news.bbc.co.uk, Bhutto's widower wins presidency]</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/07/world/asia/07zardari.html?hp nytimes.com, Zardari Is Elected Pakistan’s President]</ref> |
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*[[Rainbow Trout]] |
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==Early life== |
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Pervez Musharraf was born on 11 August 1943 in Nahr wali [[Haveli]], situated in Kacha Saad Ullah [[Mohalla]]h, [[Daryaganj]] in [[Delhi]], [[British Raj|British India]].<ref>[http://www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/Biography.aspx Official Biography of Pervez Musharraf]</ref> He is from a family of civil servants. After Musharraf's grandfather, Qazi Mohtashimuddin, retired as the [[Commissioner#India|commissioner]] of [[Punjab (British India)|undivided Punjab]] he bought Neharwali Haveli in the old walled city of Delhi where Musharraf was born. The haveli, with its high roofs and arches, is believed to have been the home of a "[[Vizier|Wazir]]" (Minister) in the court of [[Bahadur Shah Zafar]] — the last [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] of the 18th century.<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/siafdu/musharraf1.html A boy called Musharraf]</ref> After partition, Musharraf's family migrated to Pakistan where his father, Syed Musharraf Uddin — a graduate of [[Aligarh University]] — joined the Pakistan foreign service and later retired as Secretary of foreign affairs. Musharraf's mother, Zarin, received her [[master's degree]] from the [[University of Lucknow]] in 1944. She recently retired from the UNO agency in ISB. |
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He revealed in his [[memoirs]] that he was critically injured after falling from a [[mango]] tree as a teenager, and he considers this his first direct experience with death.<ref name=memoirs>{{cite book|author=Pervez Musharraf | title=[[In the Line of Fire: A Memoir]] | publisher=Free Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-7432-8344-9}}</ref> |
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Musharraf attended [[Saint Patrick's High School, Karachi|Saint Patrick's School]], [[Karachi]], graduating in 1958, later attending [[Forman Christian College]] in [[Lahore]]. He also participated in a certificate course for media management from Delhi university.<ref name=memoirs/>He is said to have been good in mathematics during his student days. |
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Musharraf is married to Sehba, who is from [[Okara, Pakistan|Okara]]. They have a son, [[Bilal Musharraf|Bilal]], who was a graduate student at [[Stanford University]] and currently works in the Silicon Valley, and a daughter, Ayla Raza, who works as an architect in Karachi. |
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==Military career== |
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{{Infobox Military Person |
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|name=Pervez Musharraf |
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|image=[[Image:PervezMusharraf.jpg|250px]] |
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|caption=General Musharraf |
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|nickname= |
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|placeofbirth= |
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|placeofdeath= |
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|branch=[[Pakistan Army]] (PA – 6920) |
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|serviceyears=1964 - 2007 |
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|rank=[[General]] |
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|unit=Corps of Artillery |
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|commands=40th Infantry Division ([[Okara]])<br>DG Military Operations (DGMO)<br>[[I Corps (Pakistan)|I Strike Corps]] ([[Mangla]])<br>[[Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army|Chief of Army Staff]]<br>Chairman of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan|Joint Chiefs of Staff]] |
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|battles=[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]<br>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br>[[Siachen conflict]]<br>[[Kargil War]] |
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|awards= Tamgha-e-Basalat<br>[[Hilal-e-Imtiaz]] (Military)<br>[[Nishan-e-Imtiaz]] (Military) |
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|relations= |
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}} |
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In 1961, he entered the [[Pakistan Military Academy]] at [[Kakul]], graduating 11th in his class. He was commissioned in 1964 in the Artillery Regiment. Later he joined the [[Special Services Group]] and was posted to Field Artillery Regiments. A graduate of the [[Command and Staff College]], [[Quetta]], and the [[National Defence University, Islamabad|National Defence College]], [[Rawalpindi]], Musharraf is also a graduate of the [[Royal College of Defence Studies]] of the United Kingdom. Musharraf revealed in his memoirs that in 1965 he was charged with taking [[Desertion|unauthorized leave]] and was about to be [[court-martial]]ed for it, but was excused due to the war with India.<ref name=memoirs/> |
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===Indo-Pakistani wars=== |
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Musharraf participated in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] as the 2nd [[Lieutenant]] in the 16 (SP) Field Artillery Regiment. His regiment saw action as part of the First Armoured Division’s offensive in the [[Khemkaran]] sector, as part of a major offensive against the Indian Army, the Pakistani army advanced {{convert|15|mi|km}} into India and it was in the town of Khem Karan that Musharraf wrote his first letter to his mother during the war "proudly saying that I was writing from India".<ref name=memoirs/> However despite the initial success and possessing a quantitative advantage and significant superiority in armour,<ref>[http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/india/assaluttar.html The Battle of Assal Uttar: Pakistan and India 1965]</ref> the 1st armoured division (labelled "pride of the Pakistan Army") suffered a "crushing defeat" at Khemkaran, which became known as "Patton Nagar" or graveyard of Pakistani tanks.<ref name=pakdefinfo>[http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/army/tanks/patton.html PakDef.Info - M47 & M48 Patton in Pakistani Service]</ref> By all accounts the vital advance failed at the [[Battle of Asal Uttar]], as Pakistan lost a golden opportunity to make major strategic gains, and was a turning point in the war.<ref>"Musharraf’s fiery memoirs" by Anwar Kemal, [[Dawn (newspaper)]] 14 October 2006</ref><ref name=pakdefinfo/> His regiment was later moved to the Lahore front which was threatened by the Indian Army, according to Musharraf "Having stabilized the Lahore front, we were ordered to move again to the Sialkot front. This was where the famous tank battles of Chawinda were fought. At the end of the war this sector was to become a graveyard of Indian tanks.".<ref name="ITLOF">[[In the Line of Fire: A Memoir]]</ref> During the war Musharraf was noted for sticking to his post under shellfire.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/documentaries/profile/pervez-musharraf.shtml Pervez Musharraf: PROFILE - BBC 4 Documentary]</ref> Towards the end of the war an Indian shell hit one of the artillery guns of Musharraf's unit and set it on fire. According to Musharraf, whilst everyone else took cover, he, followed by another soldier, "dashed to the blazing gun" and removed the "hot shells" one by one and "threw them to safety on the ground". For this he received an award for gallantry and was promoted to the rank of captain.<ref name="ITLOF"/> |
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Later, in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] he served as a [[Company (military unit)|Company]] [[Commander]] in the [[Special Service Group]] (SSG) Commando Battalion. Originally scheduled to be flown to [[East Pakistan]] along with other SSG troops, he was redeployed in Punjab as war broke out and all flights over India were cancelled. He later admitted that he "broke down and wept"<ref name=memoirs/> when he heard the "disgusting" news of Pakistan's unconditional surrender to India.<ref>[http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060425/asp/nation/story_6142205.asp Musharraf’s 1971, a sob story], [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1502245,prtpage-1.cms Musharraf 'wept' when East Pak fell]</ref> Later he commanded Regiments of Artillery, an [[Artillery Brigade]] and then an [[Division (military)|Infantry Division]]. In September 1987, he was instrumental in giving orders to a newly formed SSG at Khapalu base (Kashmir), which launched an assault and successfully captured two intermediate posts, [[Bilafond La]] in [[Siachen Glacier]], before being pushed back.<ref>[http://www.jamestown.org/publications_details.php?volume_id=400&issue_id=3101&article_id=2368659 Jamestown Foundation]</ref> |
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On promotion to the rank of Major General on 15 January 1991, he was assigned the command of an Infantry Division. Later, on promotion to Lieutenant General on 21 October 1995 he took over command of 1 Corps, the elite strike Corps. In 1998, following the resignation of General Jehangir Karamat, he was personally promoted over other senior officers by Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]], as an obedient officer and took over as the Army Chief of Staff and Chairman of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan|Joint Chiefs of Staff]]. |
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===Role in Kargil Conflict=== |
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{{main|Kargil War}} |
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From May to July 1999, Pakistan and India were involved in the [[Kargil Conflict]], an armed conflict between the two countries in the Kargil district of [[Kashmir]]. It was planned and executed during General Musharraf's term as the Pakistani Army Chief of Staff under Prime Minister Sharif. |
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Sharif has claimed that Musharraf was solely responsible for the Kargil attacks.<ref>[http://www.weeklyvoice.com/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1443&Itemid=66 Musharraf Vs. Sharif: Who's Lying?]</ref> On the other hand, Musharraf claims that the decision was made by Sharif, who was under United States pressure. Ex-[[CENTCOM]] Commander [[Anthony Zinni]], and Sharif, have stated that Musharraf requested that the Prime Minister withdraw Pakistani troops from Kashmir.<ref>{{cite book | author=[[Tom Clancy]], Gen. Tony Zinni (Retd) and Tony Koltz | title=Battle Ready | publisher=Grosset & Dunlap | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-399-15176-1}}</ref> |
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Musharraf role in the Kargil has also been criticized by his that time top-rank commander [[Lt Gen (retd) Jamshaid Gulzar Kiyani]]. Jamshed Gulzar Kiyani said according to his information Nawaz Sharif did not know anything about the Kargil episode. He was never thoroughly briefed on the same. He supported holding of a probe into the Kargil fiasco, adding factors behind the scene, about which people do not know, would also come into the limelight<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=15086 Jamshaid Gulzar criticized Musharraf]</ref>. |
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Asked what was his plan on Kargil, General Kiyani said he had briefed Nawaz Sharif and told him that it was a very sensitive issue and he could not unveil all the details to him. He was only apprised of the ongoing situation. Nawaz time and again asked about the truth from senior officials including [[Sartaj Aziz]] who was the foreign minister. He also tried to persuade the chief of army staff<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=15086 Kiyani told all about Kargil]</ref>. |
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Kiyani said our soldiers bravely fought the Kargil war and despite the fact that supplies were disrupted due to extreme cold, the soldiers continued the war. Referring to the book authored by General Musharraf, "In The Line Of Fire", Jamshed Gulzar Kiyani said whatever has been written there is against logic; and the impression that [[Nawaz Sharif]] was at fault to surrender at Kargil was created by General Pervez Musharraf and it was totally wrong. Ex-general also suggested for making an example of Musharraf, for he was the cause of Kargil debacle<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=15086 Ex-general for making an example of Musharraf]</ref>. |
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Musharraf's role in planning the Kargil attacks was also criticized by one British journalist for showing "a shocking lack of strategy."<ref> |
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[http://www.guardian.co.uk/kashmir/Story/0,2763,726763,00.html Risk-taker Musharraf prepares to show his hand Rory McCarthy in Islamabad] Guardian Unlimited Monday 3 June 2002</ref> |
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Casualties on both sides had been particularly heavy in Kargil.<ref> [http://www.lib.virginia.edu/area-studies/SouthAsia/SAserials/Dawn/1999/22May99.html#gunb Gun-battle flares up along LoC] DAWN Wire Service 21 May 1999 </ref> Musharraf had good relations with [[Jehangir Karamat]] from whom he took over the command. Soon after the coup, one of the first to be appointed as minister was journalist [[Maleeha Lodhi]] who was close to Jehangir Karamat. Also recruited was Shaukat Aziz (who served as the country's Prime Minister later) who volunteered to improve the economy. Western banks rescheduled Pakistani loans, which had been subjected to [[economic sanction]]s since Pakistan conducted [[atomic testing]]. |
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Pervez Musharraf resigned from the Army on 28 November 2007 in an attempt to regularise his position as President.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/7116290.stm|title=Musharraf Give Up Army Uniform|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2007-11-28}}</ref> |
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==Presidency== |
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{{Politics of Pakistan}} |
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===Military coup d'état=== |
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{{main|1999 Pakistani coup d'état}} |
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Musharraf became ''[[de facto]]'' Head of Government (using the title ''Chief Executive'' and assuming extensive powers) of Pakistan following a bloodless [[coup d'état]] on 12 October 1999. That day, Sharif attempted to dismiss Musharraf and install [[Inter-Services Intelligence]] (ISI) Director Ziauddin Butt in his place. Musharraf, who was out of the country, boarded a commercial airliner to return to Pakistan. Senior army generals refused to accept Musharraf's dismissal, which was deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. |
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Sharif ordered the Karachi airport closed to prevent the landing of the airliner, which then circled the skies over Karachi. In the coup, the Generals ousted Sharif's administration and took over the airport. The plane landed, allegedly with only a few minutes of fuel to spare, and Musharraf assumed control of the government. Sharif was put under [[house arrest]] and later exiled, where he resided until he returned again to Pakistan on 25 November 2007. |
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He and other leaders have subsequently been prevented from entering Pakistan. Reportedly, the disagreement between Musharraf and Sharif centred around the Prime Minister's desire to find a diplomatic resolution to the conflict with India in the [[Kashmir region]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/472997.stm BBC profile on Musharraf]</ref> |
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The existing President of Pakistan, [[Rafiq Tarar]], remained in office until June 2001. Musharraf formally appointed himself President on 20 June 2001, just days before his scheduled visit to [[Agra]] for talks with India. |
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===Domestic issues=== |
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====2002 elections==== |
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{{Unreferencedsection|date=December 2007}} |
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Shortly after Musharraf's takeover, several people filed court petitions challenging his assumption of power. However, he got [[The Oath of Judges Order 2000]] issued. It required the judges to take a fresh oath of office swearing allegiance to military rule and to state they would make no decisions against the military. Many judges refused and resigned in protest. On 12 May 2000, the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]] ordered Musharraf to hold national elections by 12 October 2002; elections for local governments took place in 2001. |
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In an attempt to legitimize his presidency and assure its continuance after the approaching restoration of democracy, he held a referendum on 30 April 2002<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2002/04/30/top1.htm Musharraf referendum]</ref> to extend his term to five years after the October elections. However, the referendum was [[boycott]]ed by the majority of Pakistani political groupings, which later complained that the vote was heavily [[Rigged election|rigged]], and voter turnout was 30 percent or below by most estimates. A few weeks later, Musharraf went on TV and apologized to the nation for "irregularities" in the referendum<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2002/05/28/top1.htm Musharraf appologized for "irregularities]</ref>. |
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General elections were held in October 2002 and a [[plurality (voting)|plurality]] of the seats in the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] was won by the [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]] (PML-Q), a pro-Musharraf party. It formed a majority coalition with independents and allies such as the [[Muttahida Qaumi Movement]] (MQM). However, parties opposed to Musharraf effectively paralysed the [[National Assembly of Pakistan|National Assembly]] for over a year. The following month, Musharraf handed over certain powers to the newly elected Parliament. The National Assembly elected [[Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] as Prime Minister, who in turn appointed his own cabinet. |
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In December 2003, Musharraf made a deal with [[Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal]], a six-member coalition of [[Islam]]ic parties, agreeing to leave the army by 31 December 2004. With that party's support, pro-Musharraf legislators were able to muster the two-thirds [[supermajority]] required to pass the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan|Seventeenth Amendment]], which retroactively legalized Musharraf's 1999 coup and many of his decrees. In late 2004, Musharraf went back on his agreement with the MMA and pro-Musharraf legislators in the Parliament passed a bill allowing Musharraf to keep both offices. |
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====Denunciation of extremism==== |
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On 12 January 2002, Musharraf gave a landmark speech against [[Islamic extremism]]. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. |
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At the same time as banning foreign funding of Islamic educational institutions, he made it compulsory for them to teach a whole host of additional subjects such as computing. This meant that many had to close due to the halt of funds from Pakistanis working abroad resulting in not being able to teach the additional subjects that he had made compulsory. Musharraf also instituted prohibitions on foreign students' access to studying Islam within Pakistan, an effort which began as an outright ban but was later reduced to restrictions on obtaining [[Visa (document)|visas]].<ref>[http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0619/p07s01-wosc.html Christian Science Monitor - Analysts say Washington's fears that Islamic extremists will take control of Pakistan are overblown..]</ref> |
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On 18 September 2005, Musharraf made a historic speech before a broad based audience of [[Jew]]ish leadership, sponsored by the [[American Jewish Congress]]'s Council for World Jewry, in [[New York City]].<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2005/09/19/top1.htm Musharraf adressed Jewish congregation in New York]</ref> In the speech, he denounced terrorism and opened the door to relationships between Pakistan and [[Israel]], as well as between the Muslim world and Jews worldwide. He was widely criticized by [[Middle East]]ern [[Arab]] leaders and Muslim clerics, but was met with some praise among Jewish leadership.<ref>[http://www.arabnews.com/services/print/print.asp?artid=70295&d=19&m=9&y=2005&hl=Musharraf%20Talks%20to%20Jewish%20Leaders '''Arab News''', ''Musharraf Talks to Jewish Leaders'', Barbara Ferguson, 9/19/05]</ref> |
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On 13 September 2007, 300 Pakistani troops were captured by Islamic militants. Terrorists then bombed Musharraf's own SSG unit, killing 16, and launched rocket attacks in the North-West Frontier province and Tribal areas. |
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====Assassination attempts==== |
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On 14 December 2003, Musharraf survived an assassination attempt when a powerful bomb went off minutes after his highly-guarded [[convoy]] crossed a bridge in [[Rawalpindi]]. It was the third such attempt during his four-year rule. On 25 December 2003, two [[Suicide bombing|suicide bombers]] tried to assassinate Musharraf, but their [[car bomb]]s failed to kill him; 16 others nearby died instead.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3351207.stm Arrests follow Musharraf attack - BBC News]</ref> Musharraf escaped with only a cracked windscreen on his car. Militant [[Amjad Farooqi]] was apparently suspected of being the mastermind behind these attempts, and was killed by Pakistani forces in 2004 after an extensive manhunt. |
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On 6 July 2007, there was another attempted assassination, when an unknown group fired a 7.62 [[submachine gun]] at Musharraf's plane as it took off from a [[runway]] in [[Rawalpindi]]. Security also recovered 2 [[Anti-aircraft warfare|anti-aircraft guns]], from which no shots had been fired.<ref>Masood, Salman and Nizza, Mike [http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/06/world/asia/06cnd-pakistan.html?hp "Gunmen Fire on Musharraf’s Plane"] [[New York Times]] (nytimes.com) 6 July 2007</ref> On 17 July 2007, Pakistani police detained 39 people in relation to the attempted assassination of Musharraf.<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jul/17pak1.htm "Attack on Musharraf: 39 detained"] rediff.com 17 July 2007</ref> They were detained at an undisclosed location by a joint team of [[Punjab Police (Pakistan)|Punjab Police]], the [[Federal Investigation Agency]] and other Pakistani intelligence agencies.<ref>[http://server.kbri-islamabad.go.id/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1248&Itemid=43 "39 arrested for links to attack on Musharraf"] server.kbri-islamabad.go.id/ 17 July 2007</ref> |
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====2004 confidence vote and resignation of Jamali==== |
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{{Refimprove|section|date=December 2007}} |
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On 1 January 2004 Musharraf won a [[confidence vote]] in the [[Electoral College of Pakistan]], consisting of both houses of Parliament and the four provincial assemblies. Musharraf received 658 out of 1170 votes, a 56 percent majority, but many opposition and Islamic members of parliament walked out to protest the vote. As a result of this vote, according to Article 41(8) of the [[Constitution of Pakistan]], Musharraf was "deemed to be elected" to the office of President. His term now extends to 2007. |
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Prime Minister [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]] resigned on 26 June 2004, after losing the support of the PML(Q). His resignation was at least partly due to his public differences with the party chairman [[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]], and was rumoured to have happened at Musharraf's command, although neither man has confirmed this. Jamali had been appointed with the support of Musharraf's and the pro-Musharraf PML(Q). Most PML(Q) parliamentarians formerly belonged to the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] party led by Sharif, and most ministers of the cabinet were formerly senior members of other parties, joining the PML(Q) after the elections upon being offered powerful offices. It is believed that Musharraf replaced Jamali due to his poor performance and in his place Musharraf nominated [[Shaukat Aziz]], the minister for finance and a former employee of [[Citibank]]<ref>[http://financialeducation.citigroup.com/citigroup/press/1998/data/981013a.htm Citigroup: Global Consumer Business Announces Management Structure]</ref> and head of ''Citibank Private Banking'' as the new prime minister. |
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====Economy==== |
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After [[nuclear test]]s were carried out in 1998, during the Sharif government, the United States and the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] imposed [[economic sanctions]] on Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/asia_nuclear_crisis/archive/102096.stm Pakistan carries out nuclear tests]</ref> When Musharraf came to power in the coup d'état the following year Pakistan was expelled from the Commonwealth.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/1849950.stm Pakistan challenges Commonwealth - BBC News]</ref> This initially compounded the economic problems, and many experts claimed Pakistan was a [[failed state]], as it was close to bankruptcy and investor confidence was at an all-time low. After Musharraf promised support in the hunt for [[Osama Bin Laden]], international sanctions were lifted.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1559419.stm Sanctions boost for Pakistan economy - BBC News]</ref> |
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Musharraf then appointed [[Shaukat Aziz]], a former Citibank executive, as finance minister.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3941185.stm Profile: Shaukat Aziz - BBC News]</ref> World powers weighed in for debt rescheduling<ref> [http://www.newsline.com.pk/NewsDec2001/economy.htm Hope of Deliverance?]</ref><ref> [http://www.rediff.com/us/2002/sep/27us1.htm Bush promises Pakistan $1 billion in debt relief]</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1567177.stm Japan eases Pakistan's debt burden]</ref><ref>[http://ideas.repec.org/a/pid/journl/v40y2001i4p689-704.html Determinants of Debt Rescheduling in Pakistan]</ref> to reward Pakistan due to the "[[War on Terrorism]]", which helped in saving hundreds millions of dollars, in addition to securing new [[loan]]s. As a result, foreign exchange reserves increased exceeding $16 billion in 2006, but at the same time foreign debt hit an all time high topping $40 billion.<ref>[http://thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=9799 External debt rises to $40 billion]</ref> The government claims that the economy has grown in several sectors and that [[per capita income]] of Pakistan has more than doubled in the last seven years.<ref>[http://www.pakmission-uk.gov.pk/News/NewsItem214.asp Forbes Article "Pakistan: Economic growth challenge extremism" by Michael Knipe] on The High Commission for Pakistan in United Kingdom website</ref> |
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=====Poverty alleviation===== |
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Upon assuming power, Musharraf made promises to alleviate poverty, according to the President of Pakistan's website. |
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{{cquote|The overall macro-economic indicators from 1999 – 2004 have seen vast improvement with fiscal deficit, expenditures, and foreign debts having been reduced; and earnings, [[foreign exchange]] reserves, exports and revenue collection having increased.|<ref>[http://www.presidentofpakistan.gov.pk/FFEconomy.aspx General Pervez Musharraf - About Pakistan: Facts & Figures]</ref>}} |
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Despite producing what reports call "a bumper crop of 23.5 million tons" of wheat, the country suffered the worst shortages of wheat in the summer of 2007, with the prices of flour rising by more than 20 percent.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2007/09/19/local22.htm Hyderabad: SAB shocked over flour crisis despite bumper crop]</ref> |
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====Corruption issues==== |
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When Musharraf came to power, he claimed that the corruption in the government bureaucracy would be cleaned up.<ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1777889.stm BBC - Musharraf's corruption crackdown 'failing']</ref> However, as many analysts have noted, his regime has done little to quash corruption, even years into his administration.<ref name="BBC" /> |
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According to a survey by [[Transparency International]], Pakistani public opinion perceived the first and second terms of Musharraf's administration as respectively more corrupt than the first and second terms of previous administrations led by Bhutto and Sharif, respectively.<ref name=dailytimes>[http://dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C09%5C25%5Cstory_25-9-2006_pg3_1 Editorial: Disinformation International?] 25 September 2006, ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.zeenews.com/articles.asp?aid=323649&sid=SAS&ssid= Zee News - Musharraf regime more corrupt than govts of Sharif, Bhutto]</ref> Musharraf's second term was perceived as being the most corrupt term of office among the those of the three leaders.<ref name=dailytimes/> |
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According to a combined poll by ''[[Dawn News]]'', ''[[Indian Express]]'' and [[CNN-IBN]], a majority believe that corruption during this administration has increased.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/story/210515.html Manmohan Singh’s ratings soar; across the border, General’s sink (Sanjay Kumar / Yogendra Yadav, 15 August 2007)]</ref><ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2007/08/14/top4.htm Daily Times - 54.5 per cent want military out of politics]</ref> An [[Asian Development Bank]] report on the state of the country during the 60th year of Independence describes it as a country with "poor governance, endemic corruption and social indicators that are among the worst in Asia".<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2007/08/15/top8.htm ADB points to poor governance: Pakistan’s social indicators among worst in Asia By Khaleeq Kiani] 15 August 2007 Dawn</ref> |
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There have also been allegations that corrupt [[servicemen]] aren't being prosecuted because of the [[Military Junta|junta's]] clout.<ref>[http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/magazine/2000/0505/nat.pakistan.html Bogged Down By Endless Troubles by AYAZ GUL Islamabad] - [[Asiaweek]]</ref> Pakistani media too have alleged that individual corruption of the previous government was replaced by institutionalised corruption of the Pakistan Army, awarding land deeds and a life of luxury to its officers.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=29009 George Orwell and Musharraf's book By Aisha Fayyazi Sarwari] 3 November 2006 [[The News International|The News]]</ref> |
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Later in 2007, his government cost national exchequer hundreds of millions of [[rupee]]s to hire teams of expensive lawyers to represent his government in courts. In one such case regarding the privatization of Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation, whose worth was stated to be Rupees 600 billion, and which was sold out for mere Rupees 20.6 billions,<ref> [http://www.dawn.com/2006/08/09/tab.pdf The judgment of the Supreme Court of Pakistan in Pakistan Steel Mills case] </ref> the government had spent Rupees 90 million ([[£]]900.000), with [[Sharifuddin Pirzada]] alone getting away with 6.6 million rupees (£66,000). |
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Following allegations by Pakistan's ruling PPP chief Zardari that Musharraf might have misappropriated $700 million in US aid,<ref>[http://www.ptinews.com/pti%5Cptisite.nsf/0/0477658AF33A33D3652574A100226BE1?OpenDocument Musharraf "misappropriated" US aid worth 700 mn dlrs: Zardari] Aug 10, 2008, PTI</ref> Musharraf may face corruption, murder charges and impeachment.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2008/08/11/top1.htm |
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Musharraf may face corruption, murder charges]11 August 2008 Dawn, Pakistan</ref><ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/08/11/asia/pakistan.php Pakistan assembly moves closer to impeaching Musharraf] Reuters, The Associated Press, 11 August 2008]</ref> |
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====Suspension and reinstatement of the Chief Justice==== |
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On 9 March 2007, Musharraf suspended the Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice [[Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry]]. In an interview about the matter given to [[Geo TV]], Musharraf stated that Chaudhry himself wished to meet with him and Musharraf then presented him with evidence related to charges made against Chaudhry for abuse of office.<ref>[http://www.zshare.net/video/1322797bd9d95c/ Video of interview with Geo TV.]</ref> Other sources maintain that Chaudhry was summoned by the General at his Army residence in Rawalpindi and asked to explain his position on a list of charges brought against him from several quarters.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6442829.stm Judge row prompts Pakistan democracy questions], BBC, Monday, 12 March 2007, 17:47 GMT.</ref> Chaudhry was demanded to resign, but he refused and was detained. While this was not confirmed by the Affidavit presented by him in Supreme Court, While affidavits by other people in same case has said that it was not true and he (Chief Justice) has asked to meet the President and was not asked to resign. Meanwhile, another senior judge, Justice [[Javaid Iqbal]], was appointed as the acting Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. |
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Musharraf's moves sparked protests among Pakistani lawyers. On 12 March 2007, lawyers across Pakistan began boycotting all court procedures in protest against the suspension. In [[Islamabad]], as well as other cities such as [[Lahore]], [[Karachi]] and [[Quetta]], hundreds of lawyers dressed in black suits attended rallies, condemning the suspension as unconstitutional. Slowly the expressions of support for the ousted Chief Justice gathered momentum and by May, protesters and opposition parties took out huge rallies against Musharraf and his tenure as army chief was also challenged in the courts.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2007/05/15/top10.htm Musharraf’s tenure as army chief challenged] Dawn </ref><ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C05%5C14%5Cstory_14-5-2007_pg3_1 EDITORIAL: Musharraf’s political options are closing] ''[[Daily Times]]''</ref> |
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Rallies held by the MQM and other political parties left more than 40 people dead in firefights in the streets of Karachi, and the offices of AAJ TV were caught in the crossfire and sustained damage. Opposition parties have accused the government and Rangers of not doing enough to stop the violence. |
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On 20 July, the Supreme Court reinstated Chaudhry. It also dismissed misconduct charges that Musharraf filed against him.<ref>[http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2007/7/20/worldupdates/2007-07-20T193211Z_01_NOOTR_RTRMDNC_0_-285778-3&sec=Worldupdates Kamran Haider, "Court reinstates Pakistan judge in blow to Musharraf" "The Star" [of Malaysia] 20 July 2007]</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.therealnews.com/web/index.php?thisdataswitch=0&thisid=346&thisview=item |title=The Real News — Pakistan Supreme Court reinstates chief justice |accessdate=2007-07-21 |format= |work=}}</ref> But Musharraf retaliated by declaring a [[state of emergency]] in November and finally deposed the chief justice and other senior colleagues. New prime minister [[Yousuf Raza Gilani]] freed Chaudhry in March, but the coalition government could not agree on how to reinstate the judges.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5j4fziKbgTSVaOeAip0rkN3Aqa_yg afp.google.com, Deposed Pakistan judge heads for protest rally]</ref> |
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On 10 June 2008, thousands of Pakistani lawyers led by deposed (in November) Chief Justice Chaudhry and Sabihuddin Ahmed (deposed chief justice of the high court in [[Sindh]]), started the '"long march", rallies and protests across [[Multan]], Pakistan. In what they called an 'historic day' to demand the reinstatement of dozens of senior judges sacked last year, 4,000 activists from various political parties chanted slogans: "Go, Musharraf, Go!," "Here comes the lion!" and "Musharraf is an American dog!" Protesters will arrive at [[Islamabad]], [[Karachi]] on Thursday. Nawaz and Imran would participate in the long march.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7444265.stm news.bbc.co.uk, Pakistani lawyers in 'long march']</ref> |
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====Lal Masjid siege==== |
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{{main|Lal Masjid siege}} |
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The standoff between the Pakistani government and the clerics of the [[Lal Masjid]] in Islamabad finally broke down on the morning of 8 July 2007, when the official government delegation led by [[Shujaat Hussain]] declared that the negotiations with the militants holed up in the mosque have reached an agreement. However, the clerics refused to release the hostages as promised by them in the agreement. Musharraf therefore gave the militants half an hour to abide by the agreement or face the operation. |
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In addition to militants, there were several hundred students held hostages, many of who were minor girls, whom were being used as human shields.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2119533,00.html Pakistan steps up pressure on mosque militants - The Guardian]</ref> |
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After the negotiations failed the troops were given the go ahead to storm the complex, which they did. Codenamed "[[Operation Silence]]", the objective was to capture or kill the militants if they resisted — as well as rescuing all the students kept as hostages. Musharraf had been criticised for some for his inaction against the Lal Masjid.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2119665,00.html Q&A: Pakistan mosque siege - The Guardian]</ref> |
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====August state of emergency rumours==== |
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On 8 August 2007 a rumour spread across Pakistan that a [[State of emergency]] was going to be enforced across the country. The rumour was picked up by the electronic media. Government Ministers confirmed that the option of enforcing emergency was being considered due to “internal and external threats” that the country was facing. Prompted by the news reports, U.S. Secretary of State [[Condoleezza Rice]] made a 17-minute telephone call to Musharraf. A senior western diplomat noted that it is likely that Rice persuaded Musharraf to not impose such an emergency.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/26c7f0dc-4661-11dc-a3be-0000779fd2ac.html FT.Com - Rice acts over Pakistan ‘emergency’]</ref> |
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On 9 August 2007, Musharraf confirmed that he would not be imposing emergency in Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070022068&ch=8/9/2007%204:31:00%20PM NDTV.com]</ref> This was followed by a clarification from U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] that the imposition of emergency in Pakistan was not a reality.<ref>[http://www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=7455ec36-fc8f-41b3-b7bd-c0970a8c1948&k=82490 National Post Canada - Musharraf rejects emergency, wants polls in Pakistan] </ref> [[Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain]], President of [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (PML) admitted that he had suggested the imposition of “partial emergency” in the country. He also said that the government is still considering the imposition of emergency.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C08%5C11%5Cstory_11-8-2007_pg1_3 Daily Times Pakistan - Shujaat admits suggesting emergency]</ref> |
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However, the [[Karachi Stock Exchange]] fell after the rumour spread that the government is imposing emergency in Pakistan. The Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Index fell 382.61, or 2.8 percent, to close at 13,181.94, the largest fluctuation among markets included in global benchmarks.<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601091&sid=a3oe4GL9Z7KE&refer=india Bloomberg Pakistan Stocks Fall Most in Three Weeks: World's Biggest Mover] </ref> |
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====Relations with Benazir Bhutto==== |
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Also on 8 August 2007, [[Benazir Bhutto]] spoke about her [[Benazir Bhutto#The Deal with the Musharraf Government|secret meeting with Musharraf]] on 27 July, in an interview on the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]. |
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On 14 September 2007, Deputy Information Minister Tariq Azim stated that Bhutto won't be deported, but must face corruption suits against her. He clarified Sharif's and Bhutto's right to return to Pakistan: "''Nawaz Sharif's case was different. He went back to [[Saudi Arabia]] because of an undertaking he had with the Saudi government; She (Bhutto) was always allowed to come back''." Pakistan People's Party Farhatullah Babar said that Benazir Bhutto will forthwith declare the exact date of her return: "''We are announcing the date of the return for Benazir Bhutto to Pakistan at 5:00 p.m. (1200 GMT)" (Makhdoom Amin Fahim will publish it at a news conference in Islamabad''." Musharraf faced a rising militant violence, with a [[suicide bombing]] killing 15 elite commandos on 13 September.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hf0Ur8PXuHCLiCFguRhOcyFg04mw AFP.google.com, Bhutto set to announce return date to Pakistan]</ref> Bhutto declared her return from eight years exile on 18 October. Makhdoom Amin Faheem, vice chair of Pakistan Peoples Party said that "''Benazir Bhutto will be landing in [[Karachi]] on 18 October''." |
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On 17 September 2007, Bhutto accused Musharraf's allies of pushing Pakistan to crisis by refusal to restore democracy and share power. [[Sheikh Rashid Ahmed]] stated that officials had agreed to grant Benazir Bhutto amnesty in pending corruption charges.<ref name = nytimesoctober2/> |
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Musharraf called for a three day mourning period after Bhutto's assassination on 27 December 2007 |
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====Resignation from the Army==== |
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On 2 October 2007, Musharraf named Lt. Gen. [[Ashfaq Kayani]] as vice chief of the army starting 8 October. When Musharraf resigned from military on 28 November 2007, Kayani became [[Chief of Army Staff]].<ref name=nytimesoctober2>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/02/world/asia/03pakistan.html?hp New York Times, Maneuvering Before Vote in Pakistan]</ref> |
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====Return of Nawaz Sharif==== |
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Sharif returned to Pakistan in September 2007, and was immediately arrested and taken into custody at the airport.<ref>[http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-29438820070910?src=091007_1328_TOPSTORY_sharif_arrested_after_return_to_pakistan Reuters, Nawaz Sharif arrested after return to Pakistan]</ref> Sharif initially refused to hand over his passport to immigration officials on the plane. Finally, the plane carrying Sharif left Pakistan for [[Saudi Arabia]]. "''He has been sent back''," a senior security official told AFP, as local television showed a [[Pakistan International Airlines]] airplane carried deported Sharif from Islamabad airport.<ref>[http://www.mercurynews.com/nationworld/ci_6850239 Mercurynews.com, Former Pakistani PM Sharif deported to Saudi Arabia: officials]</ref> |
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Sharif returned to [[Jeddah]], where he was met by Saudi intelligence chief Prince [[Muqran bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud]]. Pakistan's Religious Affairs Minister Ijaz-ul Haq stated that "''He has not only embarrassed Pakistan but also the leadership of Saudi Arabia by violating the agreement.''" The [[European Union]] asked the Pakistani government to respect the court ruling, while the U.S. government said that the deportation was an "''internal matter''" but said that elections should be "''free and fair''". [[Human Rights Watch]] accused Musharraf of violating [[international law]], and Sharif's Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz party condemned the deportation by filing a contempt suit in the Supreme Court.<ref>[http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/299098/1/.html ChannelNewsAsia.com, US says ex-Pakistani premier Sharif's deportation an "internal matter"]</ref> |
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====2007 elections==== |
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{{main|Pakistani presidential election, 2007}} |
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In an interview in March 2007, Musharraf said that he intends to stay in the office for another five years.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2007%5C03%5C11%5Cstory_11-3-2007_pg7_1 Daily Times - Musharraf tells why he wants another five years]</ref> |
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A nine-member panel of Supreme Court judges deliberated on six petitions (including [[Jamaat-e-Islami]]'s, Pakistan's largest Islamic group) for disqualification of Musharraf as presidential candidate. Bhutto stated that her party may join other opposition groups, including Sharif's. [[Attorney-general]] Malik Mohammed Qayyum stated that, [[pendente lite]], the [[Election Commission]] was "''reluctant''" to announce the schedule for the presidential vote. Bhutto's party [[Farhatullah Babar]] stated that the Constitution could bar Musharraf from being elected again because he holds the army chief's post. "''As Gen. Musharraf is disqualified from contesting for President, he has prevailed upon the Election Commission to arbitrarily and illegally tamper with the Constitution of Pakistan''." |
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On 24 September 2007, the president of the Supreme Court [[bar association]], [[Munir Malik]], announced that former Supreme Court judge [[Wajihuddin Ahmed]] would challenge Musharraf in Pakistan's October presidential election. Ahmad had little chance of defeating Musharraf (since the president is elected by parliament and provincial assemblies). Also, 24 persons were detained due to protest outside the court in Islamabad.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7009845.stm BBC NEWS, Musharraf facing election rival]</ref> |
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On 28 September 2007, in a 6-3 vote, the court presided by Judge [[Rana Bhagwandas]] ruled: "''These petitions are held to be non-maintainable''." The judgment removed obstacles to Musharraf's election bid.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/09/28/pakistan.politics.ap/index.html CNN, Musharraf wins ruling on army role]</ref> |
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On 2 October 2007, 85 Pakistani opposition lawmakers resigned from the country's parliament to derail Musharraf's reelection bid. National Assembly Speaker [[Chaudhry Amir Hussain]] stated that the resignations would not affect the presidential election. Under Pakistani law, the national parliament and provincial assemblies choose the president. The current parliament is expected to elect a president before 15 October, with the new five-year term starting on 15 November.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/10/02/musharraf.protests/index.html Cnn.com, Mass walkout bid to stop Musharraf]</ref> |
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On 6 October 2007, Musharraf won a vote to be re-elected Pakistan's president. However, the Supreme Court ruled that no winner would be proclaimed until it decides on the legality issue.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7031070.stm BBC NEWS, Musharraf 'wins presidency vote']</ref> |
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===Emergency declared in Pakistan=== |
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{{main|2007 Pakistani state of emergency}} |
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On 3 November 2007 Musharraf declared [[emergency rule]] across Pakistan. He suspended the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]], imposed State of Emergency, and fired the chief justice of the [[Supreme Court of Pakistan|Supreme Court]].<ref name="nyt emergency">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/04/world/asia/04pakistan.html?_r=1&ref=asia&oref=slogin|title=Musharraf Declares Emergency Rule|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|date=4 November 2007|accessdate=2007-11-03}}</ref> While addressing the nation on State Television, Musharraf declared that the state of emergency was imposed in the country. In Islamabad, troops entered the Supreme Court building, arrested the judges and kept them under detention in their homes. Troops were deployed inside state-run TV and radio stations, while independent channels went off air. |
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===Pakistani general election, 2008=== |
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On 23 March 2008, President Musharraf said an "era of democracy" has begun in Pakistan. He has put the country "on the track of development and progress." |
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On 22 March, the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] named former parliament speaker [[Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani]] as its candidate for the country's next prime minister, to lead a coalition government united against him. A confirmation vote is scheduled for 24 March 2008 in parliament, and the prime minister would be sworn in by Musharraf 25 March 2008. Gilani will likely face an opposition candidate from Musharraf's [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)]]. However, that nomination is largely symbolic because Musharraf and his allies lack a majority in parliament. Bhutto's widower, [[Asif Ali Zardari]] and former Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]], who came in second in the elections, pledged that their coalition will tackle the massive challenges facing Pakistan, including a wave of [[Islam]]ic militancy, high [[inflation]] and electricity shortages. Zardari and Sharif were ousted in Musharraf's [[1999 Pakistani coup d'état]]. A confrontation still looms between Musharraf and Sharif, who has been one of the most vocal in calling for the unpopular president's resignation or impeachment.<ref name="cnn22mar08">{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/03/22/pakistan.pm.ap/index.html|title=Musharraf hails democracy in Pakistan|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=22 March 2008|accessdate=2008-03-23}}</ref> |
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====June 2008 elections==== |
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The [[Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz]] (PML-N) and the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) on 27 June 2008, won three and two five by-election seats, respectively, to the national parliament. Polls were postponed for the 6th seat in [[Lahore]] due to [[Nawaz Sharif]]'s eligibility contest. A court ruled he was ineligible due to the old conviction, amid the government appeal in the Supreme Court, which will hear the case on 30 June, thus postponing the vote in the constituency.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7476892.stm news.bbc.co.uk, Ruling parties win Pakistan polls]</ref> The two parties also won 19 of 23 provincial assembly seats where by-elections were held. The results will not affect the 18 February general election results in which [[Benazir Bhutto]]'s PPP won 123 seats in the 342-seat National Assembly and Sharif's party came second with 91, while Pervez Musharraf's party came a poor third with 54 seats. Sharif's Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) won 8 provincial assembly seats, while the PPP won 7 provincial seats.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSISL159890 reuters.com, Sharif's party does well in Pakistani by-elections]</ref><ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-06/27/content_8449844.htm xinhuanet, Pakistan ruling coalition sweeps by-elections]</ref> |
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===Impeachment movement and resignation=== |
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{{main|Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf}} |
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On 7 August 2008, the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] and the [[Pakistan Muslim League]] (N) agreed to force Musharraf to step down and begin his [[impeachment]]. [[Asif Ali Zardari]] and [[Nawaz Sharif]], announced sending a formal request or joint charge sheet that he steps down, and impeach him through parliamentary process upon refusal. Musharraf, however, said: “I will defeat those who try to push me to the wall. If they use their right to oust me, I have the right to defend myself."<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article4475729.ece timesonline.co.uk, President Musharraf of Pakistan to be impeached]</ref> Musharraf, accordingly delayed his departure for the Beijing Olympics, by a day.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSISL15267920080807 reuters.com, Pakistan rulers agree to begin Musharraf impeachment]</ref> A senior coalition official told [[Reuters]]: "Yes, we have agreed in principle to impeach him."<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/07/pakistan1 guardian.co.uk, Musharraf faces impeachment, Pakistan's ruling coalition agrees 'in principle' to begin proceedings to remove president]</ref> The draft of the ruling coalition’s joint statement had been finalized by the draft Committee, and Musharraf would have to obtain vote of confidence from the National Assembly and 4 provincial assemblies.<ref>[http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?204242 paktribune.com, Draft of ruling coalition’s joint statement finalized]</ref> The government summoned the national assembly, or lower house of parliament, to sit on 11 August.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jpuJxx-xhy2gReRH2_RwdR0APszw afp.google.com, Pakistan coalition agrees to impeach Musharraf: officials]</ref> Capt. Wasif Syed, spokesman for the Pakistan People's Party -- confirmed: "A decision has been made that he has to go now, and all the parties have agreed on this point."<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/08/07/pakistan.impeach/ edition.cnn.com, Pakistan: Musharraf could face impeachment]</ref>. It is speculated that Pervez Musharraf would have had to face corruption and even murder charges, if he had kept refusing graceful exit from the president house<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2008/08/11/top1.htm Musharraf may face corruption, murder charges]</ref>. |
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On 16 August, Pakistan's ruling coalition gave Musharraf a deadline of Tuesday, 19 August, to resign. Foreign Minister [[Shah Mehmood Qureshi]] said Musharaf had to resign to avoid being impeached "by today or tomorrow, as there is no room for any delay". Defense Minister [[Ahmed Mukhtar]] announced that "the charge sheet will be presented in parliament by Tuesday." No president has ever been impeached in Pakistan's 61-year history.<ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jUSl0i4SpSiNwSxmM5USkIVtpfOw afp.google.com, Pakistan coalition gives two-day Musharraf ultimatum]</ref> Presidential aides, however, said Musharraf refused to leave office under pressure.<ref>[http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jIE0IUn4WIiaMBpjG8SI_6H5RXzgD92JULE80 ap.google.com, Pakistan coalition readies Musharraf impeachment]</ref> |
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On Monday, 18 August 2008, in a speech defending his record, Musharraf announced that he had resigned.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7567451.stm "Pakistan's Musharraf will resign"].</ref> In the 18 August negotiations which had failed over legal technicalities, he had sought immunity from prosecution if he resigned before the impeachment proceedings began. On [[political asylum| asylum]], [[Condoleezza Rice]] on “[[Fox News Sunday]]” said that "Musharraf would not be going to the United States. This (asylum) is an issue that is not on the table.” Musharraf stated that he will stay in Pakistan in a house he is building in [[Islamabad]] in an exclusive [[enclave]] near a golf club.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/18/world/asia/18pstan.html nytimes.com, Defiant Musharraf Seeks Immunity From Charges]</ref> |
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When announcing his resignation, Musharraf, 65, said: "After viewing the situation and consulting legal advisers and political allies, with their advice I have decided to resign. I leave my future in the hands of people. Not a single charge in the impeachment can stand against me. No charge can be proved against me because I never did anything for myself, it was all for Pakistan. On the map of the world, Pakistan is now an important country, by the grace of Allah. Whether I win or lose the impeachment, the nation will lose. They don’t realize they can succeed against me but the country will undergo irreparable damage. My resignation will go to the speaker of the National Assembly today.” In an emotional one-hour speech, Musharraf raised his clenched fists to chest height, and said, “Long live Pakistan!” Nasir Ali Khan, a senior member of the Pakistan Muslim League-N, said Musharraf will stay in Pakistan, a request he had insisted on. Meanwhile, the Constitution provides, a [[Pakistani presidential election, 2008|new president must be chosen within 30 days]].<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/19/world/asia/19pstan.html?ref=asia nytimes.com, Pakistan's Musharraf announces resignation]</ref><ref>[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5gXa_BSk_PUwWLXBO1vjRFzyCF-eQ afp.google.com, Pakistan's Musharraf announces resignation]</ref> The resignation permits the four-month-old coalition government to choose a new president by a vote of the Parliament and provincial assemblies.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/08/18/asia/19pstan.php iht.com, Musharraf announces his resignation ]</ref> It is unknown where Musharraf would go immediately after resigning; [[Associated Press]], an American news agency, reported a speculation that he might go to Turkey or Saudi Arabia.<ref>Khan, Riaz. [http://www.newsweek.com/id/81352 "Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf resigns"]. ''Associated Press''. Newsweek. 18 August 2008. Retrieved 18 August 2008.</ref> |
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===Foreign policy=== |
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====Support for the War on Terrorism==== |
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[[Image:2006 Musharaff at the White House.jpeg|thumb|200px|right|President Musharraf with President Bush.]] |
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Following the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], Musharraf sided with the United States against the [[Taliban]] government in [[Afghanistan]] after an ultimatum by U.S. President [[George W. Bush]]. Musharraf agreed to give the United States the use of three airbases for [[Operation Enduring Freedom]]. [[U.S. Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Colin Powell]] and other administration officials met with Musharraf. On 19 September 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U.S. if it did not cooperate.<ref>[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/pakistanpresident.htm President General Pervez Musharraf: Address to People of Pakistan]</ref> In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U.S., and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in a loss for Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-09-25-pakistan-memoir_x.htm Musharraf's book says Pakistan faced U.S. 'onslaught' if it didn't back terror war] 9/26/2006 USA Today</ref> |
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====Relations with India==== |
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Musharraf was Chief of Army Staff at the time of [[Mujahideen]] incursions into India from [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir]] in the summer of 1999. Although Pakistan claimed that these were Kashmiri freedom fighters based in [[Indian Occupied Kashmir|Indian-controlled Kashmir]], later developments showed that they were Pakistani paramilitary soldiers backing up the separatists on the mountain top. After fierce fighting, Pakistani soldiers were pulled back due to pressure from the international community. |
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However, in ''Battle Ready'', a book co-authored by ex-[[CENTCOM]] Commander in Chief [[Anthony Zinni]] and novelist [[Tom Clancy]], the former alleges that Musharraf was the one who pushed Sharif to withdraw the Pakistani troops after being caught in a losing scenario.<ref>{{cite book | author=Tom Clancy, Gen. Tony Zinni (Retd) and Tony Koltz | title=Battle Ready | publisher=Grosset & Dunlap | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-399-15176-1}}</ref> According to an ex-official of the Musharraf government, Hassan Abbas, Musharraf planned the whole operation and sold the idea to Sharif.<ref>{{cite book | author=Hassan Abbas | title=Pakistan's Drift Into Extremism: Allah, the Army, and America's War on Terror | publisher=M.E. Sharpe | year=2004 | id=ISBN 0-7656-1497-9}}</ref> The view that Musharraf wanted to attempt the Kargil infiltrations much earlier was also revealed by Bhutto in an interview with a leading daily newspaper, where he had supposedly boasted that "he would hoist the [[flag of Pakistan]] atop the [[Srinagar]] Assembly" if his plan was executed.<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_2-7-2003_pg7_19 Musharraf advised against Kargil, says Benazir]</ref> [[Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)]] (PML(N)), a leading Pakistan party added that Musharraf had planned the Kargil intrusions but panicked when the conflict broke out with India and decided to alert Sharif.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2153729.cms Gen panicked, told Sharif about Kargil] 11 October 2006</ref> Since the Kargil incident occurred just after the [[Lahore Declaration|Lahore Peace Summit]] earlier that year, Musharraf is often regarded with scepticism in India.<ref>[http://in.rediff.com/news/2004/nov/22inter1.htm 'India should trust Musharraf' The Rediff Interview/MQM leader Altaf Hussein] 22 November 2004</ref><ref>[http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1705/17050440.htm The Hindu - Of Dictators and Democrats] Frontline Volume 17 - Issue 05, 4-17 March 2000]</ref> |
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In the middle of 2004, Musharraf began a series of talks with India to solve the [[Kashmir dispute]]. Both leaders also discussed the following issues: Wullar Barrage and Kishangaga power project, [[Baglihar Dam]] on the [[Chenab]] River being built by India in [[Jammu and Kashmir]], disputed [[Sir Creek]] estuary at the mouth of the [[Rann of Kutch]], [[Siachin glacier]], issues of [[Gurdaspur]] and [[Ferozepur]]'s status, [[Minority group|minority]] rights, Indian contentions that Pakistan is sponsoring "cross-border" terrorism. |
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In 2007, Musharraf stated, after a meeting with Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]], that the current push to normalize relations between the two states is "irreversible." |
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====Government financing of Al Qaeda==== |
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On 22 July 2004, ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that [[Omar Sheikh]], a [[Great Britain|British]]-born [[Islamism|Islamist]], had, on the instructions of General [[Mahmud Ahmed]], the then head of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), wired $100,000 before the 9/11 attacks to [[Mohammed Atta]], the lead hijacker. When Ahmed was exposed by the ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' as having sent the money to the hijackers, Musharraf forced him to retire.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/usa/story/0,12271,1266520,00.html The Pakistan connection - evidence of foreign intelligence backing for the 9/11 hijackers] - [[The Guardian]]22/06/2004, article by [[Michael Meacher]]</ref> The 9/11 commission did not investigate this funding due to lack of credibility. |
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In September 2007, in the aftermath of the Lal Masjid incident, Al Qaeda leader [[Osama bin Laden]] urged his followers to fight a [[holy war]] against Musharraf and the Pakistani army.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/09/20/bin.laden.message/index.html?iref=mpstoryview Al Qaeda calls for 'jihad' against Pakistan's Musharraf - CNN]</ref><ref>[http://euronews.net/index.php?page=info&article=443818&lng=1 Euronews.net, Pakistan election date set for October 6]</ref> |
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====Richard Armitage comments==== |
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During a 24 September 2006 interview with [[Steve Kroft]] on ''[[60 Minutes]]'', Musharraf said that then-[[U.S. Deputy Secretary of State]] [[Richard Armitage]] had called Musharraf's intelligence director shortly following the 9/11 attacks and threatened military action if Pakistan did not support the U.S.-led "war on terror". According to Musharraf, Armitage warned: "Be prepared to be bombed. Be prepared to go back to the [[Stone Age]]."<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5369198.stm US 'threatened to bomb' Pakistan] [[BBC]], 22 September 2006</ref> Furthermore, during an interview with [[Jon Stewart]] of ''[[The Daily Show]]'' on 26 September 2006, Musharraf stated that then-Secretary of State Colin Powell also contacted him with a similar message: "You are with us or against us." Musharraf refused to elaborate further, citing the then-upcoming release of his book, ''[[In the Line of Fire: A Memoir]]'' (ISBN 0-7432-8344-9). Armitage has, however, categorically denied that the U.S. used such harsh words to threaten Pakistan, whereas President Bush has refrained from publicly acknowledging the possibility of the exact wordings being used. |
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====Nuclear proliferation==== |
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One of the most widely-reported controversies during Musharraf's administration arose as a consequence of the disclosure of [[nuclear proliferation]] by Dr. [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]], the [[metallurgy|metallurgist]] known as the father of Pakistan's bomb. Musharraf has denied knowledge of or participation by Pakistan's government or army in this proliferation and has faced bitter domestic criticism for singularly vilifying Khan, a former national hero. Khan has been pardoned in exchange for cooperation in the investigation, but is still under [[house arrest]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4965566.stm Pakistan nuclear case 'is closed']</ref> |
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=====Relations with China===== |
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Musharraf accused Western leaders and media of politicizing the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] by criticizing China's human rights record and its policy in [[Tibet]]. He also said he would cooperate with China, which is a historical ally to Pakistan, in the fight against [[terrorism]].<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/04/13/oly.pakistan.china/index.html, Report: Musharraf blasts West over Olympics]</ref> |
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===Approval ratings=== |
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By August 2007 Musharraf had become increasingly unpopular in Pakistan with his ambitions for another term as president. An [[International Republican Institute]] survey showed that 64 percent of the population did not want another term to be granted to Musharraf as the president of Pakistan.<ref name=economist>[http://economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9622079 The Economist - A mess in Pakistan]</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' reported that the country was in a mess even by the nation's own standards.<ref name=economist/> Journalist [[Ayaz Amir]] stated that Musharraf was “the author of his own misfortune”. The article stated that unlike "other dictators", Musharraf has an easy exit that should be heeded to.<ref>[http://dawn.com/weekly/ayaz/ayaz.htm Dawn Pakistan - Fighting someone else's war?]</ref> |
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Musharraf admitted that his popularity was on a decline.<ref>[http://www.ibnlive.com/news/my-popularity-has-reduced-musharraf/46844-2.html IBN LIVE - My popularity has reduced: Musharraf]</ref> ''[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]]'', a leading newspaper, conducted a survey showed that about 54.5 percent of urban Pakistanis believe that military should have no role in politics while 65.2 percent want Musharraf to step down.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2007/08/14/top4.htm Dawn Pakistan - 54.5 per cent want military out of politics]</ref> ''[[The Economist]]'' also stated that the General was destabilizing Pakistan by imposing emergency. The paper also suggested that it was time that the general exit government and allow the democratic process to be completed. <ref>[http://economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id=10098964- Time's up, Mr Musharraf]</ref> |
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However, more recent surveys show that Musharraf's popularity has further decreased. A survey conducted by Terror Free Tomorrow shows that Osama Bin Laden is more popular in Pakistan than Musharraf. According to poll results, Bin Laden has a 46 percent approval rating.<ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/09/11/poll.pakistanis/ 'Poll: Bin Laden tops Musharraf in Pakistan] September 11, 2007</ref> |
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==Post-resignation activities== |
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After resignation, Musharraf is planning for an expected pilgrimage to Mecca. He may also continue his travelling on a lucrative speaking tour through Middle East, Europe and United States. Chicago-based Embark LLC is one of the international public-relations firms trying to land Musharraf as a highly paid keynote speaker. Public-relations executives say the articulate and brash 44-year army veteran's earning power could approach that of former U.S. President Bill Clinton, who famously snubbed him during a lightning visit to Islamabad in his 2000 Pak-tour.<ref name="NewsW">[http://www.newsweek.com/id/155068 Musharraf: In the Money? - Newsweek]</ref> According to Embark President David B. Wheeler, the speaking fee for Musharraf would be in the $150,000-200,000 range for a day plus jet and other V.I.P. arrangements on the ground. Embark President has also booked speeches for former U.S. President George H.W. Bush and former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell.<ref name="NewsW"/> |
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==Legacy== |
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[[Image:Musharraf addressing the nation07.jpg|thumb|200px|Address to the nation, 2007.]] |
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Musharraf characterizes himself as a moderate leader with [[political liberal|liberal]], [[progressive]] ideas, and has expressed admiration for [[Kemal Ataturk]], founder of the Turkish Republic.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/509666.stm Musharraf promises 'stronger democracy']</ref> |
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His government maintains that Pakistan is prospering due to his economic and social reforms. Statements issued by the government suggest significant improvement in the economy. External debt, on the other hand, has for the first time hit $40 billion mark.<ref>[http://thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=9799 External debt rises to $40 billion]</ref> |
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Following the media coverage of the [[2007 Karachi riots|riots in Karachi]] on 12 May 2007, Musharraf attempted to curb that freedom by decree. The measure backfired with a severe backlash, and was eventually withdrawn. In order to counter rapidly growing anger among the masses against his policies, state owned television [[Pakistan Television Corporation|PTV]] has decided to air weekly shows involving him to bolster his approval ratings. The recent closing of independent news and radio channels after imposing a state of emergency on the country by the President, expresses another example on the lack of freedom of the press. However, it was under his rule that media rights were relaxed and prosperity of digital media came about. His government also allowed a huge influx of television and radio channels to start up. |
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On 29 September 2007, state troops baton charged journalists who had gathered on Constitutional Avenue to report a story. 34 journalists were severely injured.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=10383 A reign of terror in Islamabad]</ref><ref> [http://www.bbc.co.uk/urdu/pakistan/story/2007/09/070929_scrutiny_arrests_si.shtml Presidential election, torture, demonstrations and arrests]</ref><ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/urdu/specials/1027_ec_demo_sq/ Images at bbc.co.uk ]</ref> |
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Musharraf has expressed admiration for the [[right-wing]] General [[Rahimuddin Khan]], the authoritarian [[martial law administrator]] of [[Balochistan (Pakistan)|Balochistan]] throughout the 1980s.{{Fact|date=August 2008}} He was severely criticized by human rights organizations following his comments in response to the rape of [[Mukhtar Mai]]. On 23 September 2005, during a tape-recorded interview, Musharraf had suggested that rape was becoming a "moneymaking concern" in Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.geo.tv/geonews/program.asp?pid=134 50 Minute interview]</ref><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/audio/2005/09/23/AU2005092301278.html audio excerpt: Interview with Pakistan president Musharraf] 23 September 2005</ref> After Musharraf left office of the President, US [[Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] offered "deep gratitude" for his original decision to join the U.S.-led fight against extremists. She called Musharraf "one of the world's most committed partners in the war against terrorism."<ref>KLUG, FOSTER [http://news.yahoo.com/story/ap/us_pakistan_relations;_ylt=Ak7JO715vVjTckUcNU2xSFn9xg8F US prepares for post-Musharraf Pakistan]. Associated Press. 19 August 2008</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of national leaders]] |
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* [[Politics of Pakistan]] |
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* [[Line of succession to President of Pakistan]] |
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* [[Nawaz Sharif]] |
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* [[Enlightened Moderation]] |
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* [[Mirza Tahir Hussain]] |
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* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/country_profiles/1156716.stm bbc.co.uk, Timeline: Pakistan A chronology of key events:] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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==Books== |
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* Pervez Musharraf, ''[[In the Line of Fire: A Memoir]]'' (2006) |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.azgfd.gov/h_f/FishingLocationsMap.shtml Arizona Fishing Locations Map] |
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{{portal|Pakistan|Flag of Pakistan.svg}} |
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*[http://www.azgfd.gov/h_f/where_fish.shtml Where to Fish in Arizona Species Information] |
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{{sisterlinks|Pervez Musharraf}} |
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*[http://www.azgfd.gov/outdoor_recreation/BoatingLocationsMap.shtml Arizona Boating Locations Facilities Map] |
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;Official |
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*[http://www.azgfd.gov/h_f/edits/lake_levels.shtml Arizona Lake Levels] |
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* [http://www.generalpervaizmusharraf.com/PresidentialSpeeches.aspx Official Repository of Presidential Speeches (mirror)] |
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==References== |
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;Articles by Musharraf |
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{{reflist}} |
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* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A5081-2004May31.html "A Plea for Enlightened Moderation", by Pervez Musharraf], ''[[Washington Post]]'' opinion piece |
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*{{Citation |first=Information and Education Division|title=Arizona Fishin' Holes|place=Phoenix, AZ|publisher=[[Arizona Game and Fish Department]]|year=2007}} |
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;Interviews |
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* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3443077881361947856&q=musharraf An hour with Pervez Musharraf], ''[[Charlie Rose (talk show)|Charlie Rose]]'' (video) |
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* [http://www.usip.org/events/2003/0625_CIBpakistan.html Address by Pervez Musharraf] to [[U.S. Institute of Peace]] (text, audio & video available) June 2003 |
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;Commentaries |
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* [http://paki.in/wtf/2008/08/19/musharraf-has-left-the-building-whats-next-now/ Musharraf has left the building, what’s next now?], (opinion piece from Paki.in/WTF) |
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{{Persondata |
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|NAME = Musharraf, Pervez |
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = پرويز مشرف (Urdu) |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[President of Pakistan]] |
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|DATE OF BIRTH = 11 August 1943 |
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|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Daryaganj]], [[Delhi]], India |
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|DATE OF DEATH = living |
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Revision as of 23:29, 9 October 2008
| Riggs Flat Lake | |
|---|---|
| Location | Graham County, Arizona |
| Coordinates | 32°42′10″N 109°59′2″W / 32.70278°N 109.98389°W |
| Type | Reservoir |
| Basin countries | United States |
| Surface area | 11 acres (4.5 ha) |
| Average depth | 45 ft (14 m) |
| Surface elevation | 9,000 ft (2,700 m) |
Riggs Flat Lake is located on the top of the Pinaleño Mountains, 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Safford. To get there use US highway 191 and turn southwest onto AZ Highway 366. The lake and campgrounds will be at the end of AZ 366.
Boating Facility Features
- Gravel Access
- Single Electric Motor Only
- Launching Area (1 Lane, Concrete)
- Parking Area
- Tables
- Drinking Water
- Handicap Accessible
- Restrooms
- Trailer Spaces
- Camping Allowed
Fish Species
External links
- Arizona Fishing Locations Map
- Where to Fish in Arizona Species Information
- Arizona Boating Locations Facilities Map
- Arizona Lake Levels
References
- Arizona Fishin' Holes, Phoenix, AZ: Arizona Game and Fish Department, 2007
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