Scophony

Scophony was a sophisticated mechanical television system developed in Britain by Scophony Limited. A black and white image was produced by modulating a bright light using a piezoelectric crystal vibrating a liquid lens and the scanning motion was created using mirrors mounted on high-speed rotating drums to project an image upon a screen.

The company Scophony Limited was established by entrepreneur Solomon Sagall in the early 1930s to exploit the patents of inventor George William Walton and William Stephenson. In 1932, Ferranti invested £3,500 in the company, however in 1934 Ferranti turned down the option to invest a further £10,000 to re-structure Scophony Limited, and in 1935 EKCO replaced Ferranti as the company's main investor.

In 1938, the Scophony company demonstrated three types of 405 line mechanical television receivers at the Radiolympia exhibition in London: a home receiver, with a picture area of approximately 24" x 22" and two systems intended for theater operation, one producing a 6 ft x 5 ft image and the other a 9 ft x 12 ft image.

Several of the theater systems were installed and operated successfully but none of the receivers were sold as production was halted due to the impending war.

Scophony's system used several innovative devices:

• A split focus optical system invented by Walton, developed specially for use with mirror scanning systems. Light beams were focused by crossed cylindrical lenses, concentrating the light in two planes. This allowed the use of smaller lenses and mirrors, thus reducing size and cost. This was particularly important to Scophony since they intended to produce extremely large images.
• A light modulator developed by J.H. Jeffree in 1934 and known as the Jeffree cell, a cell filled with a transparent fluid which used mechanical oscillations to modulate the light beam passing through it. It was a substantial improvement over the previous Kerr cell, 200 times as much modulated light being available at the screen.
• High speed synchronous motors which could be relied on for 1000 hours of use, some lasting longer without noticeable wear. The Scophony system used two: a low speed scanner which operated at 240 RPM and a high speed scanner which ran at 30,375 RPM for 405 line transmissions or 39,690 RPM for the American 441 line system.

Scophony Limited operated in Britain up to WWII and then in the USA. "Of all the electro-mechanical television techniques invented and developed by the mid-1930s, the technology known as Scophony had no rival in terms of technical performance." In 1948 Scophony acquired John Logie Baird Ltd.

See also

• Ulises Armand Sanabria
• Joshua Sieger

References

• Waltz Jr., George (July 1948). "Theater Vision". Popular Science. pp. 109–113.
• Yanczer, Peter. "The Scophony System". Television Experimenters. Archived from the original (Web page) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 2009-04-02.

External links

• Scophony system at TV History website
• Scophony system at Early Television website
• Scophony scanner at Science and Media Museum
• Solomon Sagall obituary: NY Times