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{{Prose|date=May 2007}}


The '''wildlife of Egypt''' includes Egypt's [[flora]] and [[fauna]] and their natural [[habitats]].
Egypt has 100 species of [[mammals]].


==Fauna==
== October 2008 ==
[[Image:Information.svg|25px]] Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia{{#if:Toronto|. Regarding your edit(s) to [[:Toronto]]|. In the future}}, it is recommended that you use the [[Help:Show preview|preview]] button before you save; this helps you find any errors you have made, and prevents clogging up [[Special:Recentchanges|recent changes]] and the [[Wikipedia:page history|page history]]. {{#if:|{{{2}}}|Thank you.}} <!-- Template:uw-preview --> <big><font face="Old English Text MT"> [[User:Johnny Au|<span style="color:#ffd700;background:#000080">Johnny Au</span>]]</font></big> <sub>([[User talk:Johnny Au|talk]]/[[Special:Contributions/Johnny Au|contributions]])</sub> 02:24, 11 October 2008 (UTC)
===Mammals===
:''If this is a shared [[IP address]], and you didn't make the edit, consider [[Wikipedia:Why create an account?|creating an account]] for yourself so you can avoid further irrelevant notices.''
{{main|List of mammals in Egypt}}
==Subclass: [[Theria]]==
===Infraclass: [[Eutheria]]===
====Order: [[Hyracoidea]] (hyraxes)====
----
[[Image:Dassie3.jpg|thumb|left|[[Cape Hyrax]]]]
The hyraxes are any of four species of fairly small, thickset, herbivorous mammals in the order Hyracoidea. About the size of a domestic cat they are well-furred, with rounded bodies and a stumpy tail. They are native to Africa and the Middle East.

*Family: [[Procaviidae]] (hylaxes)
***Genus: [[Heterohyrax]]
**** [[Yellow-spotted Rock Hyrax]] ''Heterohyrax brucei'' LC
***Genus: [[Procavia]]
**** [[Cape Hyrax]] ''Procavia capensis'' LC
====Order: [[Sirenia]] (manatees and dugongs)====
----
[[Image:Dugong.jpg|thumb|left|[[Dugong]]]]
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

*Family: [[Dugongidae]]
***Genus: [[Dugong]]
**** [[Dugong]] ''Dugong dugon'' VU

====Order: [[Primates]]====
----
[[Image:Hamadryas Baboon.jpg|thumb|left|[[Hamadryas Baboon]]]]
The order Primates contains all the species commonly related to the [[lemur]]s, [[monkey]]s, and [[ape]]s, with the latter category including [[humans]]. It is divided informally into three main groupings: [[prosimian]]s, monkeys of the [[New World monkey|New World]], and monkeys and apes of the [[Catarrhini|Old World]].

*Suborder: [[Haplorrhini]]
**Infraorder: [[Simiiformes]]
***Parvorder: [[Catarrhini]]
****Superfamily: [[Cercopithecoidea]]
*****Family: [[Cercopithecidae]] (Old World monkeys)
*******Genus: [[Papio]]
******** [[Hamadryas Baboon]] ''Papio hamadryas'' LR/nt
====Order: [[Rodent]]ia (rodents)====
----
[[Image:Psammomys obesus 01.jpg|thumb|[[Sand Rat]]]]
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two [[incisor]]s in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the [[capybara]] can weigh up to 45&nbsp;kg (100&nbsp;lb).

*Suborder: [[Hystricognathi]]
**Family: [[Hystricidae]] (Old World porcupines)
****Genus: [[Hystrix]]
***** [[Crested Porcupine]] ''Hystrix cristata'' LC
*Suborder: [[Sciurognathi]]
**Family: [[Gliridae]] (dormice)
***Subfamily: [[Leithiinae]]
****Genus: [[Eliomys]]
***** [[Asian Garden Dormouse]] ''Eliomys melanurus'' LC
**Family: [[Dipodidae]] (jerboas)
***Subfamily: [[Allactaginae]]
****Genus: [[Allactaga]]
***** [[Four-toed jerboa]] ''Allactaga tetradactyla'' DD
***Subfamily: [[Dipodinae]]
****Genus: [[Jaculus (rodent)|Jaculus]]
***** [[Lesser Egyptian Jerboa]] ''Jaculus jaculus'' LC
***** [[Greater Egyptian Jerboa]] ''Jaculus orientalis'' LC
**Family: [[Spalacidae]]
***Subfamily: [[Spalacinae]]
****Genus: [[Nannospalax]]
***** [[Palestine Mole Rat]] ''Nannospalax ehrenbergi'' LC
**Family: [[Muridae]] (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
***Subfamily: [[Deomyinae]]
****Genus: [[Acomys]]
***** [[Cairo Spiny Mouse]] ''Acomys cahirinus'' LC
***** [[Golden Spiny Mouse]] ''Acomys russatus'' LR/lc
***Subfamily: [[Gerbillinae]]
****Genus: [[Dipodillus]]
***** [[North African Gerbil]] ''Dipodillus campestris'' LC
****Genus: [[Gerbillus]]
***** [[Pleasant Gerbil]] ''Gerbillus amoenus'' DD
***** [[Anderson's Gerbil]] ''Gerbillus andersoni'' LR/lc
***** [[Flower's Gerbil]] ''Gerbillus floweri'' LC
***** ''[[Gerbillus gerbillus]]'' LC
***** [[Pygmy Gerbil]] ''Gerbillus henleyi'' LC
***** [[Mackillingin's Gerbil]] ''Gerbillus mackillingini'' LC
***** ''[[Gerbillus nanus]]'' LC
***** [[Pale Gerbil]] ''Gerbillus perpallidus'' LC
***** [[Greater Egyptian Gerbil]] ''Gerbillus pyramidum'' LC
***** ''[[Gerbillus simoni]]'' LC
****Genus: [[Meriones (genus)|Meriones]]
***** [[Sundevall's Jird]] ''Meriones crassus'' LC
***** [[Libyan Jird]] ''Meriones libycus'' LC
***** [[Shaw's Jird]] ''Meriones shawi'' LC
****Genus: [[Pachyuromys]]
***** [[Fat-tailed Gerbil]] ''Pachyuromys duprasi'' LC
****Genus: [[Psammomys]]
***** [[Sand Rat]] ''Psammomys obesus'' LC
****Genus: [[Sekeetamys]]
***** [[Bushy-tailed Jird]] ''Sekeetamys calurus'' LC
***Subfamily: [[Murinae]]
****Genus: [[Arvicanthis]]
***** [[African Grass Rat]] ''Arvicanthis niloticus'' LC
****Genus: [[Nesokia]]
***** [[Short-tailed Bandicoot Rat]] ''Nesokia indica'' LC

====Order: [[Lagomorpha]] (lagomorphs)====
----
The lagomorphs comprise two families, [[Leporidae]] ([[hare]]s and [[rabbit]]s), and Ochotonidae ([[pika]]s). Though they can resemble [[rodent]]s, and were classified as a [[superfamily]] in that order until the early [[twentieth century]], they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

*Family: [[Leporidae]] (rabbits, hares)
**Genus: [[Hare|Lepus]]
*** [[Cape Hare]] ''Lepus capensis'' LR/lc
====Order: [[Erinaceomorpha]] (hedgehogs and gymnures)====
----
[[Image:Long Eared hedgehog.jpg|thumb|[[Long-eared Hedgehog]]]]
The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the [[hedgehog]]s and [[gymnure]]s. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

*Family: [[Erinaceidae]] (hedgehogs)
**Subfamily: [[Erinaceinae]]
***Genus: [[Hemiechinus]]
**** [[Desert Hedgehog]] ''Hemiechinus aethiopicus'' LR/lc
**** [[Long-eared Hedgehog]] ''Hemiechinus auritus'' LR/lc
====Order: [[Soricomorpha]] (shrews, moles, and soledons)====
----
The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and soledons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.

*Family: [[Soricidae]] (shrews)
**Subfamily: [[Crocidurinae]]
***Genus: [[Crocidura]]
**** [[Fischer's Shrew]] ''Crocidura fischeri'' DD
**** [[Flower's Shrew]] ''Crocidura floweri'' DD
**** [[Olivier's Shrew]] ''Crocidura olivieri'' LC
**** [[Egyptian Pygmy Shrew]] ''Crocidura religiosa'' DD
***Genus: [[Suncus]]
**** [[Etruscan Shrew]] ''Suncus etruscus'' LC
====Order: [[Chiroptera]] (bats)====
----
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

*Family: [[Pteropodidae]] (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
**Subfamily: [[Pteropodinae]]
***Genus: [[Rousettus]]
**** [[Egyptian fruit bat]] ''Rousettus aegyptiacus'' LC
*Family: [[Vespertilionidae]]
**Subfamily: [[Vespertilioninae]]
***Genus: [[Barbastella]]
**** [[Eastern Barbastelle]] ''Barbastella leucomelas'' LR/lc
***Genus: [[Eptesicus]]
**** [[Botta's Serotine]] ''Eptesicus bottae'' LC
***Genus: [[Hypsugo]]
**** [[Desert Pipistrelle]] ''Hypsugo ariel'' DD
**** [[Bodenheimer's Pipistrelle]] ''Hypsugo bodenheimeri'' LR/nt
***Genus: [[Nycticeinops]]
**** [[Schlieffen's Twilight Bat]] ''Nycticeinops schlieffeni'' LC
***Genus: [[Otonycteris]]
**** [[Desert Long-eared Bat]] ''Otonycteris hemprichii'' LR/lc
***Genus: [[Pipistrellus]]
**** [[Egyptian Pipistrelle]] ''Pipistrellus deserti'' LC
**** [[Kuhl's Pipistrelle]] ''Pipistrellus kuhlii'' LC
**** [[RÜppel's Pipistrelle]] ''Pipistrellus rueppelli'' LC
***Genus: [[Plecotus]]
**** [[nopage]] ''Plecotus christiei'' DD
*Family: [[Rhinopomatidae]]
**Genus: [[Rhinopoma]]
*** [[Lesser Mouse-tailed Bat]] ''Rhinopoma hardwickei'' LC
*** [[Greater Mouse-tailed Bat]] ''Rhinopoma microphyllum'' LC
*Family: [[Molossidae]]
**Genus: [[Tadarida]]
*** [[Egyptian Free-tailed Bat]] ''Tadarida aegyptiaca'' LC
*** [[European Free-tailed Bat]] ''Tadarida teniotis'' LR/lc
*Family: [[Emballonuridae]]
**Genus: [[Taphozous]]
*** [[Naked-rumped Tomb Bat]] ''Taphozous nudiventris'' LC
*** [[Egyptian Tomb Bat]] ''Taphozous perforatus'' LC
*Family: [[Nycteridae]]
**Genus: [[Nycteris]]
*** [[Egyptian Slit-Faced Bat]] ''Nycteris thebaica'' LC
*Family: [[Rhinolophidae]]
**Subfamily: [[Rhinolophinae]]
***Genus: [[Rhinolophus]]
**** [[Geoffroy's Horseshoe Bat]] ''Rhinolophus clivosus'' LC
**** [[Lesser horseshoe bat]] ''Rhinolophus hipposideros'' LC
**Subfamily: [[Hipposiderinae]]
***Genus: [[Asellia]]
**** [[Trident Leaf-nosed Bat]] ''Asellia tridens'' LC
***Genus: [[Triaenops]]
**** [[Persian Trident Bat]] ''Triaenops persicus'' LC
====Order: [[Cetacea]] (whales)====
----
[[Image:SpinnerDolphinsoffKauai 1999-03-15.jpg|thumb|[[Spinner Dolphin]]]]
The order Cetacea includes [[whale]]s, [[dolphin]]s and [[porpoise]]s. They are the mammals most fully [[aquatic adaptation|adapted to aquatic]] life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

*Suborder: [[Odontoceti]]
**Superfamily: [[Platanistoidea]]
***Family: [[Delphinidae]] (marine dolphins)
****Genus: [[Steno (genus)|Steno]]
***** [[Rough-toothed Dolphin]] ''Steno bredanensis'' DD
****Genus: [[Sousa (genus)|Sousa]]
***** ''[[Sousa chinensis]]'' DD
****Genus: [[Stenella]]
***** [[Spinner Dolphin]] ''Stenella longirostris'' LR/cd
****Genus: [[Delphinus]]
***** [[Common dolphin]] ''Delphinus delphis'' LR/lc
====Order: [[Carnivora]] (carnivores)====
----
[[Image:Felis Chaus.jpg|thumb|[[Jungle Cat]]]]
[[Image:Leopard africa.jpg|thumb|[[Leopard]]]]
[[Image:Vulpes vulpes sitting.jpg|thumb|[[Red Fox]]]]
The carnivores include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. Carnivores have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

*Suborder: [[Feliformia]]
**Family: [[Felidae]] (cats)
***Subfamily: [[Felinae]]
****Genus: [[Acinonyx]]
***** [[Cheetah]] ''Acinonyx jubatus'' VU
****Genus: [[Caracal]]
***** [[Caracal]] ''Caracal caracal'' LC
****Genus: [[Felis]]
***** [[Jungle Cat]] ''Felis chaus'' LC
***** [[Sand Cat]] ''Felis margarita'' NT
***** [[Wildcat]] ''Felis silvestris'' LC
***Subfamily: [[Pantherinae]]
****Genus: [[Panthera]]
***** [[Lion]] ''Panthera leo'' VU
***** [[Leopard]] ''Panthera pardus'' LC
**Family: [[Viverridae]] (civets, mongooses, etc.)
***Subfamily: [[Viverrinae]]
****Genus: [[Genetta]]
***** [[Abyssinian Genet]] ''Genetta abyssinica'' DD
***** [[Common Genet]] ''Genetta genetta'' LR/lc
**Family: [[Herpestidae]] (mongooses)
***Genus: [[Herpestes]]
**** [[Egyptian Mongoose]] ''Herpestes ichneumon'' LR/lc
**Family: [[Hyaenidae]] (hyaenas)
***Genus: [[Hyaena]]
**** [[Striped Hyena]] ''Hyaena hyaena'' LR/nt
***Genus: [[Proteles]]
**** [[Aardwolf]] ''Proteles cristatus'' LR/lc
*Suborder: [[Caniformia]]
**Family: [[Canidae]] (dogs, foxes)
***Genus: [[Vulpes]]
**** [[Blanford's fox]] ''Vulpes cana'' VU
**** [[Rueppell's Fox]] ''Vulpes rueppelli'' DD
**** [[Red Fox]] ''Vulpes vulpes'' LC
**** [[Fennec]] ''Vulpes zerda'' DD
***Genus: [[Canis]]
**** [[Golden Jackal]] ''Canis aureus'' LC
**Family: [[Mustelidae]] (mustelids)
***Genus: [[Mustela]]
**** [[Least Weasel]] ''Mustela nivalis'' LR/lc
***Genus: [[Ictonyx]]
**** [[Saharan Striped Polecat]] ''Ictonyx libyca'' LR/lc
**** [[Striped Polecat]] ''Ictonyx striatus'' LR/lc
***Genus: [[Mellivora]]
**** [[Ratel]] ''Mellivora capensis'' LR/lc
***Genus: [[Lutra]]
**** [[Speckle-throated Otter]] ''Lutra maculicollis'' LC
**Family: [[Phocidae]] (earless seals)
***Genus: [[Monachus]]
**** [[Mediterranean Monk Seal]] ''Monachus monachus'' CR
====Order: [[Perissodactyla]] (odd-toed ungulates)====
----

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and [[grazing]] mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.stuff

*Family: [[Equidae]] (horses etc.)
**Genus: [[Equus (genus)|Equus]]
*** [[African Wild Ass]] ''Equus africanus'' CR

====Order: [[Artiodactyla]] (even-toed ungulates)====
----
[[Image:Hippo pod edit.jpg|thumb|[[Hippopotamus]]]]
[[Image:Gazella-dorcas.jpg|thumb|[[Dorcas Gazelle]]]]
[[Image:Stavenn Capra nubiana 00.jpg|thumb|[[Nubian Ibex]]]]
The even-toed ungulates are [[ungulate]]s whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in [[perissodactyls]]. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great [[economic]] importance to [[human]]s.

*Family: [[Suidae]] (pigs)
**Subfamily: [[Suinae]]
***Genus: [[Sus]]
**** [[Boar]] ''Sus scrofa'' LR/lc
*Family: [[Hippopotamidae]] (hippopotamuses)
**Genus: [[Hippopotamus]]
*** [[Hippopotamus]] ''Hippopotamus amphibius'' VU
*Family: [[Bovidae]] (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
**Subfamily: [[Alcelaphinae]]
***Genus: [[Alcelaphus]]
**** [[Hartebeest]] ''Alcelaphus buselaphus'' LR/cd
**Subfamily: [[Antilopinae]]
***Genus: [[Gazella]]
**** [[Dorcas Gazelle]] ''Gazella dorcas'' VU
**** [[Mountain Gazelle]] ''Gazella gazella'' VU
**** [[Rhim Gazelle]] ''Gazella leptoceros'' EN
**Subfamily: [[Caprinae]]
***Genus: [[Ammotragus]]
**** [[Barbary Sheep]] ''Ammotragus lervia'' VU
***Genus: [[Capra (genus)|Capra]]
**** [[Nubian Ibex]] ''Capra nubiana'' EN
**Subfamily: [[Hippotraginae]]
***Genus: [[Addax]]
**** [[Addax]] ''Addax nasomaculatus'' CR
***Genus: [[Oryx]]
**** [[Scimitar Oryx]] ''Oryx dammah'' EW
**** [[Arabian Oryx]] ''Oryx leucoryx'' EN

===Birds===
{{main|List of birds of Egypt}}
== Ostriches ==
*'''Order''': [[Struthioniformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Struthionidae]]

[[Image:Ostrich - melbourne zoo.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The binominal name for the Ostrich, ''Struthio camelus'', means [[camel]] [[sparrow]] in [[Greece|Greek]], alluring to the animal's long [[neck]]]]
[[Ostrich]]es are flightless birds that are native to certain parts of Africa, and are well suited to their existence in the [[desert]]s and hot climates they are naturally found in. They can reach a maximum height of approximately 2.5-2.6 [[metre]]s, and a weight of about 140 [[kilogram]]s. They are now the only surviving specie found in their [[genus]] and family, but, fortunately, they have been classed as [[Least Concern]]. They are also the largest of the 8,600 living bird species.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nature.ca/notebooks/English/ostrich.htm|title=Ostrich (Struthio camelus)|accessmonthday=23 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Ostrich]] (''Struthio camelus'')

== Loons ==
*'''Order''': [[Gaviiformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Gaviidae]]

[[Loon]]s are an aquatic group of birds mainly found in [[Europe]] and [[North America]]. They are usually approximately the size of an average [[duck]], and, when swimming or paddling in the water, they look much like the common duck, but they are known to not be related to ducks and other [[waterfowl]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://birding.about.com/od/birdsloons/a/loons.htm|title=Loons|accessmonthday=23 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>
Only one specie of loon, the Red-throated Loon, is found in Egypt, and only two more are found throughout Africa.

*[[Red-throated Loon]] (''Gavia stellata'')

== Grebes ==
[[Image:Podiceps-grisegena-008.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A Red necked Grebes flapping its wings, which are, on avergae, 60 [[centimetre]]s (24 [[inch]]) in length]]
*'''Order''': [[Podicipediformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Podicipedidae]]

[[Grebe]]s are a species of bird that are well adapted for the [[sea]] and for diving. They are found in many parts of the world, mostly on calm and safe waters. They resemble ducks and loons is their physical appearance, but they swim lower in water than ducks do. They have an ability to submerge themselves under water, a technique they use to escape an approaching danger or [[predator]]. Despite their prowess when swimming and on water, they are much less agile and waddle quite awkwardly on land, and they are fairly poor flyers as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-grebe.html|title=Grebes|accessmonthday=23 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Little Grebe]] (''Tachybaptus ruficollis'')
*[[Red-necked Grebe]] (''Podiceps grisegena'')
*[[Great Crested Grebe]] (''Podiceps cristatus'')
*[[Eared Grebe]] (''Podiceps nigricollis'')

== Albatrosses ==
*'''Order''': Procellariiformes
*'''Family''': Diomedeidae

[[Albatross]]es are the largest seabirds in the world, and they have one of the longest wingspans of any bird as well, but, while their wings are long, they have short tails and legs. They have long, hooked beaks and long necks. Most of the bird's body is white, except for the beak, which can be a number of colours. There wings can also serve to enable the albatross to glide on updrafts when flying above the ocean.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/wildlife/birds/albatross.shtml|title=Albatrosses|accessmonthday=23 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref> Only one species of the bird exist in Egypt, and it is rare that the animal are seen in Egypt or even come there.

*[[Shy Albatross]] (''Thalassarche cauta'') - '''(R)'''

== Shearwaters ==
[[Image:Wedge tailed shearwater2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The Wedge tailed Shearwater is seen here]]
*'''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Procellariidae]]

[[Shearwater]]s are a form of seabirds. They have long wings, but are medium-sized. They take their food primarily from the [[ocean]] or from any water-based source available. They have been known to spend large periods of time flying above the sea, in absolute isolation from any land or usually any places to rest. Shearwaters can be found in many places of the world, and over many oceans. They are very closely related to [[petrel]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/petrels.html|title=Shearwaters (Petrel information included)|accessmonthday=23 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Cory's Shearwater]] (''Calonectris diomedea'')
*[[Wedge-tailed Shearwater]] (''Puffinus pacificus'') - '''(R)'''
*[[Sooty Shearwater]] (''Puffinus griseus'') - '''(N)'''
*[[Manx Shearwater]] (''Puffinus puffinus'')
*[[Balearic Shearwater]] (''Puffinus mauretanicus'') - '''(CE)'''
*[[Levantine Shearwater]] (''Puffinus yelkouan'')

== Storm Petrels ==
*'''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Hydrobatidae]]

[[Storm Petrel]]s are a variety of small sea bird (the smallest form of [[Procellariiformes]]) that can be found throughout the whole world. Many (about half) of the species [[Bird migration|migrate]] frequently, spending [[Summer]]s in the cold of the far-south or far-North, and flying to the subtropics for the [[Winter]] months. These birds can be hard to identify because of their size, and their rapid movements.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.rit.edu/~rhrsbi/GalapagosPages/Petrel.html|title=Storm Petrels|accessmonthday=24 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Wilson's Storm-Petrel]] (''Oceanites oceanicus'')
*[[European Storm-Petrel]] (''Hydrobates pelagicus'')
*[[Leach's Storm-Petrel]] (''Oceanodroma leucorhoa'')
*[[Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel]] (''Oceanodroma monorhis'')

[[Image:0017trpoicbird.JPG|right|thumb|250px|the Red-billed Tropicbird can be seen here among some foliage.]]

== Tropicbirds ==
*'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Phaethontidae]]
[[Tropicbird]]s are tropical seabirds. Mature tropicbirds spend much of their time out to sea, but arrive on remote islands occasionally to [[nest]]. The younger tropicbirds spend all or almost all of their time out to sea. When the adult tropicbirds do nest on these islands however, they do so in small but scattered colonies on the designated island. There are only three known species of tropicbird. The [[White-tailed Tropicbird]] has the largest range of distribution of the three - there is even a colony of the birds on [[Christmas Island]] (situated in the [[Indian Ocean]]), who have an apricot-tinged [[plumage]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/tropicbirds.html|title=Tropicbirds|accessmonthday=24|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Red-billed Tropicbird]] (''Phaethon aethereus'')

== Pelicans ==
*'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Pelecanidae]]

[[Image:Pelecanus onocrotalus germany.jpg|right|thumb|300px|A Great White Pelican emerging from a body of water]]
[[Pelican]]s are seabirds with very large and long [[Beak|bill]]s that are essential in the way they devour food. They eat by filling their large beaks with water, which they then drain away to leave the [[fish]], [[squid]] and any other sealife that might have been caught for the pelican to swallow whole. There are eight species of pelicans, and one of them, the [[Australian Pelican]], is said to have the longest bill of any other bird in the world.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/pelicans.html|title=Pelicans|accessmonthday=24 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Great White Pelican]] (''Pelecanus onocrotalus'')
*[[Pink-backed Pelican]] (''Pelecanus rufescens'')
*[[Dalmatian Pelican]] (''Pelecanus crispus'') '''(V)'''

== Gannets ==
*'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Sulidae]]

[[Gannet]]s are relatively large seabirds that feed mostly on [[herring]] and [[mackerel]], as well as other sealife that live or exist close to the surface of the water. The bird takes its prey from a diving height that can sometimes reach almost 45 [[meter]]s. For safety when taking food this way, the gannet's [[skull]] is very strong so as to protect the gannet from potential harm when diving into the water at high speeds. Air [[sac]]s that gannets also have help minimalise the shock from these plummets as well.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://birding.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&sdn=birding&cdn=hobbies&tm=17&gps=42_172_1276_898&f=11&su=p445.92.150.ip_&tt=14&bt=1&bts=1&zu=http%3A//www.nature.ca/notebooks/english/gannet.htm|title=Gannets|accessmonthday=24 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Northern Gannet]] (''Morus bassanus'')

== Boobies ==
[[Image:Brown booby.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A Brown Booby seen on a beach in [[Hawaii]].]]
*'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Sulidae]]
Boobies are of the same family as gannets, and the two species are closely related. The two sexes of this bird can be easily defined by the calls or voices that each gender make - male boobies make a whistling sound while the females croak. Most boobies have a browny plumage, but about 5% are white. Boobies, also like gannets, plunge dive to feed, sometimes diving from 30-50 feet in the sky and down into the water to catch their prey. One of the species of booby, the Blue-footed boobies, dive from this distance into very shallow water, so masterful reflexes and impeccable agility is required.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.rit.edu/~rhrsbi/GalapagosPages/Boobies.html|title=Boobies|accessmonthday=24 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Brown Booby]] (''Sula leucogaster'')

== Cormorants ==
*'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Phalacrocoracidae]]
[[Image:Phalacrocorax aristotelis.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A European Shag, seen with its young on a cliff or land above the sea.]]
[[Cormorant]]s are a large family of fish-eating birds that live all over the world, alongside [[freshwater]] and saltwater shores. They spend much time in the water, but also a great deal of time drying their wings and draining them of water because they are not gifted with the waterproofing [[oil]] that most other seabirds possess. They are also quite ungainly when on land, and can even be quite clumsy. This can lead to their quick demise, when larger animals kill them for food. To try to minimalise this, the cormorants congregate in colonies that exist in safe places such as on a steep, sharp cliff or small islands offshore, where [[mammal]]s and other animals cannot harm them or even get to them. They sometimes also build nests to deal with this problem.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/cormorants.html|title=Cormorants|accessmonthday=24 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref> [[Shag (bird)|Shag]]s are very similar to these birds, and that is why the one Egyptian shag has been included in this list of Egyptian Cormorants.

*[[Great Cormorant]] (''Phalacrocorax carbo'')
*[[Long-tailed Cormorant]] (''Phalacrocorax africanus'') '''(R)'''
*[[European Shag]] (''Phalacrocorax aristotelis'')

== Darters ==
[[Image:Darterm.jpg|right|thumb|250px|An Oriental Darter perched on a branch.]]
*'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Anhingidae]]

[[Darter]]s are a variety of waterbird, and are similar in some ways to cormorants. While Darters swim, their body is submerged beneath the water. The main food that darters devours is fish, among others, which the darter chases below the surface of the water with great gusto and speed. Because of its appearance, the darter is also known by the colloquial name '[[snake]] bird'.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://hsb.iitm.ac.in/~prakriti/darter.html|title=Darters|accessmonthday=24 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Oriental Darter]] (''Anhinga melanogaster'')

== Herons, Egrets and Bitterns ==
*'''Order''': [[Ciconiiformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Ardeidae]]

[[Heron]]s are part of a large family of wading birds, as are [[bittern]]s and [[egret]]s (in whom are very similar to herons, and are sometimes called the same bird as herons), that can be found in temperate and warm climated places all around the world. They nest in large communities called heronries, and the nests vary from simple twig constructed nests to others made out of weeds and rushes.
They have a soft plumage, particularly in the breeding season, and some species have white plumage on the heads. They act as patient feeders, stalking their prey until they find an opportune moment to strike. They do this with their sharp and serrated bill, which will very suddenly impale prey, which usually consists of small fish and other small forms of sealife.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.animaltrial.com/heronbird.html|title=Herons|accessmonthday=24 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

[[Image:Ixobrychus minutus 3 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|right|thumb|200px|An immature Little Bittern.]]
*[[Gray Heron]] (''Ardea cinerea'')
*[[Black-headed Heron]] (''Ardea melanocephala'') '''(R)'''
*[[Goliath Heron]] (''Ardea goliath'')
*[[Purple Heron]] (''Ardea purpurea'')
*[[Great Egret]] (''Ardea alba'')
*[[Western Reef-Heron]] (''Egretta gularis '')
*[[Little Egret]] (''Egretta garzetta'')
*[[Squacco Heron]] (''Ardeola ralloides'')
*[[Cattle Egret]] (''Bubulcus ibis'')
*[[Striated Heron]] (''Butorides striata'')
*[[Black-crowned Night-Heron]] (''Nycticorax nycticorax'')
*[[Little Bittern]] (''Ixobrychus minutus'')
*[[Schrenck's Bittern]] (''Ixobrychus eurhythmus'') '''(R)'''
*[[Great Bittern]] (''Botaurus stellaris'')

== Storks ==
*'''Order''': [[Ciconiiformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Ciconiidae]]

The [[Stork]]s are a family of large waders that are found locally in the tropical regions of the world. While some birds of the species prefer wetlands and swampy areas, others prefer grasslands to live in. However, wherever the storks live, finding a place where they can safely nest is vital. Larger storks build huge nests that are isolated by swamps and woods. Others breed in large colonies. In wet years, the number of birds breeding togethern can become massive, but in dry years, it can be much less that average. The White Stork of the genus is fabled in the Western World to [[Stork#Mythology of storks|deliver an infant to childless couples]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.montereybay.com/creagrus/storks.html|title=Storks|accessmonthday=24 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Yellow-billed Stork]] (''Mycteria ibis'')
*[[Black Stork]] (''Ciconia nigra'')
*[[White Stork]] (''Ciconia ciconia'')
[[Image:Heiliger Ibis 0508061.jpg|right|thumb|300px|The Sacred Ibis, as seen here, is no longer in existence in Egypt]]

== Ibises and Spoonbills ==
*'''Order''': [[Ciconiiformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Threskiornithidae]]

[[Ibis]]es and [[spoonbill]]s are long-legged aquatic birds that belong to the same family of [[Threskiornithidae]]. Ibises are noted for their bills, which are very long curve downwars sharply. The two bird species eat fish, insects, [[crustacean]]s, [[frog]]s, and [[lizard]]s, and live in various common locations such as swamps, [[mud flat]]s and swampy wetlands.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.zinnysworld.com/ibises.htm|title=Ibises and Spoonbills|accessmonthday=25 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Sacred Ibis]] ''Threskiornis aethiopicus'' '''(Ex)'''
*[[Waldrapp]] ''Geronticus eremita'' '''(Ex)/(CE)'''
*[[Glossy Ibis]] ''Plegadis falcinellus''
*[[Eurasian Spoonbill]] ''Platalea leucorodia''

== Flamingos ==
[[Image:475px-Flam.lesser.600pix (Pingstone).jpg|right|thumb|150px|A Lesser Flamingo is seen here in some shallow water. Note its long, thin legs and comparatively large body.]]
*'''Order''': [[Phoenicopteriformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Phoenicopteridae]]
[[Flamingo]]s are large, long-legged birds whose plumage is usually a pinky hue. They have very long and thin necks, and thick curved beaks, which are used for feeding purposes such as to take vegetables and seafood from the shallow water where many of the species prefer to live. Flamingos make a distinct sound when in flight, a sound which is comparable to that of which a [[goose]] can make. Their range of distribution encompasses areas such as the [[Mediterranean]], as well as various other places including Africa, certain parts of [[Spain]] and southwestern [[France]].

*[[Greater Flamingo]] (''Phoenicopterus roseus'')
*[[Lesser Flamingo]] (''Phoenicopterus minor'')

== Ducks, Geese and Swans ==
*'''Order''': [[Anseriformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Anatidae]]

[[Duck]]s, [[Geese]] and [[Swan]]s are all species of waterfowl, and populate, to some degree, every continent, excepting [[Antarctica]].
They inhabit lakes, bays, ponds and other such water bodies. They also range in size greatly, with some small species of geese weighing only about one quarter of a kilogram, and swans with an average of 12kg. There is approximately 150 identified species of ducks, geese and swans.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://thebirdzoo.com/Ducks,%20Geese,%20Swans.htm|title=Ducks, Geese and Swans|accessmonthday=27 April|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

[[Image:SwansCygnus olor.jpg|right|thumb|350px|A pair of Mute Swans swimming together]]
[[Image:Alopochen-aegyptiacus.jpg|right|thumb|350px|An Egyptian Goose]]
*[[Mute Swan]] (''Cygnus olor'')
*[[Whooper Swan]] (''Cygnus cygnus'')
*[[Bean Goose]] (''Anser fabalis'') '''(R)'''
*[[Greater White-fronted Goose]] (''Anser albifrons'')
*[[Lesser White-fronted Goose]] (''Anser erythropus'') '''(V)'''
*[[Greylag Goose]] (''Anser anser'')
*[[Brent Goose|Brant]] (''Branta bernicla'')
*[[Barnacle Goose]] (''Branta leucopsis'') '''(R)'''
*[[Red-breasted Goose]] (''Branta ruficollis'') '''(R)(V)'''
*[[Egyptian Goose]] (''Alopochen aegyptiacus'')
*[[Ruddy Shelduck]] (''Tadorna ferruginea'')
*[[Common Shelduck]] (''Tadorna tadorna'')
*[[Spur-winged Goose]] (''Plectropterus gambensis'')
*[[Eurasian Wigeon]] (''Anas penelope'')
*[[Gadwall]] (''Anas strepera'')
*[[Eurasian Teal]] (''Anas crecca'')
*[[Cape Teal]] (''Anas capensis'')
*[[Mallard]] (''Anas platyrhynchos'')
*[[Northern Pintail]] (''Anas acuta'')
*[[Garganey]] (''Anas querquedula'')
*[[Blue-winged Teal]] (''Anas discors'')
*[[Northern Shoveler]] (''Anas clypeata'')
*[[Marbled Teal]] (''Marmaronetta angustirostris'') '''(V)'''
*[[Red-crested Pochard]] (''Netta rufina'')
*[[Common Pochard]] (''Aythya ferina'')
*[[Ferruginous Pochard]] (''Aythya nyroca'') '''(N)'''
*[[Tufted Duck]] (''Aythya fuligula'')
*[[Greater Scaup]] (''Aythya marila'')
*[[White-winged Scoter]] (''Melanitta fusca'')
*[[Smew]] (''Mergellus albellus'')
*[[Red-breasted Merganser]] (''Mergus serrator'')
*[[Common Merganser]] (''Mergus merganser'')
*[[White-headed Duck]] (''Oxyura leucocephala'')

== Osprey ==
*'''Order''': [[Falconiformes]]
*'''Family''': [[Pandionidae]]

Ospreys are a specie of [[Bird of prey|raptor]] birds. They live in most places of the world, near bodies of water such as lakes, rivers and [[mangrove]]s and seashores, among others. Their diet mostly consists of live fish, of which can be of a large variety of fish. They catch their prey by slowly hovering over the surface of the water and searching, before making large dives.
Ospreys have a body length that is, on average, around 20-25 inches, with a 5-6 foot wingspan. They weigh between around 2.5 pounds and 4.5 pounds.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.peregrinefund.org/explore_raptors/osprey/osprey.html|title=Ospreys|accessmonthday=3 May|accessyear=2007}}</ref>

*[[Osprey]] (''Pandion haliaetus'')

==Flora==
{{Expand-section|date=May 2008}}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?kingname=ANIMALIA&phyname=CHORDATA&claname=MAMMALIA&freetext=&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B0%5D=all&redlistAssessyear%5B0%5D=all&country%5B0%5D=EG&aquatic%5B0%5D=all&regions%5B0%5D=all&habitats%5B0%5D=all&threats%5B0%5D=all&Submit_x=34&Submit_y=9&extendedResults=0&terrestrial=0&marine=0&freshwater=0&offset=0&sortorder%5B0%5D=spcscientificname&sortorder%5B1%5D=genname&sortorder%5B2%5D=spcname&sortorder%5B3%5D=spcauthor&sortorder%5B4%5D=spcinfrarank&sortorder%5B5%5D=spcinfraepithet&sortorder%5B6%5D=spcinfrarankauthor&sortorder%5B7%5D=spcstockname&sortorder%5B8%5D=comname_comp&sortorder%5B9%5D=rlcabb&sortorder%5B10%5D=rlscriteria&sortorder%5B11%5D=poptrend_code&sortorder%5B12%5D=rlcatcrit2001&sortorder%5B13%5D=spcrecid&sortorder%5B14%5D=kingname&debug=0&taxa_subspc=0&taxa_stock=0&newsort=Genus
|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Egypt
|publisher=IUCN
|date=2001
|accessdaymonth = [[22 May]]
|accessyear=[[2007]]}}
*{{cite web
|url=http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/
|title=Mammal Species of the World
|publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
|date=2005
|accessdaymonth = [[22 May]]
|accessyear=[[2007]]}}
*{{cite web
|url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html
|title=Animal Diversity Web
|publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
|date=1995-2006
|accessdaymonth = [[22 May]]
|accessyear=[[2007]]}}

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist|2}}
*[http://www.bsc-eoc.org/avibase/avibase.jsp?region=eg&pg=checklist&list=clements Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World (Egypt)] - Primary Source

==External links==

{{WildlifeofAfrica}}
{{Asia in topic|Wildlife of}}

[[Category:Biota of Egypt]]
[[Category:Wildlife by country|Egypt]]

Revision as of 02:24, 11 October 2008


October 2008

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