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{{infobox ethnic group|
{{infobox ethnic group|
|group=Tolupan<br/>Jicaque
| group = Tolupan<br/>Jicaque
| image = File:AurelioMartinezAcaling04.JPG
|image=
| population = 8,600<ref name=every/>
|poptime=8,600<ref name=every>[http://www.everyculture.com/Middle-America-Caribbean/Jicaque.html "Jicaque."] ''Countries and Their Cultures.'' (retrieved 2 Dec 2011)</ref>
|popplace={{Flag|Honduras}}
| popplace = {{Flag|Honduras}}
|rels=traditional tribal religion, [[Roman Catholicism]]<ref name=every/>
| rels = traditional tribal religion, [[Roman Catholicism]]<ref name=every/>
|langs=[[Jicaque language|Jicaque]]
| langs = [[Jicaque language|Jicaque]]
|related=
}}
}}
The '''Tolupan''' or '''Jicaque people''' are an indigenous ethnic group of [[Honduras]], primarily inhabiting the northwest coast of Honduras<ref name=brit>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303796/Jicaque "Jicaque."] ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' (retrieved 2 Dec 2011)</ref> and the community La Montaña del Flor in central Honduras.
The '''Tolupan''' or '''Jicaque people''' are an indigenous ethnic group of [[Honduras]], primarily inhabiting the northwest coast of Honduras<ref name=brit>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/303796/Jicaque "Jicaque."] ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' (retrieved 2 Dec 2011)</ref> and the community {{ILL|Montaña de La Flor|sv}} in central Honduras.


==Culture==
==Culture==
The Jicaque are agrarian people, and they raise beans, maize, and sweet and bitter [[manioc]]. They also fish, hunt, and raise livestock. They are polygamous. Culturally, they are similar to the [[Miskito people|Miskito]] and [[Sumo people]].<ref name=brit/>
The Jicaque or Tolupan are an [[agrarian society|agrarian]] people, who raise beans, [[maize]], and sweet and bitter [[manioc]]. They also fish, hunt, and raise livestock. They are [[polygamy|polygamous]]. Culturally, they are similar to the [[Miskito people|Miskito]] and [[Sumo people]].<ref name=brit/>


==History==
==History==
In the 19th century, a Roman Catholic missionary, Manuel Jesús de Subirian encouraged many Jicaque to assimilate to mainstream culture, settle in villages, and grow maize. The other Jicaque who maintained their traditional lifeways lived in Montaña de la Flor, and ultimately the Honduran government granted them a 760-hectare reservation.<ref name=every/>
In the 19th century, a Roman Catholic missionary, Manuel Jesús de Subirian, encouraged many Jicaque to assimilate into mainstream culture, settle in villages, and grow maize. The other Jicaque who maintained their traditional lifeways lived in Montaña de la Flor, and ultimately the Honduran government granted them a 760-hectare reservation.<ref name=every>[http://www.everyculture.com/Middle-America-Caribbean/Jicaque.html "Jicaque."] ''Countries and Their Cultures.'' (retrieved 2 Dec 2011)</ref>


==Synonymy==
==Synonymy==
The Jicaque are also called the Cicaque, Hicaque, Ikake, Taguaca, Taupane, Tol, Tolpan, Torrupan, or Xicaque people.<ref name=every/>
The Jicaque are also called the Cicaque, Hicaque, Ikake, Taguaca, Taupane, Tol, Tolpan, Torrupan, or Xicaque people.<ref name=every/>

==Honors==
A species of Honduran snake, ''[[Rhadinella|Rhadinella tolpanorum]]'', is named in honor of the Tolupan people.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Tolpan", p. 266).</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 23: Line 25:


== Further reading ==
== Further reading ==
* [[Anne Chapman|Chapman, Anne]]. (1984). Tolupan de la Montaña de la flor: otra cultura que desaparece. America Indigena 44(3): 467-484.
*[[Anne Chapman|Chapman, Anne]] (1984). "''Tolupan de la Montaña de la flor: otra cultura que desaparece''". ''America Indigena'' '''44''' (3): 467-484. (in Spanish).
* Chapman, Anne. (1981). Organizacion dual entre los jicaques (tol) de la Montaña de la Flor, Honduras. Yaxkin 4(1): 57-67.
*Chapman, Anne (1981). "''Organizacion dual entre los jicaques (tol) de la Montaña de la Flor, Honduras''". ''Yaxkin'' '''4''' (1): 57-67. (in Spanish).
* Chapman, Anne. (1978). Les Enfants des la Mort: Uivers Mythique des Indiens Tolupan (Jicaque). Mission Archaeologique et Ethnologique Français Au Mexique.
*Chapman, Anne (1978). "''Les Enfants des la Mort: Univers Mythique des Indiens Tolupan (Jicaque)''". ''Mission Archaeologique et Ethnologique Français Au Mexique''. (in French).
* Chapman, Anne. (1970). Chamanisme et magie des ficelles chez les Tolupan (Jicaque) du Honduras. Journal de la Societe des Americanistes 59: 43-64.
*Chapman, Anne (1970). "''Chamanisme et magie des ficelles chez les Tolupan (Jicaque) du Honduras''". ''Journal de la Societé des Américanistes'' '''59''': 43-64. (in French).
* Chavez Borjas, Manuel (1984). Cultura jicaque y el proyecto de desarrollo indigena en Yoro. America Indigena 44(3): 589-612.
*Chavez Borjas, Manuel (1984)."'' Cultura jicaque y el proyecto de desarrollo indigena en Yoro''". ''America Indigena'' '''44''' (3): 589-612. (in Spanish).
* Davidson, William. (1984). Padre Subirana y las tierras concedidas a los indios hondureños en el siglo XIX. America Indigena 44(3): 447-459.
*Davidson, William (1984). "''Padre Subirana y las tierras concedidas a los indios hondureños en el siglo XIX'' ". ''America Indigena'' '''44''' (3): 447-459. (in Spanish).
* Davidson, William. (1985) Geography of the Tol (Jicaaque) Indians in eighteenth century Honduras. Mesoamerica: 58-90.
*Davidson, William. (1985) [https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/4009073.pdf "''Geografía de los indígenas toles (jicaques) de Honduras en el siglo XVIII'' "] [= "Geography of the Tol (Jicaque) Indians in eighteenth century Honduras"]. ''Mesoamerica'' '''9''': 58-90. (in Spanish).
* Royce de Denis, Margaret. (1986). Programa de alfabetizacion bilingue entre los Tolupanes de la Montaña de la flor, Yaxkin 9: 17-28.
*Royce de Denis, Margaret (1986). "''Programa de alfabetizacion bilingue entre los Tolupanes de la Montaña de la flor'' ". ''Yaxkin'' '''9''': 17-28. (in Spanish).
*Steward, Julian H (1948). [https://antharky.ucalgary.ca/caadb/sites/antharky.ucalgary.ca.caadb/files/Johnson_1948_Central_American_Cultures_An_Introduction.pdf Handbook of South American Indians], Volume 4: The Circum-Caribbean Tribes. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 143, 60-61.
* von Hagen, Victor. (1943) The Jicaque (Torupan) Indians of Honduras. Indian Notes and Monographs 53. Heye Foundation, NY.
*von Hagen, Victor (1943). ''The Jicaque (Torupan) Indians of Honduras''. Indian Notes and Monographs 53. New York: Heye Foundation.


{{Ethnic groups in Honduras}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolupan People}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tolupan People}}
[[Category:Circum-Caribbean tribes]]
[[Category:Circum-Caribbean tribes]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Honduras]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples in Honduras]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Central America]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of Central America]]
[[Category:Mesoamerican cultures]]
[[Category:Mesoamerican cultures]]

Revision as of 17:50, 21 September 2023

Tolupan
Jicaque
Total population
8,600[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Honduras
Languages
Jicaque
Religion
traditional tribal religion, Roman Catholicism[1]

The Tolupan or Jicaque people are an indigenous ethnic group of Honduras, primarily inhabiting the northwest coast of Honduras[2] and the community Montaña de La Flor [sv] in central Honduras.

Culture

The Jicaque or Tolupan are an agrarian people, who raise beans, maize, and sweet and bitter manioc. They also fish, hunt, and raise livestock. They are polygamous. Culturally, they are similar to the Miskito and Sumo people.[2]

History

In the 19th century, a Roman Catholic missionary, Manuel Jesús de Subirian, encouraged many Jicaque to assimilate into mainstream culture, settle in villages, and grow maize. The other Jicaque who maintained their traditional lifeways lived in Montaña de la Flor, and ultimately the Honduran government granted them a 760-hectare reservation.[1]

Synonymy

The Jicaque are also called the Cicaque, Hicaque, Ikake, Taguaca, Taupane, Tol, Tolpan, Torrupan, or Xicaque people.[1]

Honors

A species of Honduran snake, Rhadinella tolpanorum, is named in honor of the Tolupan people.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d "Jicaque." Countries and Their Cultures. (retrieved 2 Dec 2011)
  2. ^ a b "Jicaque." Encyclopædia Britannica. (retrieved 2 Dec 2011)
  3. ^ Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Tolpan", p. 266).

Further reading

  • Chapman, Anne (1984). "Tolupan de la Montaña de la flor: otra cultura que desaparece". America Indigena 44 (3): 467-484. (in Spanish).
  • Chapman, Anne (1981). "Organizacion dual entre los jicaques (tol) de la Montaña de la Flor, Honduras". Yaxkin 4 (1): 57-67. (in Spanish).
  • Chapman, Anne (1978). "Les Enfants des la Mort: Univers Mythique des Indiens Tolupan (Jicaque)". Mission Archaeologique et Ethnologique Français Au Mexique. (in French).
  • Chapman, Anne (1970). "Chamanisme et magie des ficelles chez les Tolupan (Jicaque) du Honduras". Journal de la Societé des Américanistes 59: 43-64. (in French).
  • Chavez Borjas, Manuel (1984)." Cultura jicaque y el proyecto de desarrollo indigena en Yoro". America Indigena 44 (3): 589-612. (in Spanish).
  • Davidson, William (1984). "Padre Subirana y las tierras concedidas a los indios hondureños en el siglo XIX ". America Indigena 44 (3): 447-459. (in Spanish).
  • Davidson, William. (1985) "Geografía de los indígenas toles (jicaques) de Honduras en el siglo XVIII " [= "Geography of the Tol (Jicaque) Indians in eighteenth century Honduras"]. Mesoamerica 9: 58-90. (in Spanish).
  • Royce de Denis, Margaret (1986). "Programa de alfabetizacion bilingue entre los Tolupanes de la Montaña de la flor ". Yaxkin 9: 17-28. (in Spanish).
  • Steward, Julian H (1948). Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 4: The Circum-Caribbean Tribes. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 143, 60-61.
  • von Hagen, Victor (1943). The Jicaque (Torupan) Indians of Honduras. Indian Notes and Monographs 53. New York: Heye Foundation.


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