Turukkaeans: Difference between revisions
Reverted 3 edits by 217.25.18.16 (talk): Unsourced and POV (TW) |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{no footnotes|date=March 2016}} |
{{no footnotes|date=March 2016}} |
||
'''Turukkaeans''' ('''Turukkum''', '''Turukku''') were an ancient [[Ancient Near East|near eastern]] people in the north western parts of [[Ancient Iran]] during the [[Bronze Age]]. In particular, they inhabited the [[Lake Urmia|Urmia]] basin and the valleys of northwestern [[Zagros Mountains]]. Turukkum appears to have consisted of a group of kingdoms whose populations were of mixed stock, perhaps predominantly [[Hurrians|Hurrian]]-speaking {{ref?|date=December 2017}}but with significant [[East Semitic]]-speaking components.{{ref?|date=December 2017}} |
'''Turukkaeans''' ('''Turukkum''', '''Turukku''') were an ancient [[Ancient Near East|near eastern]] people in the north western parts of [[Ancient Iran]] during the [[Bronze Age]]. In particular, they inhabited the [[Lake Urmia|Urmia]] basin and the valleys of northwestern [[Zagros Mountains]]. Turukkum appears to have consisted of a group of kingdoms whose populations were of mixed stock, perhaps predominantly [[Hurrians|Hurrian]]-speaking {{ref?|date=December 2017}} but with significant [[East Semitic]]-speaking components.{{ref?|date=December 2017}} |
||
The Turukkaeans were long considered to be a semi-nomadic tribal people who repeatedly raided the cities and kingdoms of northern Mesopotamia. But according to Eidem and Laessøe, evidence provided by the [[Tell Shemshara|Shemshara]] archives indicated that Turukkum was made up of a number of polities with a relatively complex political organization and systems of noble lineage sharing territorial power. The kingdom of [[Itabalhum]] seems to have been the most important of these polities. The Turukkaeans were a constant threat to the security of the [[Old Assyrian Empire]] during the reign of [[Shamshi-Adad I]] (1813 - 1782 BC) and his son and successor [[Ishme-Dagan]] (1781 - 1750), sacking for instance the city of [[Mardaman]] around the year 1769/1768 BC<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pfälzner |first1=Peter |title=Keilschrifttafeln von Bassetki lüften Geheimnis um Königsstadt Mardaman |url=https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/newsletter-uni-tuebingen-aktuell/2018/2/forschung/5/ |website=uni-tuebingen.de |publisher=University of Tubingen}}</ref>. In the year The name of [[Hammurabi]]'s 37th year records his defeat of Turukku. |
The Turukkaeans were long considered to be a semi-nomadic tribal people who repeatedly raided the cities and kingdoms of northern Mesopotamia. But according to Eidem and Laessøe, evidence provided by the [[Tell Shemshara|Shemshara]] archives indicated that Turukkum was made up of a number of polities with a relatively complex political organization and systems of noble lineage sharing territorial power. The kingdom of [[Itabalhum]] seems to have been the most important of these polities. The Turukkaeans were a constant threat to the security of the [[Old Assyrian Empire]] during the reign of [[Shamshi-Adad I]] (1813 - 1782 BC) and his son and successor [[Ishme-Dagan]] (1781 - 1750), sacking for instance the city of [[Mardaman]] around the year 1769/1768 BC<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pfälzner |first1=Peter |title=Keilschrifttafeln von Bassetki lüften Geheimnis um Königsstadt Mardaman |url=https://uni-tuebingen.de/en/university/news-and-publications/newsletter-uni-tuebingen-aktuell/2018/2/forschung/5/ |website=uni-tuebingen.de |publisher=University of Tubingen}}</ref>. In the year The name of [[Hammurabi]]'s 37th year records his defeat of Turukku. |
||
Revision as of 09:01, 6 August 2019
 | This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. (March 2016) |
Turukkaeans (Turukkum, Turukku) were an ancient near eastern people in the north western parts of Ancient Iran during the Bronze Age. In particular, they inhabited the Urmia basin and the valleys of northwestern Zagros Mountains. Turukkum appears to have consisted of a group of kingdoms whose populations were of mixed stock, perhaps predominantly Hurrian-speaking [citation needed] but with significant East Semitic-speaking components.[citation needed]
The Turukkaeans were long considered to be a semi-nomadic tribal people who repeatedly raided the cities and kingdoms of northern Mesopotamia. But according to Eidem and Laessøe, evidence provided by the Shemshara archives indicated that Turukkum was made up of a number of polities with a relatively complex political organization and systems of noble lineage sharing territorial power. The kingdom of Itabalhum seems to have been the most important of these polities. The Turukkaeans were a constant threat to the security of the Old Assyrian Empire during the reign of Shamshi-Adad I (1813 - 1782 BC) and his son and successor Ishme-Dagan (1781 - 1750), sacking for instance the city of Mardaman around the year 1769/1768 BC[1]. In the year The name of Hammurabi's 37th year records his defeat of Turukku.
See also
- Gutian dynasty of Sumer
- History of Anatolia
- History of Iran
- History of Iraq
- History of Mesopotamia
- Mari, Syria
- Tabitu
- Pishenden
- Sumer
- Sumerian King List
References
- ^ Pfälzner, Peter. "Keilschrifttafeln von Bassetki lüften Geheimnis um Königsstadt Mardaman". uni-tuebingen.de. University of Tubingen.
Bibliography
- German Archaeological Institute. Department of Tehran Archaeological releases from Iran, Volume 19, Dietrich Reimer, 1986 Template:De icon
- Jesper Eidem, Jørgen Læssøe: The Shemshara archives, Volume 23, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 2001, ISBN 8778762456
- Jörgen Laessøe, The Shemshāra Tablets (Kopenhagen 1959)
- Jörgen Laessøe, The Quest for the Country of *Utûm. Journal of the American Oriental Society 88/1, 1968, pp. 120–122
- Victor Harold Matthews, Pastoral nomadism in the Mari Kingdom (ca. 1830-1760 B.C.), American Schools of Oriental Research, 1978, ISBN 0897571037
 | This Ancient Near East–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |