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#REDIRECT [[Pantethine]] {{R from alternative name}}
{{Mergefrom|Catherine of Aragon in Popular Culture|date=September 2008}}
{{Infobox British Royalty|majesty|consort
| name =Catherine of Aragon
| title =Queen consort of England
| image =Catherine aragon.jpg
| caption =Official portrait of Catherine as Queen of England
| reign =11 June 1509 – 23 May 1533
| coronation =24 June 1509
| spouse =[[Arthur, Prince of Wales]]<br>[[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]
| issue =[[Mary I of England|Mary I]]<br>[[Henry, Duke of Cornwall]]
| issue-link =Henry, Duke of Cornwall
| issue-pipe =Among others...
| titles =The Dowager Princess of Wales<br>''Her Majesty'' The Queen<br>''Her Grace'' The Queen<br>The Dowager Princess of Wales<br>The Princess of Wales<br>Infanta Catherine of Aragon and Castile
| royal house =[[House of Tudor]]<br>[[House of Trastámara]]
| father =[[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]
| mother =[[Isabella I of Castille]]
| date of birth =16 December 1485
| place of birth =Laredo Palace, [[Alcala de Henares]],[[Spain]]
| date of death =7 January 1536 (aged 50)
| place of death =[[Kimbolton Castle]], [[Cambridgeshire]]
|}}

'''Catherine of Aragon''' (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536), also known as ''Catharine'', ''Katherine'' or ''Katharine'' ([[Spanish language|Castilian]] ''Infanta Catalina de Aragón y Castilla'') was the [[List of English consorts|Queen of England]] as the [[Wives of Henry VIII|first wife]] of [[Henry VIII of England]]. Henry's attempt to have their 24-year marriage [[Annulment|annulled]] set in motion a chain of events that led to England's break with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Henry was dissatisfied with the marriage because all their sons had died in childhood, leaving only one of their six children, [[Mary I of England|Princess Mary]] (later Queen Mary I) as [[heiress presumptive]], at a time when there was no established precedent for a woman on the throne. When [[Pope]] [[Clement VII]] refused to annul the marriage, Henry defied him by progressively assuming supremacy over religious matters. This allowed him to marry [[Anne Boleyn]] on the judgment of clergy in England, without reference to the Pope. He was motivated by the hope of fathering a male heir to the [[Tudor dynasty]].

==Early life==

Catherine was the youngest child of [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] and [[Isabella I of Castile]]. Her older siblings were [[Isabella of Asturias|Isabella, Princess of Asturias]] [[List of Portuguese queens|Queen of Portugal]]; [[John, Prince of Asturias]]; [[Joanna of Castile]]; and [[Maria of Aragon (1482-1517)|Maria of Castile and Aragon]], [[List of Portuguese queens|Queen of Portugal]]. She was an aunt, among others, of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], [[John III of Portugal]] and their wives, [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]], [[Henry I of Portugal]] and [[Isabella of Burgundy|Isabella, Queen Consort of Denmark]]. She was a granddaughter of both [[John II of Castile]] and [[John II of Aragon]]. She was of average height for a woman, {{Dubious|date=October 2008}} with long auburn hair, almond shaped eyes and had a creamy/pale like complexion. She was descended from the English royal house through her great-grandmother [[Katherine of Lancaster]] and her great-great-grandmother [[Philippa of Lancaster]], both daughters of [[John of Gaunt]] and granddaughters of [[Edward III of England]]. She was thus a third cousin of her father-in-law, [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]], and a fourth cousin of her mother-in-law [[Elizabeth of York]]. She was born at the Archbishop's Palace in [[Alcalá de Henares]] ({{convert|30|km|abbr=on|disp=s|sigfig=1}} from [[Madrid]]) on the night of 16 December.

At an early age, she was identified as a suitable wife for [[Arthur, Prince of Wales]], first son of [[Henry VII of England]] and heir to the throne. They were [[Proxy marriage|married by proxy]], and corresponded in [[Latin language|Latin]] until Arthur turned 15 and it was decided that the time had arrived for them to be married in person. She arrived in England in the autumn, with a retinue including [[George de Athequa]], and the couple met at last on 4 November 1501, at [[Dogmersfield]] in [[Hampshire]]. Little is known about their first impressions of each other, but Arthur did write to his parents-in-law that he would be 'a true and loving husband' and he later told his parents that he was immensely happy to behold the face of his lovely bride. They found that they were unable to speak to each other since they had learned different pronunciations of Latin. Ten days later, on 14 November 1501, they were married at [[St. Paul's Cathedral]].

==Princess of Wales==
[[Image:CatherineAragon.jpg|thumb|right|136px|Catherine as a young widow.]]As [[Prince of Wales]], Arthur was sent to [[Ludlow Castle]] on the borders of [[Wales]], to preside over the [[Council of Wales and the Marches]], and his bride accompanied him. A few months later, they both became ill, possibly with the [[sweating sickness]] which was sweeping the area. He died of it on 2 April 1502, and she nearly died; she recovered to find herself a widow.

At this point Henry VII was faced with the dilemma of how to avoid returning her dowry to her father. To avoid complications, it was agreed that she would marry the king's second son, Prince Henry, who was more than five years younger than her. The marriage was delayed until the prince was old enough, and the king procrastinated so much that it looked doubtful whether the marriage would ever take place. She lived, almost as prisoner, at [[Durham House (London)|Durham House]] in [[London]].<ref>Williams, p.15</ref> Some of her letters to her father, complaining of her treatment, have survived. She had little money at the time and struggled to cope, as she had the well being of her ladies-in-waiting to maintain as well as her own, and it is certain that she would have been very unhappy at that time, complaining of periods of "low fever" which were probably a form of depression.

Marriage to Arthur's brother depended on the Pope granting a dispensation because of the close relationship. Catherine testified that her marriage to Arthur was never consummated. The matter was considered of minor importance at the time, as the Pope had the power to overrule any objections to the marriage, whether or not they were for religious reasons.

== Queen of England ==

Some believe Henry VIII married Catherine in accordance to his dying father's last wishes, in order to keep her dowry, though evidence suggests that Henry loved her. She was still young and attractive, and her country of Spain would be a good alliance against the French. The wedding took place on 11 June 1509, seven weeks after the death of [[Henry Tudor|Henry VII]]. They were married at a private ceremony at Greenwich Church. Catherine was dressed in white, wearing her hair loose, customary for a virgin bride.

=== Coronation===
[[Image:Henry VIII Catherine of Aragon coronation woodcut.jpg|thumb|right|320px|16th century woodcut of the coronation of Henry VIII of England and Catherine of Aragon showing their heraldic badges, the Tudor Rose and the Pomegranate of Aragon.]]

On Saturday 23 June the traditional eve-of-coronation procession to Westminster was greeted by an extremely large and very enthusiastic crowds. Catherine was acclaimed as she passed by in a litter "''Borne on the backs of two white palfreys trapped in white cloth of gold, her person appareled in white satin embroidered, her hair hanging down her back, of a very great length, beautiful and good to behold, and on her head a coronal, set with many rich stones.''" {{Fact|date=October 2008}} The crowds cried out "God save you!" to Catherine. {{Fact|date=October 2008}}

On the 24 June 1509, which was a Sunday, and also Midsummer's Day, Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon were crowned along side each other at a lavish ceremony at [[Westminster Abbey]]. Catherine and Henry passed through streets hung with tapestries and cloth of gold.The barons of the Cinq Ports held canopies over Catherine and Henry, and beneath their feet was striped cloth made of ray, which after they had entered the Abbey was immediately cut up by the crowd. They were both adorned with diamonds, rubies, and other precious stones. They were and crowned by the archbishop of Canterbury, "in the presence of other prelates of the realm and the nobility and a large number of civic dignitaries" The people were asked if they would take Henry as their King and obey him, with "great reverence, love and willingness they responded with the cry 'Yea, Yea'". The coronation was followed by a banquet in [[Westminster Hall]].When the ceremony was finished, the nobility paid homage to King Henry , then with Queen Catherine's permission, returned to Westminster Hall - each one beneath his canopy. The nobles were ushered to their seats by th Lord Marshall, the seats had been arranged earlier according to their nobility. The nine-piece table was set with the King's estate, while seated on the right and the Queen's estate. The first course of the banquet was announced with a fanfare. It was said to be greater than "any Ceasar had known", and opened with a procession bearing the dishes led by the [[Duke of Buckingham]] and the Lord Steward riding on horses that were decked with cloths of gold, and richly embroidered trappings. The two of them led in the banquet which was described as "truly sumptuous", and as well as a great number of delicacies also included unusual heraldic devices and mottos. One eye witness acount described the banquet: "''How can I describe the abundance of fine and delicate fare prepared for this magnificent and lordly feast, produced both abroad and in the many and various parts of this realm to which God has granted his bounty. Or indeed the exemplary execution of the service of the meal itself, the clean handling and distribution of the food and the efficient ordering of the courses, such that no person of any estate lacked for anything.''" The great rejoicing which followed the wedding and coronation occupied the court during much of the remainder of the year in an almost unbroken time of revels, pageants, tournaments, banqueting, dancing, and making music. Many new [[Knights of the Bath]] were created in honour of the coronation. One such occasion occured the floowing day, an eyewitness acount wrote about it: "presented themselves before the king ready for the tourney. All on horseback and armed from head to foot they each had one side of their armor-skirts and horse-trappings made of white velvet embroidered with gold roses and other devices, and the other made of green velvet embroidered with gold pomegranates. On their headpieces each wore a plume of gold damask.
At the same time the other side rode in, the aforementioned eight knights fully armed and dressed, like their mounts, in green satin embroidered with fine golden bramble branches. Following them, blowing horns, came a number of men dressed as foresters or gamekeepers in green cloth, with caps and hose to match, who arranged a set like a park with white and green fencing around it. Inside this paddock were fallow deer and artificial trees, bushes, ferns, and so forth. Once set up before the queen the paddock gates were unlocked and the deer ran out into the palace grounds. Greyhounds were then let loose which killed the deer, the bodies of which were then presented to the queen and the assembled ladies by the above-mentioned knights.
Crocheman, who had brought in the golden lance the previous day, then declared that his knights were the servants of the goddess Diana and whilst they had been indulging in their pastime of hunting had received news that lady Pallas's knights had come into these parts to perform feats of arms. Thereupon they had left off the chase and come hither to encounter these nights and to fight with them for the love of the ladies.
He added that if lady Pallas's knights vanquished them or forced them to leave the field of battle then they would receive the deer that had been killed and the greyhounds that slew them. But if Diana's knights overpowers their opponents they were to be given the swords of those knights and nothing more.
Hearing this, the queen and her ladies asked the king for his advice on the matter. The king, thinking that perhaps there was some grudge between the two parties and believing that to grant the request might lead to some unpleasantness, decided not to consent to these terms. Instead, to defuse the situation, it was decided that both parties should fight the tourney but that only a limited number of strokes would be permitted.
This was done and the two sides then left the field. The jousts then came to an end and the prizes were awarded to each man according to his deserts."
The [[Wars of the Roses]] seemed to be no more than a fading memory. [[Thomas More]] wrote about the coronation "This day is the end of our slavery, the fount of our liberty; the end of sadness, the beginning of joy." Henry was almost 18 when crowned and Catherine was 24.


=== Struggle for a son ===

The marriage seems to have been a happy one until it started to seem likely that Henry would have no legitimate male heir. Catherine had six pregnancies altogether. In 1510, Catherine delivered a stillborn girl. In 1511, Catherine delivered a boy named [[Henry, Duke of Cornwall|Henry]]. But sadly, 52 days later, the boy died. In 1513, Catherine was pregnant again. Henry left her as Regent of England, as he left to fight a war in France. Scotland invaded, so she sent an army north to meet the Scots. The Scots failed, and Catherine sent Henry the bloodied coat of King [[James IV of Scotland]] as proof of her victory. Henry returned, but she delivered the baby, a boy, prematurely, and was stillborn or short-lived. At the end of 1514, she delivered another stillborn son. In 1516, Catherine delivered a healthy girl, who would later become [[Mary I of England]]. In 1518, Catherine fell pregnant for the last time. She gave birth to a stillborn daughter in November of that year.

[[Image:Mary1England1544.jpg|thumb|left|140px| Catherine and Henry's daughter, Mary]]

Catherine's religious dedication increased with her age, as did her interest in academics. She continued to broaden her knowledge and provide training for her daughter. Education among women became fashionable, partly from Catherine's influence. She also donated large sums of money to several colleges. Henry considered a male heir essential. The [[Tudor dynasty]] was new, and its legitimacy might still be tested. [[The Anarchy|A long civil war]] (1135&ndash;54) had been fought the last time a female, ([[Henry I of England]]'s daughter, the [[Empress Matilda]]), had inherited the English throne. The disasters of [[civil war]] were still fresh in living memory from the [[Wars of the Roses]] (1455&ndash;85).

In 1520 Catherine's nephew [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]] paid a state visit to England, and she urged Henry to enter an alliance with Charles rather than with [[France]]. Immediately after his departure, 31 May 1520, she accompanied the king to France on the celebrated visit to [[Francis I of France|Francis I]], the so-called [[Field of the Cloth of Gold]]. Within two years, war was declared against France and the Emperor was once again made welcome in England, where plans were afoot to betroth him to Princess Mary.

===Henry's annulment===

{{Henryviiiwives}}

In 1525, Henry VIII became enamoured with [[Anne Boleyn]], a maid-of-honour to the Queen, and began his pursuit of her.<ref>Scarisbrick, p.154.</ref> By this time Catherine was not in a physical condition to undergo further pregnancies. Henry began to believe that his marriage was cursed and sought confirmation from the Bible, which says that if a man marries his brother's wife, the couple will be childless.<ref>Leviticus 20:21</ref> If she had lied when she said her marriage to Arthur had not been consummated, it meant that their marriage was wrong in the eyes of God. It is possible that the idea of annulment had suggested itself to the King much earlier than this, and it is highly probable that it was motivated by his desire for a male heir. Before Henry's father Henry VII ascended the throne, England had been beset by [[Wars of the Roses|civil warfare]] over rival claims to the English crown, and Henry may have wanted to avoid a similar uncertainty over the succession.<ref>Lacey, p.70.</ref>

It soon became the one absorbing object of the King's desires to secure an annulment.<ref>Brigden, p.114.</ref> He set his hopes upon a direct appeal to the [[Holy See]], acting independently of [[Thomas Wolsey|Thomas Cardinal Wolsey]], to whom he at first communicated nothing of his plans. [[William Knight (statesman)|William Knight]], the King's secretary, was sent to [[Pope Clement VII]] to sue for the annulment of the marriage, on the ground that the dispensing [[papal bull|bull]] of [[Pope Julius II]] was obtained by false pretenses.

As the pope was at that time the prisoner of Catherine's nephew, [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]], Knight had some difficulty in obtaining access to him. In the end the King's envoy had to return without accomplishing much. Henry had now no choice but to put his great matter into the hands of [[Thomas Wolsey]], and Wolsey did all he could to secure a decision in the King's favour.<ref name="cehen">{{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Henry VIII|Henry VIII]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}</ref> How far the pope was influenced by Charles V in his resistance, it is difficult to say, but it is clear Henry saw that the Pope was unlikely to give him an annulment from the Emperor's aunt.<ref>Morris, p.166.</ref> The pope forbade Henry to proceed to a new marriage before a decision was given in Rome. Wolsey had failed and he was dismissed from public office in 1529. He then began a secret plot to have Boleyn forced into exile and he began communication with Catherine and the Pope, to that end. When this was discovered, Henry ordered Wolsey's arrest and, had it not been for his death from a [[terminal illness]] in 1530, he might have been executed for [[treason]].<ref>Haigh p.92f</ref> A year later, Catherine was banished from court and her old rooms were given to Boleyn. When [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[William Warham]] died, the Boleyn family's chaplain, [[Thomas Cranmer]], was appointed to the vacant position.<ref name="cepop">{{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Clement VII|Clement VII]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}</ref> In November 1531, Catherine wrote to her nephew: "My tribulations are so great, my life so disturbed by the plans daily invented to further the King's wicked intention, the surprises which the King gives me, with certain persons of his council, are so mortal, and my treatment is what God knows, that it is enough to shorten ten lives, much more mine".

==Later years==
{{Aragonese House of Trastámara}}

Upon returning to [[Dover]] in England, Henry and Boleyn went through a secret wedding service.<ref>Starkey, pp. 462–464.</ref> As was the custom with royalty, there was a second wedding service, which took place in [[London]] on 25 January 1533. Events now began to move at a quick pace. On 23 May 1533, Cranmer, sitting in judgment at a special court convened at [[Dunstable Priory]] to rule on the validity of the king's marriage to Catherine, declared that marriage null and void. Five days later, on 28 May 1533, Cranmer declared the marriage of Henry and Anne to be valid.<ref>Williams, p.124.</ref>

[[Image:CatherineofAragon.jpg|left|100px|Catherine in her last years]]

Until the end of her life Catherine would refer to herself as Henry's only lawfully-wedded wife and England's only rightful Queen Consort; her faithful servants continued to address her by that title. Henry refused her the right to any title but "Dowager Princess of Wales" (in recognition of her position as his brother's widow). In 1535 she was transferred to the decaying and remote [[Kimbolton Castle]]. Confining herself to one room, leaving it only to attend Mass, she prepared to meet her end. While she was permitted to receive occasional visitors, she was forbidden to see her daughter Mary. She was also forbidden to communicate with her, but discreet sympathizers ferried secret letters between mother and daughter. Henry offered them both better quarters and the company of one another if they would acknowledge Anne Boleyn as his new Queen. Neither did.

In late December 1535, sensing death was near, she made out her [[will (law)|will]], wrote to her nephew, the Emperor [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], asking him to protect her daughter. She then penned one final letter to Henry, "my most dear lord and husband"<ref>Sharon Turner, ''The History of England from the Earliest Period to the Death of Elizabeth'' (Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green,1828)</ref>:
{{quote|My most dear lord, King and husband,

''The hour of my death now drawing on, the tender love I owe you forceth me, my case being such, to commend myself to you, and to put you in remembrance with a few words of the health and safeguard of your soul which you ought to prefer before all worldly matters, and before the care and pampering of your body, for the which you have cast me into many calamities and yourself into many troubles. For my part, I pardon you everything, and I wish to devoutly pray God that He will pardon you also. For the rest, I commend unto you our daughter Mary, beseeching you to be a good father unto her, as I have heretofore desired. I entreat you also, on behalf of my maids, to give them marriage portions, which is not much, they being but three. For all my other servants I solicit the wages due them, and a year more, lest they be unprovided for. Lastly, I make this vow, that mine eyes desire you above all things.

''Katharine the Quene.''}}

She died at [[Kimbolton Castle]], on 7 January 1536. The following day, news of her death reached the King. He and Queen Anne reportedly decked themselves in bright yellow clothing, a colour often seen by the English as signifying joy, but was also the Spanish colour of mourning. Henry and Anne showed no signs of mourning, however, and the former called for public displays of joy regarding her death. Rumours then circulated that she had been slowly poisoned by Anne or Henry. The rumours were born after the apparent discovery during her embalming that there was a black growth on her heart that might have been caused by poisoning.<ref>Lofts, p.139.</ref> Modern medical experts are in agreement that her heart's discolouration was due not to poisoning, but to cancer, something which was not understood at the time.<ref>Fraser.</ref> She was buried in [[Peterborough Cathedral]] with the ceremony due to a [[Princess of Wales|Princess Dowager of Wales]], not a Queen. Henry did not attend the funeral, nor did he allow Princess Mary to do so.

Her tomb in Peterborough Cathedral can be seen and is frequently decorated with flowers. It bears the title ''Katharine Queen of England''. Peterborough is [[Town twinning|twinned]] with the Castilian city of [[Alcalá de Henares]], her birthplace.

==Historiography==
Catherine has remained a popular biographical subject to the present day. The American historian [[Garrett Mattingly]] was the author of a popular biography ''Catherine of Aragon'' in 1942. In 1966, Katherine and her many supporters at court were the subjects of ''Catherine of Aragon and her Friends'', a biography by John E. Paul. In 1967, Mary M. Luke wrote the first book of her Tudor trilogy, ''Catherine the Queen'' which portrayed her and the controversial era of English history through which she lived.

[[Image:Peterborough Katherine of Aragon.JPG|thumb|Grave of Katherine of Aragon in Peterborough Cathedral]]

In recent years, the historian [[Alison Weir (historian)|Alison Weir]] covered her life extensively in her biography ''[[The Six Wives of Henry VIII]]'', first published in 1991. [[Antonia Fraser]] did the same in her own 1992 biography of the same title; as did the British historian [[David Starkey]] in his 2003 book ''Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII''.

In 2008, author Charity Bishop released a novel entitled "Isabella's Daughter".

===Spelling of her name===
"Catherine" is the most common modern English spelling of her name. Sixteenth century English spelled it "Katharine"; in Spanish, it had been "Catalina".<ref>''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', "Katharine of Aragon".</ref> Loveknots built into his various palaces by her husband, Henry VIII, display the initials "H&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;K". Her tomb in [[Peterborough Cathedral]] is marked "Katharine Queen of England". Katharine herself signed her name with a "K".{{Fact|date=August 2008}}

== Titles and styles ==

* 16 December 1485 &ndash; 14 November 1501: Infanta Catherine of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] and [[Crown of Aragon|Aragon]]
* 14 November 1501 &ndash; 2 April 1502: The Princess of Wales, Duchess of Cornwall, Countess of Chester <ref name="PoW">As spouse of the Prince of Wales, Catherine held the titles of Princess of Wales, Duchess of Cornwall, and Countess of Chester.</ref>
* 2 April 1502 &ndash; 11 June 1509: The Dowager Princess of Wales Dowager Duchess of Cornwall, Dowager Countess of Chester <ref name="dowager">As a widow, she was Dowager Princess of Wales, Dowager Duchess of Cornwall, and Dowager Countess of Chester.</ref>
* 11 June 1509 &ndash; 23 May 1533: ''Her Grace'' The Queen of England (Which at that time also ruled Wales and the town of Calais in France)
** c. 1519 &ndash; 23 May 1533: ''Her Majesty'' The Queen of England <ref name="majesty">Around 1519 Henry VIII decided Majesty should become the style of the Kings and Queens of England. "Majesty", however, was not used exclusively; it arbitrarily alternated with both "Highness" and "Grace", even in official documents.</ref>
* 23 May 1533 &ndash; 7 January 1536: The Dowager Princess of Wales, Dowager Duchess of Cornwall, Dowager Countess of Chester <ref name="dowager"/> <ref name="queen">Since Catherine never acknowledged the annulment of her marriage, she styled herself as Queen until her death.</ref>

==Legacy in fiction, film and television==
''Main article [[Catherine of Aragon in Popular Culture]]''

Although Catherine is often portrayed in film and on stage as having possessed the stereotypical Spanish traits of dark hair and an olive complexion, she in fact had gray or blue eyes and fair skin with reddish-blonde hair, not too unusual for many Spaniards such as those from her father's land of Aragon. Furthermore, she was part English, through her ancestors, [[Katherine of Lancaster]] (her [[namesake]] and also having red hair) and [[Philippa of Lancaster]], who were both daughters of [[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster|Prince John, Duke of Lancaster]].

*She was first portrayed on the silver screen in 1911 by [[Violet Vanbrugh]] in a short film production of [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Henry VIII (play)|Henry VIII]]''.
*Nine years later, the German actress Hedwig Pauly-Winterstein played her in the film ''Anna Boleyn''.
*Actress [[Rosalie Crutchley]] played her in ''[[The Sword and the Rose]]'' an account of [[Mary Tudor (queen consort of France)|Mary Tudor]]'s romance with the [[Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk|Duke of Suffolk]] in 1515. Crutchley later played Henry's sixth queen [[Catherine Parr]] in ''[[The Six Wives of Henry VIII (TV series)|The Six Wives of Henry VIII]].''
*It was not until 1969, in [[Hal B. Wallis]]' acclaimed film ''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]'' that she appeared again. This time she was played by the [[Greek people|Greek]] actress [[Irene Papas]].
*In a 90-minute television drama produced by the [[BBC]], British actress [[Annette Crosbie]] played the most historically-accurate version of Katherine in a piece simply entitled ''Catherine of Aragon'' as part one in the channel's series ''[[The Six Wives of Henry VIII (TV series)|The Six Wives of Henry VIII]]''. The drama began on the night she arrived in England and followed through until her early marriage to Henry VIII. It re-commenced almost a decade later, with Henry's manoeuvres to get an annulment in order to marry Anne Boleyn. The play, which co-starred the Australian actor [[Keith Michell]] as Henry VIII, Dame [[Dorothy Tutin]] as Anne Boleyn and [[Patrick Troughton]] as the Duke of Norfolk, then chronicled her life until her death in January 1536.
*In 1979 [[Claire Bloom]] played her in another adaptation of Shakespeare's play.
*In the 1973 film ''[[Henry VIII and his Six Wives]]'', [[Frances Cuka]] played her, and Keith Michell reprised his role as Henry VIII. A scene was incorporated between Frances Cuka and [[Charlotte Rampling]] (playing Anne Boleyn) to show their quiet, glacial enmity.
*It was not until 2001 that she again appeared on the screen. This time it was in Dr. [[David Starkey]]'s documentary series on Henry's queens. She was portrayed by [[Annabelle Dowler]].
*In 2003 she appeared twice on British television. In January, Spanish actress [[Yolanda Vasquez]] made a brief appearance as the character in ''The Other Boleyn Girl,'' opposite [[Jared Harris]] as Henry VIII and [[Natascha McElhone]] as [[Mary Boleyn]]. In October, the [[ITV]] two-part television drama, ''Henry VIII'' starred [[Ray Winstone]] in the title role and [[Assumpta Serna]] as the Queen. Part 1 chronicled the king's life from the birth of his [[illegitimacy|bastard]] son, [[Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset|Henry Fitzroy]] until the execution of Anne Boleyn (played by [[Helena Bonham Carter]]) in 1536. [[David Suchet]] co-starred as [[Cardinal Wolsey]].
*[[Maria Doyle Kennedy]] portrays the role in the 2007 [[Showtime]] television series ''[[The Tudors]]'' opposite [[Jonathan Rhys Meyers]] as Henry and [[Natalie Dormer]] as Anne Boleyn.
*The 2007 film adaptation of the novel ''[[The Other Boleyn Girl]]'' by [[Philippa Gregory]] stars [[Ana Torrent]] as Katherine, with [[Eric Bana]] as Henry.
*There have also been several fictionalized versions of her story, including ''Catharine of Aragon'', by historical romance author [[Jean Plaidy]], and ''[[The Constant Princess]]'', by [[Philippa Gregory]].
*Catherine is the main character of the young adult novel ''Patience, Princess Catherine'' by Carolyn Meyer.
*In The Simpsons Episode Margical History Tour, Marge Simpson tells a story about Henry VIII where she is Catherine of Aragon

==Ancestry==
<div style="clear: both; width: 100%; padding: 0; text-align: left; border: none;" class="NavFrame">
<div style="background: #ccddcc; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #667766" class="NavHead">'''Ancestors of Katherine of Aragon'''
</div>
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|1= 1. '''Katherine of Aragon''' (1485-1536)
|2= 2. [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]] (1452-1516)
|3= 3. [[Isabella I of Castile]] (1451-1504)
|4= 4. [[John II of Aragon]] (1397-1479)
|5= 5. [[Juana Enríquez]] (1425-1468)
|6= 6. [[John II of Castile]] (1405-1454)
|7= 7. [[Infanta Isabel of Portugal|Isabel of Portugal]] (1428-1496)
|8= 8. [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]] (1380-1416)
|9= 9. [[Eleanor of Alburquerque]] (1374-1435)
|10= 10. Frederick Henriques, Conde de Melgar (?-1473)<ref name="juanaenriquezparents">
{{Citation | last = Lundy | first = Darryl | title = thePeerage
| url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p10588.htm#i105871
| accessdate = 2007-10-25}}</ref>
|11= 11. Mariana de Córdoba<ref name="juanaenriquezparents"/>
|12= 12. [[Henry III of Castile]] (1379-1406)
|13= 13. [[Katherine of Lancaster]] (1372-1418)
|14= 14. [[Infante João of Portugal]] (1400-1442)
|15= 15. [[Isabella of Braganza]]
|16= 16. [[John I of Castile]] (1358-1390) (=24)
|17= 17. [[Eleanor of Aragon]] (1358-1382) (=25)
|18= 18. [[Sancho of Alburquerque]] (1342-1375)
|19= 19. [[Infanta Beatriz, Countess of Alburquerque|Infanta Beatriz of Portugal]] (c. 1347-1374)
|20= 20. Admiral Alonzo Henriques (?-1429)<ref name="Frederick Henriques, Conde de Melgar parents"/>
|21= 21. Juana González<ref name="Frederick Henriques, Conde de Melgar parents">
{{Citation | last = Lundy | first = Darryl | title = thePeerage
| url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p11347.htm#i113464
| accessdate = 2007-10-25}}</ref>
|22= 22. Diego Fernandez de Cordova (?-c. 1435)<ref name="Mariana de Córdoba parents">
{{Citation | last = Lundy | first = Darryl | title = thePeerage
| url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p329.htm#i3286
| accessdate = 2007-10-25}}</ref>
|23= 23. Inez de Toledo (?-c. 1453)<ref name="Mariana de Córdoba parents"/>
|24= 24. [[John I of Castile]] (1358-1390) (=16)
|25= 25. [[Eleanor of Aragon]] (1358-1382) (=17)
|26= 26. [[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]] (1340-1399)
|27= 27. [[Constance of Castile (1354-1394)|Constance of Castile]] (1354-1394)
|28= 28. [[John I of Portugal]] (1357-1433)
|29= 29. [[Philippa of Lancaster]] (1360-1415)<ref name="philippaoflancaster">She was the daughter
[[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]] to his first wife [[Blanche of Lancaster]], making her half-sister of Katherine of Aragon's maternal great-grandmother [[Katherine of Lancaster]], daughter of [[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]] to his second wife [[Constance of Castile (1354-1394)|Constance of Castile]].</ref>
|30= 30. [[Afonso, 1st Duke of Braganza]] (1370-1461)
|31= 31. Beatriz Pereira de Alvim (?-1420)<ref name="beatrizpereira">
{{Citation | last = Lundy | first = Darryl | title = thePeerage
| url=http://www.thepeerage.com/p11433.htm#i114328
| accessdate = 2007-10-25}}</ref>
}}</center>
</div></div>

==See also==
* [[List of English consorts]]
* [[Descendants of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon]]

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* ''Henry VIII and his Court'' by Neville Williams (1971).
* ''The Life and Times of Henry VIII'' by Robert Lacey (1972).
* ''Henry VIII'' by J. J. Scarisbrick (1972) ISBN 978-0520011304.
* ''Anne Boleyn'' by N. Lofts (1979) ISBN 0-698-11005-6.
* ''The Wives of Henry VIII'' by Lady Antonia Fraser (1992) ISBN 067973001X.
* ''English Reformations'' by Christopher Haigh (1993).
* ''Europe and England in the Sixteenth Century'' by T. A. Morris (1998).
* ''New Worlds, Lost Worlds'' by Susan Brigden (2000).
* ''Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII'' by David Starkey (2003) ISBN 0060005505.

==Further reading==
* ''The Six Wives of Henry VIII'' by Alison Weir (1991) ISBN 0802136834.
* ''Divorced Beheaded Survived: A Feminist Reinterpretation of the Wives of Henry VIII'' by Karen Lindsey (1995) ISBN 0201408236.
* ''British Kings & Queens'' by Mike Ashley (2002) ISBN 0-7867-1104-3.
* ''Henry VIII: The King and His Court'' by Alison Weir (2002) ISBN 034543708X.

==External links==
*[http://tudorhistory.org/aragon/ tudorhistory.org] - A good overview of her life, accompanied by an excellent portrait gallery
*[http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/aragon.html englishhistory.net] - An in-depth look at her life and times
*[http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/showflat.php?Cat=0&Number=365164 A geo-biography] of the Six Wives of Henry the VIII on Google Earth
*[http://www.guardian.co.uk/monarchy/story/0,,1930761,00.html Guardian unlimited], letter from her to [[Pope Clement VII]]
*http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6943310

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou | [[House of Trastámara]] |16 December|1485|7 January|1536}}
{{s-roy|en}}
|-
{{s-vac | last=[[Elizabeth of York]] }}
{{s-ttl |title = [[List of English consorts|Queen consort of England]] | years = 11 June 1509 – 23 May 1533}}
{{s-vac | next= [[Anne Boleyn]]}}
{{s-reg|en}}
|-
{{s-vac | last=[[Anne Neville]] }}
{{s-ttl | title=[[Princess of Wales]] | years= 14 November 1501 – 2 April 1502}}
{{s-vac | next=[[Caroline of Ansbach]] }}
{{s-pre}}
|-
{{s-vac|last=[[Elizabeth of York]] }}
{{s-tul |title = [[English claims to the French throne|Queen consort of France]] | years = 11 June 1509 – 23 May 1533}}
{{s-vac|next= [[Anne Boleyn]]}}
{{end}}

{{Princesses of Wales}}
{{English consort}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Katherine of Aragon
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Catalina de Aragón
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Queen Consort]] of [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]]
|DATE OF BIRTH={{birth date|df=yes|1485|12|16}}
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Alcalá de Henares]], [[Aragon]] (now [[Spain]])
|DATE OF DEATH={{death date|df=yes|1536|1|7}}
|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Kimbolton, Cambridgeshire|Kimbolton]], [[England]]
}}

[[Category:Wives of Henry VIII]]
[[Category:House of Trastamara]]
[[Category:Repudiated queens]]
[[Category:Princesses of Wales]]
[[Category:Regents of England]]
[[Category:Female regents]]
[[Category:Spanish infantas]]
[[Category:1485 births]]
[[Category:1536 deaths]]
[[Category:English people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:English people of Portuguese descent]]

{{Link FA|la}}
[[ar:كاترين من أراغون]]
[[bs:Katarina Aragonska]]
[[br:Catalina de Aragón]]
[[bg:Катерина Арагонска]]
[[ca:Caterina d'Aragó]]
[[cs:Kateřina Aragonská]]
[[cy:Catrin o Aragon]]
[[da:Katharina af Aragonien]]
[[de:Katharina von Aragón]]
[[et:Catherine Aragónist]]
[[es:Catalina de Aragón]]
[[fa:کاترین آراگن]]
[[fr:Catherine d'Aragon]]
[[gl:Catarina de Aragón]]
[[ko:아라곤의 캐서린]]
[[hr:Katarina Aragonska]]
[[it:Caterina d'Aragona]]
[[he:קתרינה, נסיכת אראגון]]
[[la:Catharina Aragonensis]]
[[hu:Aragóniai Katalin]]
[[ms:Catherine dari Aragon]]
[[nl:Catharina van Aragón]]
[[ja:キャサリン・オブ・アラゴン]]
[[no:Katarina av Aragon]]
[[pl:Katarzyna Aragońska]]
[[pt:Catarina de Aragão]]
[[ro:Catherine de Aragon]]
[[ru:Екатерина Арагонская]]
[[simple:Catherine of Aragon]]
[[sk:Katarína Aragónska]]
[[sl:Katarina Aragonska]]
[[sr:Каталина од Арагона]]
[[fi:Katariina Aragonialainen]]
[[sv:Katarina av Aragonien]]
[[th:เจ้าหญิงแคเทอรีนแห่งอารากอน]]
[[tr:Aragonlu Catherine]]
[[uk:Катерина Арагонська]]
[[zh:阿拉貢的凱瑟琳]]

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