Wilhelm Reich and Talk:Postal codes in Canada: Difference between pages

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Difference between pages)
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Buzzaz (talk | contribs)
161 edits
m Beginning of second paragraph modified to ascribe "alleged" nature of mental illnesse.
 
m Zero means rural or unincorporated
 
Line 1: Line 1:
{{GAR/link|13:32, 23 September 2008 (UTC)|page=1|GARpage=1|status=on hold }}
{{Infobox Scientist
{{ArticleHistory
|name = Wilhelm Reich
|action1=PR
|box_width = 250px
|action1date=00:40, 10 Jun 2005
|image =
|action1link=Wikipedia:Peer review/Canadian postal code/archive1
|image_width =
|action1result=reviewed
|caption =
|action1oldid=15056108
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1897|03|24}}
|birth_place = [[Dobrzanica]], [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1957|11|03|1897|03|24}}
|death_place = [[Lewisburg, Pennsylvania|Lewisburg]], [[Pennsylvania]]
|residence = [[Orgonon]], [[Rangeley (town), Maine|Rangeley]], [[Maine]],<br>[[United States]]
|citizenship = [[Austria]], [[United States]]
|field = [[Psychiatry]], [[Psychoanalysis]]
|alma_mater = [[University of Vienna]]
|known_for = [[Freudo-Marxism]], [[body psychotherapy]], [[Orgone]]
|influences = [[Sigmund Freud]], [[Karl Marx]]
|influenced = [[Alexander Lowen]], [[Fritz Perls]], [[Ronald Laing]], [[Arthur Janov]]
|footnotes =
}}


|action2=GAN
'''Wilhelm Reich''' ([[March 24]], [[1897]] – [[November 3]], [[1957]]) was an Austrian-American [[Psychiatry|psychiatrist]] and [[Psychoanalysis|psychoanalyst]].
|action2date=11:58, 11 January 2007
|action2result=listed
|action2oldid=99974155


|currentstatus=GA
Reich was a respected analyst for much of his life, focusing on character structure, rather than on individual [[Neurosis|neurotic]] symptoms.<ref name=EB>"Wilhelm Reich," ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''.</ref> He promoted adolescent sexuality, the availability of contraceptives and abortion, and the importance for women of economic independence. Synthesizing material from psychoanalysis, cultural anthropology, economics, sociology, and ethics, his work influenced writers such as [[Alexander Lowen]], [[Fritz Perls]], [[Paul Goodman (writer)|Paul Goodman]], [[Saul Bellow]], [[Norman Mailer]], [[A. S. Neill]], [[Robert Anton Wilson]] and [[William Burroughs]].<ref>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, pp. 4, 5.</ref>
|topic=Geography

}}
He was also a controversial figure who attempted to, in his words, "take the psychoanalytic process to its logical next step". He exhorted the links between social factors and the development of neuroses in people who were influenced by those factors. His attempts at what he considered "reforming the field" were largely seen as his having gone astray, and lead the psychoanalytic establishment to allege mental illness to exclude him from the ranks of respected researchers, writers, and healers - all of which he had been in the past. His work on the link between [[human sexuality]] and neuroses emphasized "[[Orgasm|orgastic potency]]" as the foremost criterion for psycho-physical health. He said he had discovered a form of energy, which he called "[[orgone]]," that permeated the atmosphere and all living matter, and he built "orgone accumulators," which his patients sat inside to harness the energy for its reputed health benefits. It was this work, in particular, that cemented the rift between Reich and the psychoanalytic establishment.<ref>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, pp. 4, 8; see also [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,868066,00.html Obituary notice for Wilhelm Reich], ''Time Magazine'', November 18, 1957.</ref>
{{Philately|class=GA|importance=Low}}

{{WikiProject Canada|class=GA|importance=Mid}}
Reich, of Jewish descent and a communist, was living in Germany when [[Adolf Hitler]] came to power. He fled to Scandinavia in 1933 and subsequently to the United States in 1939, by which time he had become an ardent anti-fascist<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.powells.com/biblio/62-9780374508845-0|title=The Mass Psychology of Fascism}}</ref>. In 1947, following a series of critical articles about orgone and his political views in ''[[The New Republic]]'' and ''[[Harper's Magazine|Harper's]]'',<ref>Frederic Wertham, ''Calling all Couriers'', The New Republic, Dec 2, 1946; Brady, Mildred Edie. ''The Strange Case of Wilhelm Reich'', The New Republic, May 26, 1947; Brady, Mildred Edie. ''The New Cult of Sex and Anarchy'', Harper's, April 1947</ref> the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) began an investigation into his claims, winning an injunction against the interstate sale of orgone accumulators. Charged with contempt of court for violating the injunction, Reich conducted his own defense, which involved sending the judge all his books to read, and arguing that a court was no place to decide matters of science. He was sentenced to two years in prison, and in August 1956, several tons of his [[Book burning|publications were burned]] by the FDA.<ref name=Time>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,868066,00.html Obituary notice for Wilhelm Reich], ''Time Magazine'', November 18, 1957.</ref> He died of heart failure in jail just over a year later, days before he was due to apply for parole.<ref name=Sharaf477>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 477.</ref>
__TOC__

Please condense the many letters which don't begin any, or begin very few, postal codes; there should only be about 10 different links from this page to subsidiary pages. Ex: A, B-D, E-G, ... [[User:Sj|+sj]][[User Talk:Sj|+]] 22:38, 2004 Mar 20 (UTC)
==Early life==
Reich was born to Leon Reich, a prosperous farmer, and Cecilia Roniger, in [[Dobrzanica]],<ref>Correct birth place according to Wilhelm Reich's military file held in [[Wien]] War Archives. (Over the years it has been erroneously listed as “Dobrzcynica”). Also written as '''Dobryanichi''' or '''Dobrjanici''' (in [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: Добряничі), and known in [[German language|German]] as Dobzau, 49ºN34' 24ºE31', a village of roughly 379 (as of 2004) in [[Lviv Oblast]] (i.e., [[Lemberg]] Oblast) near [[Peremyshliany]], now in [[Ukraine]]. [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=dobryanichi&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=32.527387,59.238281&layer=&ie=UTF8&z=4&ll=49.553726,24.521484&spn=26.691017,88.066406&t=k&om=1&iwloc=addr See location at Google Maps.] [http://64.233.179.104/translate_c?hl=en&u=http://maps.vlasenko.net/%3Fx%3D24.52509%26y%3D49.56465%26search%3Ddobrianychi A Ukrainian map of the location and surroundings]</ref> a village in [[Galicia (Central Europe)|Galicia]], then part of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Empire]]. Three years after his birth, the couple had a second son, Robert.

His father was [[Jew]]ish, but had moved away from his ethnic and religious culture and had not raised his children as Jews; Wilhelm wasn't allowed to play with [[Yiddish]]-speaking children,<ref name=Sharaf39>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 39.</ref> and as an adult did not want to be described as Jewish.<ref name=Sharaf463>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 463.</ref>

Shortly after his birth, the family moved south to a farm in Jujinetz, near [[Chernivtsi]], [[Bukovina]], where Reich's father took control of a cattle farm owned by his mother's family. Reich attributed his later interest in the study of sex and the biological basis of the emotions to his upbringing on the farm where, as he later put it, the “natural life functions” were never hidden from him.<ref>Reich, Wilhelm. “Background and scientific development of Wilhelm Reich”, ''Orgone Energy Bulletin'' V, 1953, p. 6, cited in Sharaf 1994, p. 40 and p. 488, footnote 10.</ref> Reich also spoke of witnessing the family's maid having intercourse with her boyfriend, and apparently later asking if he could “play” the part of the lover. He said that, by the time he was four years old, there were no secrets about sex for him.<ref name=Sharaf39>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 39.</ref>
{{rquote|right|'''''I had read somewhere that lovers get rid of any intruder, so with wild fantasies in my brain I slipped back to my bed, my joy of life shattered, torn apart in my inmost being for my whole life!''''' &mdash; Wilhelm Reich.<ref name=Reichpubertäet>Reich, Wilhelm. “Über einen Fall von Durchbruch der Inzestschranke in der Pubertät”, ''Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft'', VII, 1920, 222-223, cited in and translated by Sharaf 1994, p. 43 and p. 448, footnote 12.</ref>}}

He was taught at home until he was 12, when his mother committed [[suicide]] after being discovered having an affair with Reich's tutor, who lived with the family. In a report supposedly about a patient, Reich wrote about how deeply the affair had affected him, that the “joy of life [was] shattered, torn apart from my inmost being for the rest of my life!”<ref name=Reichpubertäet>Reich, Wilhelm. “Über einen Fall von Durchbruch der Inzestschranke in der Pubertät”, ''Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft'', VII, 1920, 222-223, cited in and translated by Sharaf 1994, p. 43 and p. 448, footnote 12.</ref>

Her death was particularly brutal because of the method she chose; she drank a common household cleaner, which left her in great pain for days before she died. The tutor was sent away, and Reich was left without his mother or his teacher, and with a powerful sense of guilt.<ref name=Sharaf42>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 42-46.</ref>

He was sent to the all-male Czernowitz [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]], excelling at [[Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]], and the natural sciences. It appears to have been during this period that a skin condition developed that plagued him for the rest of his life. It was diagnosed as [[psoriasis]]; Reich was given medication that contained [[arsenic]], now known to make psoriasis worse.

Reich's father was “completely broken” by his wife's suicide.<ref>Reich, Wilhelm. “Über einen Fall von Durchbruch der Inzestschranke in der Pubertät”, ''op cit'', cited in Sharaf 1994, p. 47 and p. 489, footnote 21.</ref> In or around 1914, he took out a [[life insurance]] policy, then stood for hours in a cold pond, apparently fishing, but in fact intending to commit slow suicide, according to Reich and his brother Robert.<ref name=Sharaf48>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 48.</ref> He contracted [[pneumonia]] and then [[tuberculosis]], and died in 1914 as a result of his illness; despite his insurance policy, no money was forthcoming.<ref name=Sharaf48/>

Reich managed the farm and continued with his studies, graduating in 1915 ''mit Stimmeneinhelligkeit'' (unanimous approval).
In the summer of 1915, the Russians invaded [[Bukovina]] and the Reich brothers fled to [[Vienna]], losing everything. In his ''Passion of Youth'', Reich wrote: “I never saw either my homeland or my possessions again. Of a well-to-do past, nothing was left.”<!--a page number would be helpful-->

==Studies==
[[Image:Sigmund Freud-loc.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Sigmund Freud]] and Reich met in 1919 when Reich needed literature for a [[sexology]] seminar.]]
Reich joined the Austrian Army after school, serving from 1915-18, for the last two years as a [[lieutenant]].

In 1918, when the war ended, he entered the medical school at the [[University of Vienna]]. As an undergraduate, he was drawn to the work of [[Sigmund Freud]]; the men first met in 1919 when Reich visited Freud to obtain literature for a seminar on [[sexology]]. Freud left a strong impression on Reich. Freud allowed him to start seeing analytic patients as early as 1920. Reich was accepted as a guest member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association in the summer of 1920, and became a regular member in October 1920, at the age of 23.<ref name=Sharaf58>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 58.</ref>

He was allowed to complete his six-year medical degree in four years because he was a war veteran, and received his [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] in July 1922.<ref name=bio/>

==Early career==

Reich worked in internal medicine at University Hospital, Vienna, and studied [[neuropsychiatry]] from 1922-24 at the Neurological and Psychiatric Clinic under Professor [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]].

In 1922, he set up private practice as a psychoanalyst, and became a clinical assistant, and later deputy director, at Freud's Psychoanalytic Polyclinic. He joined the faculty of the Psychoanalytic Institute in Vienna in 1924, and conducted research into the social causes of [[neurosis]]. There, he met Annie Pink,<ref>Born April 2, 1902, Vienna, died January 5, 1971, New York, [http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=ijp.052.0334a Necrological note on Dr. Annie Reich-Rubinstein in the IJP].</ref> a patient of his and later an analyst herself. They married and had two daughters, Eva<ref>Eva Reich became a doctor and applied orgonomical techniques to the care of newborns.</ref> in 1924 and Lore<ref>Lore Reich Rubin became a doctor and psychoanalyst: http://www.pitt.edu/~filmst/events/MysteryoftheOrganism.pdf</ref> in 1928. The couple separated in 1933, leaving the children with their mother. Reich's second wife, Elsa Lindenburg, was trained in [[Laban Movement Analysis|Laban movement analysis]], and was a pupil of [[Elsa Gindler]], who had started to develop a system of breathing and somatic responsiveness named Arbeit am Menschen in 1910.

===Theories===
Reich first presented the principles of his [[vegetotherapy]] in a paper on “Psychic contact and vegetative current” in August 1934 at the 13th International Congress of Psychoanalysis at [[Lucerne, Switzerland]], and went on to develop the technique between 1935 and 1940.

Reich developed a theory that the ability to feel sexual love depended on a physical ability to make love with what he called “orgastic potency”. He attempted to measure the male [[orgasm]], noting that four distinct phases occurred physiologically: first, the psychosexual build-up or tension; second, the [[tumescence]] of the [[penis]], with an accompanying “charge”, which Reich measured [[Electricity|electrically]]; third, an electrical discharge at the moment of orgasm; and fourth, the relaxation of the penis. He believed the force that he measured was a distinct type of energy present in all [[lifeform|life forms]] and later called it “orgone”.<ref name=cantwell>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newdawnmagazine.com/articles/Wilhelm%20Reich%20Scientific%20Genius%20or%20Medical%20Madman.html|title=Dr. Wilhelm Reich|accessyear=2007|accessmonthday=December 3|publisher=New Dawn Magazine|year=2004|author=Alan Cantwell, Jr., M.D.}}</ref>

He was a prolific writer for psychoanalytic journals in [[Europe]]. Originally, psychoanalysis was focused on the treatment of neurotic symptoms. Reich's ''Character Analysis'' was a major step in the development of what today would be called “[[ego]] psychology”. In Reich's view, a person's entire character, not only individual symptoms, could be looked at and treated as a neurotic phenomenon. The book also introduced Reich's theory of “body armoring”. He argued that unreleased psychosexual energy could produce actual physical blocks within muscles and [[Organ (anatomy)|organs]], and that these act as a “body armor”, preventing the release of the energy. An orgasm was one way to break through the armor. These ideas developed into a general theory of the importance of a healthy [[Human sexual behavior|sex life]] to overall well-being, a theory compatible with Freud's views.

Reich agreed with Freud that sexual development was the origin of [[mental illness]]. They both believed that most psychological states were dictated by [[Unconscious mind|unconscious]] processes; that infant sexuality develops early but is repressed, and that this has important consequences for [[mental health]]. At that time a [[Marxism|Marxist]] (''see article'' [[Freudo-Marxism]]), Reich argued that the source of sexual repression was [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] [[morality]] and the socio-economic structures that produced it. As sexual repression was the cause of the [[Neurosis|neuroses]], the best cure would be to have an active, guilt-free sex life. He argued that such a liberation could come about only through a morality not imposed by a repressive economic structure.<ref name=Daloia>D'Aloia, Alessandro. [http://www.marxist.com/scienceandtech/psychoanalysis_reich.htm “Marxism and Psychoanalysis: Notes on Wilhelm Reich’s Life and Works”], ''Marxist.com'', retrieved August 14, 2006.</ref> In 1928, he joined the [[Austria]]n [[Communist Party]] and founded the ''Socialist Association for Sexual Counseling and Research'', which organized counseling centers for workers &mdash; in contrast to Freud, who was perceived as treating only the bourgeoisie.

Reich used touch to accompany the talking cure, taking an active role in sessions, feeling his patients' chests to check their breathing, repositioning their bodies, and sometimes requiring them to remove their clothes, so that men were treated wearing shorts and women in bra and panties. These methods caused a split between Reich and the rest of the psychoanalytic community.<ref name=cantwell/>

==Fleeing Nazi Germany==
In 1930, he moved his practice to [[Berlin]] and joined the [[Communist Party of Germany]]. His best-known book, ''The Sexual Revolution'', was published at this time in Vienna. He again set up clinics in working-class areas and taught sex education, but became too outspoken even for the [[communist]]s; after his book, ''[[The Mass Psychology of Fascism]]'', was published, he was expelled from the party in 1933.

In this book, Reich categorized [[fascism]] as a symptom of sexual repression. The book was banned by the [[Nazi]]s when they came to power. He realized he was in danger and hurriedly left Germany disguised as a tourist on a ski trip to Austria. Reich was expelled from the International Psychological Association in 1934 for political militancy.<ref>According to his daughter [http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=IFP.012.0109A Lore Reich], [[Anna Freud]] and [[Ernest Jones]] were behind the expulsion of Reich. (see also [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BcXQK8oNOeE&mode=related&search= The Century of the Self]) </ref> Reich moved to Scandinavia in the early 1930s, first to [[Denmark]] where he was not allowed to settle permanently, and he then moved on to [[Sweden]], however, he only stayed there for a short time before again moving on, this time to [[Norway]] in the fall of 1934. Reich stayed in Norway five years and did much seminal research here, in the beginning under the auspices of the [[University of Oslo]], however there existed strong opposition to his work also here, which came to a head with a veritable smear campaign in late 1937 and throughout much of 1938, involving prominent authorities of the medical and psychiatric establishment. One of Reich's most fervent apologists during this period was his friend and colleague [[Ola Raknes]]. Raknes' influence on Reich has been asserted to have been considerable but mostly overlooked. Reich left Norway for the United States in the fall of 1939.

==Later career==
Reich was a respected analyst for much of his life, focusing on character structure, rather than on individual [[Neurosis|neurotic]] symptoms.<ref name=EB>"Wilhelm Reich," ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''.</ref> He promoted [[adolescent sexuality]], the availability of [[contraceptive]]s and [[abortion]], and women's economic independence.<ref name=Sharaf4>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 4.</ref> Synthesizing material from psychoanalysis, [[cultural anthropology]], [[economics]], [[sociology]], and [[ethics]], his work influenced writers such as [[Alexander Lowen]], [[Fritz Perls]], [[Paul Goodman (writer)|Paul Goodman]], [[Saul Bellow]], [[Norman Mailer]], [[A. S. Neill]], [[Robert Anton Wilson]] and [[William Burroughs]].<ref name=Sharaf5>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 5.</ref>

He was also a controversial figure, who came to be viewed by the psychoanalytic establishment as having gone astray or as having succumbed to [[mental illness]].<ref name=Sharaf4/><ref name=Sharaf8>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 8.</ref> His work on the link between [[human sexuality]] and neuroses emphasized “[[Orgasm|orgastic potency]]” as the foremost criterion for psycho-physical health. He said he had discovered a form of energy, which he called “[[orgone]],” that permeated the atmosphere and all living matter, and he built “orgone accumulators,” which his patients sat inside to harness the energy for its reputed health benefits. It was this work, in particular, that cemented the rift between Reich and the psychoanalytic establishment.<ref name=bio>[http://www.wilhelmreichmuseum.org/biography.html Biography], The Wilhelm Reich Museum, retrieved August 14, 2006.</ref><ref name=Sharaf4/><ref name=Time>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,868066,00.html Obituary notice for Wilhelm Reich], ''Time Magazine'', November 18, 1957.</ref>

In 1947, following a series of critical articles about Reich's “psychofascism”<ref>Frederic Wertham, ''Calling all Couriers'', The New Republic, Dec 2, 1946</ref> in ''[[The New Republic]]'' and his “dubious professional standing”<ref>Brady, Mildred Edie, ''The New Cult of Sex and Anarchy'', Harper's, April 1947</ref> in ''[[Harper's Magazine|Harper's]]'', the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) began an investigation into his claims, and won an injunction against the interstate sale of orgone accumulators. Charged with contempt of court for violating the injunction, Reich conducted his own defense, which involved sending the judge all his books to read, and arguing that a court was no place to decide matters of science. He was sentenced to two years in prison, and in August 1956, several tons of his [[Book burning|publications were burned]] by the FDA.<ref name=Time/><ref name=bio/> He died of heart failure in jail just over a year later, days before he was due to apply for parole.<ref name=Sharaf477>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 477.</ref>

===The bion experiments===

From 1934-37, based for most of the period in [[Oslo]], Reich conducted experiments seeking the origins of life.

He examined [[protozoa]], single-celled creatures with [[Cell nucleus|nuclei]]. He grew cultured [[Vesicle (biology)|vesicles]] using grass, sand, iron, and animal tissue, boiling them, and adding [[potassium]] and [[gelatin]]. Having heated the materials to [[incandescence]] with a heat-torch, he noted bright, glowing, blue vesicles, which, he said, could be cultured, and which gave off an observable radiant energy. This he called “orgone”. He named the vesicles “bions” and believed they were a rudimentary form of life, or halfway between life and non-life.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

When he poured the cooled mixture onto growth media, [[bacteria]] were born. Based on various control experiments, Reich dismissed the idea that the bacteria were already present in the air, or in the other materials used. Reich's ''The Bion Experiments on the Origin of Life'' was published in Oslo in 1938, leading to attacks in the press that he was a “Jew pornographer” who was daring to meddle with the origins of life.<ref name=cantwell/>

A Norwegian biologist named Kreyberg was allowed to see one of Reich's bion preparations under the microscope, and also observed that the "broth" Reich had used as his culture medium was indeed sterile. He concluded that the bacteria ''were'', in fact, ordinary [[staphylococci]], and that Reich's control measures to prevent infection from such airborne bacteria were therefore not as foolproof as Reich believed.<ref name=SharafBions>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994</ref>

===T-bacilli===

In 1936, Reich wrote that “[s]ince everything is antithetically arranged, there must be two different types of [[single-celled organism]]s: (a) life-destroying organisms or organisms that form through organic decay, (b) life-promoting organisms that form from inorganic material that comes to life.”<ref name=BeyondPsychTBacilli>Reich, Wilhelm. ''Beyond Psychology: Letters and Journals 1934-1939''. Farrar Straus & Giroux, 1994, p. 66</ref>

This idea of [[spontaneous generation]] led him to believe he had found the cause of [[cancer]]. He called the life-destroying organisms “T-bacilli“, with the T standing for ''Tod'', [[German language|German]] for [[death]]. He described in ''The Cancer Biopathy'' how he had found them in a culture of rotting cancerous tissue obtained from a local hospital. He wrote that T-bacilli were formed from the disintegration of [[protein]]; they were 0.2 to 0.5 micrometer in length, shaped like lancets, and when injected into [[mice]], they caused inflammation and cancer. He concluded that, when orgone energy diminishes in cells through aging or injury, the cells undergo “bionous degeneration” or death. At some point, the deadly T-bacilli start to form in the cells. Death from cancer, he believed, was caused by an overwhelming growth of the T-bacilli.

===Orgone accumulators and cloudbusters===

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Orgoneaccumulator.jpg|thumb|left|Reich built “orgone accumulators” to harness orgone, which he believed was responsible for emotions and sexuality. Wild rumors spread that his “sex boxes” caused uncontrollable erections.]] -->
In March 1938, [[Hitler]] [[Anschluss|annexed]] Austria. Reich's ex-wife and daughters had already left for the U.S., and in August 1939, Reich sailed out of Norway on the last boat to leave before the war began.{{Fact|date=July 2007}} He settled in [[Forest Hills, Queens|Forest Hills]], [[Queens]], and in 1946, married Ilse Ollendorf, with whom he had a son, Peter.

It was during this period, according to some researchers, that Reich appeared to suffer a breakdown. They say that he became [[Paranoia|paranoid]] and revised parts of his earlier works to remove references to Marxist theory.<ref>[http://www.marxist.com/scienceandtech/psychoanalysis_reich.htm Marxism and Psychoanalysis – Notes on Wilhelm Reich’s Life and Works<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Reich's defenders say that these revisions were minor, confined only to the English-speaking American period of his work, and were primarily sexological, clinical, or scientific in nature. Reich was one of the first of the European socialists to break ranks completely with the Communist Party; for example, in his book ''Mass Psychology of Fascism'', which he wrote after a trip to Russia, he identified communism as “Red Fascism”. His defenders say that the charge of paranoia is intended to discredit Reich's critique of Marxism. American writer [[Jim Martin (writer)|Jim Martin]] alleges that many of those who have attacked Reich's biophysical research &mdash; on the orgone accumulator, for example &mdash; were themselves [[leftist]] and [[Marxism|Marxist]].<ref name=Martin>[[Jim Martin (author)|Martin, Jim]]. ''Wilhelm Reich and the Cold War'', [[Flatland Books]], Mendocino, CA, 2000.</ref>
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:WilhelmReichcloudbuster.gif|thumb|Reich designed a “cloudbuster”, which he said could manipulate streams of orgone energy to produce rain.]] -->
In 1940, Reich built boxes called ''orgone accumulators'' to concentrate atmospheric ''[[orgone|orgone energy]];'' some were for lab animals, and some were large enough for a human being to sit inside. Reich said orgone was the “primordial cosmic energy”, blue in color, which he claimed was [[Omnipresence|omnipresent]] and responsible for such things as [[weather]], the color of the [[sky]], [[gravity]], the formation of [[galaxy|galaxies]], and the biological expressions of emotion and sexuality. Composed of alternating layers of [[ferrous metal]]s and organic [[Electrical insulation|insulators]] with a high [[dielectric constant]], his orgone accumulators had the appearance of a large, hollow [[capacitor]]. It was the construction of these boxes that caught the attention of the press, leading to wild rumors that they were “sex boxes” which caused uncontrollable [[erection]]s.<ref name=cantwell/> Based on experiments with the orgone accumulator, he argued that orgone energy was a negatively-[[entropy|entropic]] force in nature which was responsible for concentrating and organizing matter.
Reich posited a conjugate, life-annulling energy in opposition to orgone, which he dubbed Deadly Orgone or DOR. Reich claimed that accumulations of DOR played a role in [[desertification]] and designed a “[[cloudbuster]]” with which he said he could manipulate streams of orgone energy in the atmosphere to induce rain by forcing clouds to form and disperse. Reich reported observing [[Unidentified flying object|UFOs]] over [[Orgonon]], [[Maine]] and also in the [[Arizona]] skies during his drought-relief expedition into the [[American Southwest]]. Reich even claimed to have done battle with the UFOs, convinced that his “[[cloudbuster]]” could be deployed to extinguish the anomalous “stars” from the sky.

According to Reich's theory, illness was primarily caused by depletion or blockages of the orgone energy within the body. He conducted clinical tests of the orgone accumulator on people suffering from a variety of illnesses. The patient would sit within the accumulator and absorb the “concentrated orgone energy”. He built smaller, more portable accumulator-blankets of the same layered construction for application to parts of the body. The effects observed were claimed to boost the [[immune system]], even to the point of destroying certain types of tumors, though Reich was hesitant to claim this constituted a “cure”. The orgone accumulator was also tested on mice with cancer, and on plant-growth, the results convincing Reich that the benefits of orgone therapy could not be attributed to a [[placebo effect]]. He had, he believed, developed a grand unified theory of physical and mental health.<ref name=Klee>Klee, Gerald D. [http://www.mdpsych.org/SU01_gKlee.htm “What ever happened to orgone therapy?”], The Maryland Psychiatric Society, Summer 2001; Vol. 28, No. 1; Pg 13-15, retrieved August 14, 2006.</ref>

===Orgone experiment with Einstein===
[[Image:Albert Einstein Head.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Reich discussed orgone accumulators with [[Albert Einstein]] in 1941.]]
On [[December 30]], [[1940]], Reich wrote to [[Albert Einstein]] saying he had a scientific discovery he wanted to discuss, and on [[January 13]], [[1941]] went to visit Einstein in [[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]]. They talked for five hours,<ref name=Sharaf285>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. De Capo Press, 1994, p. 285.</ref> and Einstein agreed to test an orgone accumulator, which Reich had constructed out of a [[Faraday cage]] made of galvanized steel and insulated by wood and paper on the outside. Einstein agreed that if, as Reich suggested, an object's temperature could be raised without an apparent heating source, it would be “a bomb” in physics.<ref name=Brian326>Brian, Denis. 1996. ''Einstein: A Life'', John Wiley & Sons, New York, p.326.</ref> This heating effect would be an amazing result since it would allow the construction of a [[perpetual motion machine]],<ref>[http://www.infinite-energy.com/resources/faq.html#Q1 “Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About New Energy Science and Technology”], New Energy Foundation, Inc., 2003, retrieved August 14, 2006.</ref> which would violate the [[laws of thermodynamics]].<ref>[http://commons.bcit.ca/physics/rjw/pmm/text/contents.htm ''Perpetual Motion Machines'' at The British Columbia Institute of Technology]</ref>

Reich supplied Einstein with a small accumulator during their second meeting, and Einstein performed the experiment in his basement, which involved taking the temperature atop, inside, and near the device. He also stripped the device down to its Faraday cage to compare temperatures. In his attempt to replicate Reich's findings, Einstein observed a rise in temperature,<ref name=Einstein7f> “I have now investigated your apparatus (…). In the beginning I made enough readings without any changes in your arrangements. The box-thermometer showed regularly a temperature of about 0.3-0.4 higher then the one suspended freely”, Einstein's letter to Reich, February 7th, 1941, English translation, in ''The Einstein Affair'', Orgone Institute Press, 1953</ref> which according to Reich was the result of a novel form of energy&mdash;orgone energy&mdash;that had accumulated inside the Faraday cage.<ref name=Sharaf286>Sharaf, Myron. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. De Capo Press, 1994, p. 286.</ref> However, one of Einstein's assistants pointed out that the temperature was lower at the floor than that on the ceiling.<ref > “One of my assistants now drew my attention to the fact that in the room (…) the temperature on the floor is always lower than the one on the celing” Einstein to Reich, February 7th, 1941, op.cit.</ref> Following that remark, Einstein modified the experiment and, as a result, concluded that the effect was simply due to the temperature gradient inside the room.<ref >“Through these experiments I regard the matter as completely solved”. Einstein to Reich, February 7th, 1941, op.cit. </ref> He then wrote back to Reich, describing his experiments and expressing the hope that Reich would develop a more skeptical approach.<ref>“Ich hoffe, dass dies Ihre Skepsis entwickeln wird” in Einstein to Reich, February 7th, 1941, op.cit.. In English “I hope that this will develop your skepsis”. This sentence is missing in the original English translation. </ref>

Reich responded with a 25-page letter to Einstein, expressing concern that “convection from the ceiling” would join “air germs” and “Brownian movement” to explain away new findings, according to Reich's biographer, Myron Sharaf. Sharaf writes that Einstein conducted some more experiments, but then regarded the matter as “completely solved”.<ref name=Sharaf286/>

The correspondence between Reich and Einstein was published by Reich's press as ''The Einstein Affair'' in 1953, possibly without Einstein's permission.<ref name=Sharaf288>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. De Capo Press, 1994, p. 288.</ref>

==Controversy==
===The Brady article and the FDA===

Reich was investigated by the [[FBI]] when he arrived in the U.S. because he was an immigrant with a communist background. The FBI released 789 pages of its files on Reich in 2000; a [[United States Department of State|State Department]] press release stated:

<blockquote>This German immigrant described himself as the Associate Professor of Medical Psychology, Director of the Orgone Institute, President and research physician of the Wilhelm Reich Foundation and discoverer of biological or life energy. A 1940 security investigation was begun to determine the extent of Reich's communist commitments. A board of [[enemy alien|Alien Enemy]] Hearing judged that Dr. Reich was not a threat to the security of the U.S. In 1947, a security investigation concluded that neither the Orgone Project nor any of its staff were engaged in [[Subversion (politics)|subversive]] activities or were in violation of any statute within the jurisdiction of the FBI.<ref>[http://cryptome.org/fbi-spies.htm “FBI adds new subjects to electronic reading room”], U.S. State Department, March 2, 2000.</ref></blockquote>

On [[May 26]], [[1947]], an article appeared in ''[[The New Republic]]'' entitled “The Strange Case of Wilhelm Reich” by Mildred Edie Brady. The subhead was “The man who blames both neuroses and cancer on unsatisfactory sexual activities has been repudiated by only one scientific journal.”<ref name=Brady>Brady, Mildred. “The Strange case of Wilhelm Reich“, ''The New Republic'', May 26, 1947 cited in [[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 360.</ref>

Brady wrote:

<blockquote>Orgone, named after the sexual orgasm, is, according to Reich, a cosmic energy. It is, in fact, ''the'' cosmic energy. Reich has not only discovered it; he has seen it, demonstrated it and named a town — [[Orgonon]], Maine — after it. Here he builds accumulators of it which are rented out to patients, who presumably derive 'orgastic potency' from it.<ref name=Brady/></blockquote>

Sharaf writes that the implication was clear: the accumulators gave orgastic potency, the lack of which causes cancer. Therefore, the claim for the accumulators was that they cured cancer. Brady argued that the “growing Reich cult” had to be dealt with.<ref name=Sharaf361>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 361.</ref>

On July 23, Dr. J.J. Durrett, director of the Medical Advisory Division of the [[Federal Trade Commission]], wrote to the FDA asking them to look into Reich's claims about the health benefits of orgone.<ref>FDA file on Reich, cited in [[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 363 and footnote 6, p. 513.</ref> The FDA assigned an investigator named Wood to the case, who learned that Reich had built 250 accumulators; the FDA concluded that they were dealing with a “fraud of the first magnitude”.<ref>FDA file on Reich, cited in [[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 364 and footnote 11, p. 513.</ref> Sharaf writes that the FDA suspected a “sexual racket” of some kind; questions were asked about the women associated with orgonomy and “what was done with them”.<ref>Greenfield, Jerome. ''Wilhelm Reich Vs. the U.S.A.''. W.W. Norton, 1974, p. 69, cited in [[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 364 and footnote 13, p. 513.</ref>
{{rquote|right|'''''I would like to plead for my right to investigate natural phenomena without having guns pointed at me. I also ask for the right to be wrong without being hanged for it.''''' &mdash; Wilhelm Reich.<ref>Reich, Wilhelm. ''Conspiracy. An Emotional Chain Reaction'', item 386A, cited in [[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 367 and footnote 14, p. 513.</ref>}}

In November, Reich wrote in ''Conspiracy. An Emotional Chain Reaction'': “I would like to plead for my right to investigate natural phenomena without having guns pointed at me. I also ask for the right to be wrong without being [[hanging|hanged]] for it … I am angry because smearing can do anything and truth can do so little to prevail, as it seems at the moment.”<ref>Reich, Wilhelm. ''Conspiracy. An Emotional Chain Reaction'', item 386A, cited in [[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 367 and footnote 14, p. 513.</ref> Sharaf writes that Reich came to believe that Brady was a [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] acting under orders from the Communist Party, a “communist sniper“, as Reich called her.<ref name=Sharaf367>[[Myron Sharaf|Sharaf, Myron]]. ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich''. Da Capo Press, 1994, p. 367.</ref><ref>Jim Martin writes that [[Michael Straight]], a former member of the [[Cambridge Apostles]] and friend of some of those involved in the [[Cambridge Five|Soviet-Cambridge spy ring]], was the publisher of the Brady articles, and that the attack on Reich may have been prompted by Reich's turning his back on [[Marxism]]. (Martin, Jim. ''Wilhelm Reich and the Cold War'', Flatland Books, Mendocino, CA, 2000.<!--need a page number-->)</ref>

On [[February 10]], [[1954]], the [[United States Attorney|U.S. Attorney]] for [[Maine]], acting on behalf of the FDA, filed a complaint seeking a permanent [[injunction]] under Sections 301 and 302 of the [[Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act]], to prevent interstate shipment of orgone-therapy equipment and literature.<ref>[http://www.orgone.org/wr-vs-usa/wr40210a.htm COMPLAINT FOR INJUNCTION by FDA Feb 10, 1954 -part1 - - USA vs WILHELM REICH 1954-1957<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Reich refused to appear in court, apparently believing that no court was in a position to evaluate his work. In his cover letter for the response he submitted to the court, he wrote to Judge Clifford:
<blockquote>
My factual position in the case as well as in the world of science of today does not permit me to enter the case against the Food and Drug Administration, since such action would, in my mind, imply admission of the authority of this special branch of the government to pass judgment on primordial, pre-atomic cosmic orgone energy.
I, therefore, rest the case in full confidence in your hands.<ref>[http://www.orgone.org/wr-vs-usa/wr40225a.htm “Wilhelm Reich's Response to FDA's Complaint for Injunction”], February 25, 1954, posted on orgone.org.</ref></blockquote>

Because of Reich's failure to appear, Clifford granted the injunction on [[March 19]], [[1954]].<ref>[http://www.orgone.org/wr-vs-usa/wr40319d.htm DECREE OF INJUNCTION ORDER (USA vs Wilhelm Reich) by JUDGE CLIFFORD MARCH 19, 1954 - USA vs WILHELM REICH 1954-1957<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> His ruling ordered that all written materials that mentioned “orgone energy” — including papers and pamphlets, and ten of Reich's books — were to be destroyed. It further stated that additional copies of his books, including revised editions of ''The Mass Psychology of Fascism'', could not be published unless all references to “orgone energy” were deleted.

===Imprisonment and death===
<!-- This section is linked from [[Book burning]] -->
In May 1956, Reich was arrested for violation of the injunction when an associate<ref>Dr. Michael Silvert (1906-1958), born Meyer Silverzweig in Poland. He was arrested with Reich and committed suicide in 1958 when he was released from prison. http://family.silvert.org/anne/mike.htm</ref> moved some orgone-therapy equipment across a state line. Reich was charged with [[contempt of court]]. Once again, he refused to arrange a legal defense. He was brought in chains to the courthouse in [[Portland, Maine]]. Representing himself, he admitted to having violated the injunction and arranged for the judge to be sent copies of his books. He was sentenced to two years' imprisonment.

Dr. Morton Herskowitz, a fellow psychiatrist and friend of Reich's, wrote of the trial: “Because he viewed himself as a historical figure, he was making a historical point, and to make that point he had conducted the trial that way. If I had been in his shoes, I would have wanted to escape jail, I would have wanted to be free, etc. I would have conducted the trial on a strictly legal basis because the lawyers had said, 'We can win this case for you. Their case is so weak, so when you let us do our thing we can get you off.' But he wouldn't do it.”<ref>[http://www.orgonomicscience.org/memories/trial.html The Trial<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

On [[June 5]], [[1956]], FDA officials traveled to Orgonon, Reich's 200-acre (80-hectare) estate near [[Rangeley (town), Maine|Rangeley, Maine]], where they destroyed the accumulators, and on June 26, [[book burning|burned]] many of his books. On [[August 25]], [[1956]] and again on [[March 17]], [[1960]],<ref>[http://www.orgone.org/wr-vs-usa/wr40319d.htm DECREE OF INJUNCTION ORDER (USA vs Wilhelm Reich) by JUDGE CLIFFORD MARCH 19, 1954 - USA vs WILHELM REICH 1954-1957<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> the remaining six tons of his books, journals and papers were burned in the 25th Street public incinerator in New York's lower east side (Gansevoort incinerator). In March 1957, he was sent to Danbury Federal Prison, where a psychiatrist examined him, recording: “Paranoia manifested by [[Grandiose delusion|delusions of grandiosity]] and persecution and [[ideas of reference]].”<ref name=cantwell/>

Reich died in his sleep of [[heart failure]] on [[November 3]], [[1957]] in the federal penitentiary in [[Lewisburg, Pennsylvania|Lewisburg]], [[Pennsylvania]], shortly before he was due to apply for [[parole]]. Not one psychiatric or established scientific journal carried an [[obituary]]. ''[[Time Magazine]]'' noted on [[November 18]], [[1957]]:

{{Quotation|Died. Wilhelm Reich, 60, once-famed psychoanalyst, associate, and follower of Sigmund Freud, founder of the Wilhelm Reich Foundation, lately better known for unorthodox sex and energy theories; of a heart attack in Lewisburg Federal Penitentiary, Pa; where he was serving a two-year term for distributing his invention, the “orgone energy accumulator” (in violation of the Food and Drug Act), a telephone-booth-size device which supposedly gathered energy from the atmosphere, and could cure, while the patient sat inside, common colds, cancer and impotence|''Time'' magazine.<ref name=Time/>}}

Reich was buried in Orgonon. Next to the grave stands a replica of Reich's invention, the “cloudbuster”. The Wilhelm Reich Museum now sits at the top of Orgonon, in the building which housed Reich's laboratory, teaching, and psychiatric treatment facilities.

==Status of his work==


:I have actually undertaken to convert all Canadian postal code pages into tabular form. [[User:Denelson83|Denelson83]] 09:25, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)
New research journals devoted to Reich's work began to appear in the 1960s. Physicians and natural scientists with an interest in Reich organized small study groups and institutes, and new research efforts were undertaken. James DeMeo undertook research while a graduate student at the [[University of Kansas]] into Reich's atmospheric theories.<ref>DeMeo, James. “Preliminary Analysis of Changes in Kansas Weather Coincidental to Experimental Operations with a Reich Cloudbuster”, KU Geography-Meteorology Dept, Thesis, 1979.</ref> A later study by DeMeo subjected Reich's sex-economic theory to cross-cultural evaluations,<ref>DeMeo, James. “On the Origins and Diffusion of Patrism: The Saharasian Connection”, KU Geography-Meteorology Dept, Dissertation, 1986</ref> later included in DeMeo's book ''Saharasia.''<ref>DeMeo, James: “Saharasia: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence in the Deserts of the Old World. The Revolutionary Discovery of a Geographic Basis to Human Behavior”. Greensprings OR, 1986</ref>


====[[List of postal codes in Canada]] &rarr; [[Canadian postal code]]====
The scientific community regards his orgone theories as [[pseudoscience]].<ref name="Lower"> {{cite web
I have edited this article quite a bit to make it more than just a list. It describes how Canadian postal codes work in much detail now, so I do not believe it should be a "List of..." article anymore. <font color=#ba0000>Denelson83</font> 19:10, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
| url=http://www.chem1.com/CQ/wonkywater.html
| title=H20 dot con
|date=21st March 2007
| author= Steven Lower, PhD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orgone.org/wr-vs-usa/wr40319d.htm|title=DECREE OF INJUNCTION ORDER (MARCH 19, 1954)}}</ref><ref name=Gardner>{{cite book | author=Gardner, Martin | title=Fads and Fallacies in the name of Science | publisher=Dover | year=1952 | chapter=Chapter 21: Orgonomy}}</ref>.


'''SUPPORT:''' I support moving the content of the current article to [[Canadian postal code]] (Is there a formal name for the system like how we have [[ZIP Code]] in the USA??? If so, move content there. If not, [[Canadian postal code]] it is.) but given that there are several "list of __(insert country or state here)__ postal codes" articles it is a must that someone restore the the [[List of postal codes in Canada]] to actually being a ''list'' of Canadian postal codes. &mdash;[[User:ExplorerCDT|ExplorerCDT]] 05:01, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
There is some use of orgone accumulator therapy by psychotherapists in Europe, particularly in Germany.<ref>For example: Kavouras, Jorgos: “Heilen mit Orgonenergie: Die Medizinische Orgonomie”, Turm Verlag, Bietigheim, Germany, 2005; Lassek, Heiko: “Orgon-Therapie: Heilen mit der reinen Lebensenergie”, Scherz Verlag, 1997, München, Germany; Müschenich, Stefan: Der Gesundheitsbegriff im Werk des Arztes Wilhelm Reich (The Concept of Health in the Works of Wilhelm Reich, MD), med. Diss., Marburg, Görich & Weiershauser, 1995.</ref> A double-blind, controlled study of the psychological and physical effects of the orgone accumulator was carried out by Stefan Müschenich and Rainer Gebauer at the [[Philipps University of Marburg|University of Marburg]] and appeared to validate some of Reich's claims.<ref>Müschenich, Stefan & Gebauer, Rainer: ''Der Reich'sche Orgonakkumulator. Naturwissenschaftliche Diskussion, praktische Anwendung, experimentelle Untersuchung.'' Frankfurt/Main: Nexus-Verlag 1987</ref> The study was later reproduced by Günter Hebenstreit at the University of Vienna.<ref>Hebenstreit, Günter: Der Orgonakkumulator nach Wilhelm Reich. Eine experimentelle Untersuchung zur Spannungs-Ladungs-Formel. Univ. Wien, Dipl.-Arbeit, 1995</ref> [[William Steig]], [[Robert Anton Wilson]], [[Norman Mailer]], [[William S. Burroughs]], [[J. D. Salinger|Jerome D. Salinger]] and [[Orson Bean]] have all undergone Reich's orgone therapy. [[Benjamin Creme]] - founder of [[Share International]] - used this device early in his searchings for spiritual enlightenment.<ref>Creme, Benjamin. ''The Reappearance of the Christ and the Masters of Wisdom''. The Tara Press - London / Tara Center - Los Angeles, 1980, p.12.</ref> This device was used by Creme to assist him in learning to contact the so-called "ascended masters". Creme claims his primary contact today with these beings is with one known as Maitreya who is "soon" to appear as the World Teacher.
:It really is not necessary to have such an article, as the list is already split into separate lists by the first letter of the postal code. Having them all in one article would make it way too big. And besides, there are already links to those individual lists in this article, below the postal district map. The point here is that there is enough information in this article that the "List of"-type title is no longer necessary.
:And yes, we Canadians just call it a "postal code," simply sticking the word "Canadian" in front of it to disambiguate. <font color=#ba0000>Denelson83</font> 05:16, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
::* '''Comment:''' Normally, I would say that effort is sufficient, but the [[List of postal codes in Canada]] article is linked from other sites, so, it might be necessary to copy a list linking to the lists by letter? (that sounds redundant, I know). I think this is necessary only because of the linking. As to the name "Postal code" I wasn't too familiar with that part of Canadiana, as most of the websites group the Canadian postal code in with the American ZIP code and mistakenly (or inadvertantly) make people think the Canadians use a system called ZIP too. &mdash;[[User:ExplorerCDT|ExplorerCDT]] 03:52, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
::: Right now there's a list of links under the map image. An actual directory of code numbers isn't as encyclopedic as the article itself. So I would suggest moving the article to preserve its edit history. Then, the new redirect page at [[List of postal codes in Canada]] can be changed into a brief directory page to capture those incoming links, and points to the main article as well as having the map and list of links. ''&mdash;[[User:Mzajac |Michael]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Mzajac |Z.]]&nbsp;<small>2005-02-2&nbsp;20:46&nbsp;Z</small>''
::: What exactly do you mean by "sites"? As in just other pages within Wikipedia, or from external websites? <font color=#ba0000>Denelson83</font> 19:10, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)


'''Support''' ''&mdash;[[User:Mzajac |Michael]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Mzajac |Z.]]&nbsp;<small>2005-01-31&nbsp;15:41&nbsp;Z</small>''
Reich was a pioneer of [[body psychotherapy]] and several emotions-based psychotherapies, influencing [[Fritz Perls]]' [[Gestalt therapy]] and [[Arthur Janov]]'s [[primal therapy]]. (See also [[Neo-Reichian massage]]). His pupil [[Alexander Lowen]], the founder of [[bioenergetic analysis]], [[Charles Kelley]], the founder of [[Radix therapy]], and DeMeo ensure that his research receives widespread attention. Many practising psychoanalysts give credence to his theory of character, as outlined in his book ''Character Analysis'' (1933, enlarged 1949). The [[American College of Orgonomy]],<ref>[http://www.orgonomy.org The American College of Orgonomy]</ref> founded by the late Elsworth Baker M.D., and the Institute for Orgonomic Science,<ref>[http://www.orgonomicscience.org Institute for Orgonomic Science]</ref> led by Dr. Morton Herskowitz, still use Reich's original therapeutic methods.


* '''Support''' - more concise than old; '''but''' either ''Canadian postal codes'' or ''Canadian post codes'' would be better.--[[User:Daeron|Daeron]] 07:09, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Nearly all Reich's publications have been reprinted, apart from his research journals which are available as photocopies from the Wilhelm Reich Museum. The first editions are not available: Reich continuously amended his books throughout his life, and the owners of Reich's [[copyright]] actively forbid anything other than the latest revised versions to be reprinted. In the late 1960s, Farrar, Straus & Giroux republished Reich's major works.<ref>A good overview of Reich's work is ''Wilhelm Reich: The evolution of his work'' by David Boadella. A [http://www.orgonelab.org/bibliog.htm bibliography on orgonomy] gives full citations to university dissertations, and to controlled experiments replicating Reich's work on bions, the orgone accumulator, and the cloudbuster.</ref>
** We call them "postal codes" in Canada, never "post codes", which are used in the U.K. And I think the convention on article titles is to use the singular, so it should be "Canadian postal code". <font color=#ba0000>Denelson83</font> 19:01, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)


==H0H 0H0==
==Reich in popular culture==
'''Santa Claus''' Editorial comment: Canada Post's online reverse postal code lookup doesn't return a result for H0H 0H0. (Postal code data effective 2006/02/20) <small>—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[User:Robocoder|Robocoder]] ([[User talk:Robocoder|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Robocoder|contribs]]) 02:08, 15 March 2006 (UTC{{{3|}}})</small><!-- [Template:Unsigned2] -->
:That's because it's a 'reserved' code, not allocated to any location. Besides, letters addressed to Santa Claus are answered by the first Canada Post employee they reach, and they don't touch the automated sorting equipment at all. <span style="border: 2px solid #ba0000;"> [[User:Denelson83|Denelson]][[User talk:Denelson83|'''83''']] </span> 21:28, 15 March 2006 (UTC)
::I'd be interested to see further reading as to the popularity or obscurity of the Canadian address for Santa Claus outside of Canada. [[user:BigNate37|BigNate37]]<sub>[[User talk:BigNate37|T]]·[[Special:Contributions/BigNate37|C]]</sub> 02:32, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
:::I'm not sure if this link answers your question, but it does indeed state that mail does come in to the H0H 0H0 postal code from outside of Canada. [http://www.canadapost.ca/business/corporate/about/newsroom/pr/archive-e.asp?prid=962] -- <span style="border: 2px solid #ba0000;"> [[User:Denelson83|Denelson]][[User talk:Denelson83|'''83''']] </span> 03:28, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
::::Well, it was something. I'm curious whether most, say, Americans, Brits, Slavs and so forth have even heard of it, and whether they acknoledge that Santa lives in Canada or not. At any rate, the link was a good read for a bit more information. Thanks. [[user:BigNate37|BigNate37]]<sub>[[User talk:BigNate37|T]]·[[Special:Contributions/BigNate37|C]]</sub> 03:43, 26 July 2006 (UTC)


:I'd hesitate to say that H0H letters are assigned to "the first Canada Post employee they reach", but they are processed in multiple locations across Canada as Saint Nick does get an enormous quantity of seasonal mail. Perhaps the [[anycast]] concept would be the closest analogy as H0H seasonal mail goes to multiple disparite handling facilities?
<!-- Image with inadequate rationale removed: [[Image:Cloudbusting.jpg|thumb|200px|left|The cover of “[[Cloudbusting]]” by [[Kate Bush]], released in October 1985. In the video accompanying the single, Kate Bush plays Peter Reich, Reich's son, while Reich is played by [[Donald Sutherland]].<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRHA9W-zExQ “Cloudbusting” on YouTube].</ref>]] -->
:There may be other addresses in the US which have seasonal uses (although not "seasonal/reserved" per se), such as [[North Pole, Alaska]] or [[North Pole, New York]]; at one point, apparently it was not uncommon to ship a box of outbound Christmas cards to the North Pole postmaster and ask that they be sent onward with that locality's postmark? Nonetheless, much like [[Wonder Woman]] is obviously American, Santa must be a Canadian eh?... why else would he dress in the colours of the Canadian flag? :) --[[User:Carlb|carlb]] 21:55, 14 September 2007 (UTC)


=== H0A ===
Reich's life and work continue to influence [[popular culture]], with references to orgone and cloudbusting found in songs by [[Clutch (band)|Clutch]], [[Hawkwind]], [[Pop Will Eat Itself]], [[Turbonegro]], [[Bob Dylan]], and [[Patti Smith]] ("Birdland" on ''[[Horses (album)|Horses]]''). An article about the female orgasm by Reich provided the inspiration for "Little Man Within" by Welsh singer/songwriter [[Karl Wallinger]] of [[World Party]].
A [http://www.google.ca/search?q=Laval,+Qu%C3%A9bec+H0A search] for H0A finds four pages of results to indicate that there were a few of these codes (H0A 1E0, H0A 1G0) assigned to [[Laval, Quebec]] at one point. A reverse-lookup on these at canadapost.ca fails despite HOA, HOM both being listed in Canada Post's current [http://www.canadapost.ca/offerings/nps/pdf/fsa88.pdf list of FSA's]; does this mean the H0A codes existed but have since been retired?


As for H0H? As it's reserved for seasonal use, it's not on that list. --[[User:Carlb|carlb]] 21:44, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
[[Kate Bush]]'s song “[[Cloudbusting]]” describe Reich's arrest and incarceration through the eyes of Reich's son, Peter, who wrote his father's story in ''A Book of Dreams'', published in 1973.


== Good Article Review ==
The [[science fiction]] author [[Robert Anton Wilson]] wrote a play, ''[[Wilhelm Reich in Hell]]'', based on his life. This play was also published as a book with an added long introduction. A film about Reich's teachings called ''[[W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism]]'' was made in 1971 by [[Yugoslavia]]n director [[Dušan Makavejev]], and was listed by film critic Roger Ebert in his "Great Movie" series in 2007.
A short drama film about Reich by Jon East (entitled IT CAN BE DONE) was nominated for a Silver Lion at the 1999 Venice Film Festival.


From [[Wikipedia:What_is_a_good_article|What is a good article?]]:
Reich appeared in 2000 as the superhero “Orgone Lad”, a member of the League of Infinity, in ''[[Supreme (comics)|Supreme]]'' by [[Alan Moore]].


* Well-written - ''pass''
"He did ten years in Attica, reading [[Nietzsche]] and Wilhelm Reich"
*# Compelling prose, readily comprehensible to non-specialist members - one or two bits which seem a little technical, but is comprehensible (See 4th point below)
-- from the song "Joey" on the album ''Desire'' by [[Bob Dylan]].
*# Logical structure - Yes. I reordered the History section a little to address existing issues. The rest of the article is excellent in this regard.
*# Follows Wikipedia MoS - Yes. Uses Canadian English for Canadian article.
*# Necessary technical terms/jargon briefly explained or active link provided - Yes. If going for FA I'd definitely look carefully at the "Forward sortation areas" section, it needs work to make it more clear. However, it meets the lower bar set for GA.
* Factually accurate and verifiable - ''on hold''
*# Provides references to any and all sources used for material - see below
*# Citation of its sources using an acceptable form of inline citation - On hold (see outstanding issues)
*# Sources should be selected in accordance with the guidelines for reliable sources - Yes.
*# It contains no elements of original research - Issue regarding Toronto ad and NDP MP - can't find on Google or in listed sources. Otherwise, seems to satisfy WP:OR.
* Broad in coverage - yes
* NPOV - yes (it handles criticism fairly)
* Stable - yes
* Contains images - yes contains free use image uploaded by author, which is a good illustration.


Outstanding issues as of 4 January 2007:
In [[Jack Kerouac]]'s autobiographical novel ''[[On the Road]]'' written in 1951, Old Bull Lee (modelled on [[William Burroughs]]) extols the benefits of the orgone accumulator he owns and considers how it may be improved by building it from 'more organic' wood. Burroughs makes several references to Orgone energy in his own novels and essays as well.
* ''Citation of sources'' - please use [[Template:cite web|cite web]], [[Template:cite news|cite news]] or [[Template:cite book|cite book]] templates using <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> tags at the relevant point in the article, as has been done with the Santa Claus section. ''(update 9 Jan 2007 - only two to go!)''
* <s>''Original research issues'' - Can't find Toronto ad and NDP MP. Please find a [[WP:RS|reliable source]] documenting this event.</s> Fixed.
* <s>''Technical terms/jargon'' - if looking to move to FA-status later on, "Forward sortation areas" section will need looking at in this regard.</s> Recent edits appear to have addressed this point. Good work, guys!


Once these issues (first two) are addressed I'll be happy to pass it - it's a thorough and well-researched article covering the broad range of the subject. [[User talk:Orderinchaos78|Orderinchaos78]] 05:21, 4 January 2007 (UTC)
The final episode of series 5 of British tv series [[Peep_Show_(TV_series)|Peep Show]] featured two main characters becoming enamoured of a [[religious cult]] that expounded Reich's theory of orgones.


==GA Passed==
Reich is the subject, along with real estate developer [[Del Webb]], of the 2008 documentary ''Wasteland Utopias'' by filmmaker David Sherman.
All issues fixed - congratulations. Best of luck with getting this article to the next stage! [[User talk:Orderinchaos78|Orderinchaos78]] 13:18, 11 January 2007 (UTC)


== Edits to references ==
==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}


Today's edit was quite extensive and a little messy if you look at the diffs, but hasn't substantially changed the content. I added a few words here and there, but mostly I added a couple of references and standardized the existing ones in the various cite template formats. I have added changed all the references to multi-line format. I hope that hasn't offended anyone, but I find that they are much more maintainable that way. It makes it easier to find them or to read around them in the source code. Also, it makes the lines shorter, so any diffs are more readable from here on.
==Bibliography==
<div class="references-small">
{{Multicol}}
;German-language books
*''Der triebhafte Charakter : Eine psychoanalytische Studie zur Pathologie des Ich'', 1925
*''Die Funktion des Orgasmus : Zur Psychopathologie und zur Soziologie des Geschlechtslebens'', 1927
*''Dialektischer Materialismus und Psychoanalyse'', 1929
*''Geschlechtsreife, Enthaltsamkeit, Ehemoral : Eine Kritik der bürgerlichen Sexualreform'', 1930
*''Der Einbruch der Sexualmoral : Zur Geschichte der sexuellen Ökonomie'', 1932
*''Charakteranalyse : Technik und Grundlagen für studierende und praktizierende Analytiker'', 1933
*''Massenpsychologie des Faschismus'', 1933 (original Marxist edition, banned by the Nazis and the Communists)
*''Was ist Klassenbewußtsein? : Über die Neuformierung der Arbeiterbewegung'', 1934
*''Psychischer Kontakt und vegetative Strömung'', 1935
*''Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf : Zur sozialistischen Umstrukturierung des Menschen'', 1936
*''Die Bione : Zur Entstehung des vegetativen Lebens'', 1938


I have more to add to the history (including refs for some of those cloaked statements), which I will do when I get more time. [[User:Canadiana|Canadiana]] 02:58, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
;English-language books
* ''American Odyssey: Letters and Journals 1940-1947'' (posthumous)
* ''Beyond Psychology: Letters and Journals 1934-1939'' (posthumous)
* ''The Bioelectrical Investigation of Sexuality and Anxiety''
* ''The Bion Experiments: On the Origins of Life''
* ''[[The Function of the Orgasm]]'', 1942, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe
* ''The Cancer Biopathy'' (1948)
* ''Character Analysis'' (translation of the enlarged version of ''Charakteranalyse'' from 1933, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
{{Multicol-break}}
* ''Children of the Future: On the Prevention of Sexual Pathology''
* ''Contact With Space: Oranur Second Report'' (1957)
* ''Cosmic Superimposition: Man's Orgonotic Roots in Nature'' (1951)
* ''Early Writings''
:* “[[Concerning Specific Forms of Masturbation]]” (essay)
* ''Ether, God and Devil'' (1949)
* ''Genitality in the Theory and Therapy of Neuroses'' (translation of the original, unrevised version of ''Die Funktion des Orgasmus'' from 1927)
* ''The Invasion of Compulsory Sex-Morality'' (translation of the revised and enlarged version of ''Der Eindruch der Sexualmoral'' from 1932)
* ''[[Listen, Little Man!]]'' (1948, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
* ''[[The Mass Psychology of Fascism]]'' (translation of the revised and enlarged version of ''Massenpsychologie des Faschismus'' from 1933, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
* ''The Murder of Christ'' (1953)
* ''The Oranur Experiment''
* ''The Orgone Energy Accumulator, Its Scientific and Medical Use'' (1948)
* ''Passion of Youth: An Autobiography, 1897-1922'' (posthumous)
* ''People in Trouble'' (1953)
* ''Record of a Friendship: The Correspondence of Wilhelm Reich and A.S. Neill (1936-1957)''
* ''Reich Speaks of Freud'' (Interview by Kurt R. Eissler, letters, documents)
* ''Selected Writings: An Introduction to Orgonomy''
* ''Sexpol. Essays 1929-1934'' (ed. Lee Baxandall)
* ''[[The Sexual Revolution]]'' (translation of ''Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf'' from 1936, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
* ''[[The Einstein Affair]]'' (1953)
{{Multicol-end}}
</div>


==What is the <s>range</s>space of postal codes?==
==Further reading==
Under "How many postal codes are possible?" the article states what letters aren't used. However an article about a coding system should say somewhere what the theoretical and actual (in use) ranges are. What are the lowest (eg. A0A 0A0??) and highest values possible and in use? I find it interesting that A1A 1A1 appears on so many forms and templates as a fictional address, yet it is not a fictional postal code and refers to a real location according to reverse-lookup. I'd say that merits mention in this article, although it was deleted. [[User:Canuckle|Canuckle]] 21:05, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
<div class="references-small">
:A1A 1A1 is no different than any other postal code. If you create an article on one postal code, then all other postal codes would have to have articles, and that does not make any sense. -- <span style="border: 2px solid #ba0000;"> [[User:Denelson83|Denelson]][[User talk:Denelson83|'''83''']] </span> 00:18, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
{{Multicol}}
:: Hi thanks for posting a reply. Sorry for the delay as I hadn't flagged this page for watching. You didn't respond to my question. I didn't ask for an article dedicated to one postal code. I did that, had second thoughts, and felt it might more appropriately merit a mention on ''this'' article. I didn't even appeal when I noticed that the standalone article got deleted without my noticing. You argue that it is "no different" than any other. I think it is different. It is ''the'' postal code regularly used to demonstrate postal codes. For example, this article's fourth sentence and a graphic use K1A 0B1 as an example. It is arguably more common to see A1A 1A1 in this instance. Why can this article not withstand a single mention of something people see everyday, and which was reliably sourced? Also, as I asked above, could the article withstand mention of what the range of codes currently in use are? I checked the list of postal codes (very nice by the way) and if I read it correctly it is: A0A to Y0B. Looking forward to your feedback. It's a good article, I'm just trying to make a tiny addition. Cheers. [[User:Canuckle|Canuckle]] 21:35, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
* Baker, Elsworth F., ''Man In The Trap'', Macmillan, NY, 1967.
::: The thing is, there is no hard and fast "range" of postal codes. What you are referring to is the start and end of the portion of the postal code "space" that is currently in use. The postal code space starts at A0A and ends at Y9Z. I use K1A 0B1 because it is more heavily-used than A1A 1A1, and it doesn't suggest the idea of infringing on the privacy of a random person ([[WP:BEANS]]). Just because lots of other people use A1A 1A1 as a postal code example doesn't mean Wikipedia should. -- <span style="border: 2px solid #ba0000;"> [[User:Denelson83|Denelson]][[User talk:Denelson83|'''83''']] </span> 22:38, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
* [[Orson Bean|Bean, Orson]], ''[[Me And The Orgone]]'', St. Martin's Press, NY, 1971.
::::Thanks for adding the sentence about the "space" currently used. It helps laymen like myself. Thanks for pointing out ([[WP:BEANS]]). It's a well-written essay that I'll keep in mind. I'm not clear on how it might apply in this example. Software writers could use the information that A1A 1A1 is an actual postal code to avoid user errors (for instance, failure to replace the template postal code with your actual code could result in your Amazon purchase going to the wrong place I guess). I'm unclear on how or why a reader could use that information to harm oneself or others. Privacy can be an important concern. However, postal codes are public information that is easily available and relate to a general area. Saying that A1A 1A1 represents an area in Newfoundland is not like publishing a random phone number as in the [[867-5309/Jenny]] debacle. How would a resident of that area's privacy be affected by this information?. The federal gov't has stricter privacy regulations that Wikipedia, and yet Parliament uses A1A 1A1 in its look-up tool to find your MP (see [http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/index.asp?Language=E here]). Please note that I never said "replace" the Ottawa example. I said that notable organizations like the government and www.icann.org use A1A 1A1 in a way relevant to this article. That real-world use should appropriately be noted in this article, in my opinion. Do you mind if I write up a sentence and try it in the article? [[User:Canuckle|Canuckle]] 06:31, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
* Boadella, David, ''Wilhelm Reich, The Evolution Of His Work'', Henry Regnery, Chicago, 1973.
:::::You can go ahead and say in a sentence or two about how A1A 1A1 is used as an example template for a postal code, but that fact doesn't need its own article. Also, if you want to want to give your own example of a postal code, I suggest using one that starts with A9W, as codes that start with those three characters are for testing purposes only, along with A9X and A9Z. As for A1A 1A1 being used as a more widespread example, I imagine people in that postal code get slightly more than the average amount of junk mail in their boxes. -- <span style="border: 2px solid #ba0000;"> [[User:Denelson83|Denelson]][[User talk:Denelson83|'''83''']] </span> 06:48, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
* Boadella, David (ed.), ''In The Wake Of Reich'', Coventure, London, 1976.
* Brady, Mildred Edie, “The Strange Case of Wilhelm Reich”, ''New Republic'', May 26, 1947
* Brady, Mildred Edie, “The New Cult of Sex and Anarchy”, ''Harper's,'' April 1947.
* [[Robert S. Corrington|Corrington, Robert S.]], ''Wilhelm Reich: Psychoanalyst and Radical Naturalist'', Farrar, Straus and Giroux, NY, 2003
* DeMeo, James, [http://www.orgonelab.org/cart/xdemeo.htm ''The Orgone Accumulator Handbook: Construction Plans, Experimental Use and Protection Against Toxic Energy''], Natural Energy Works, Ashland, Oregon 1989.
* DeMeo, James (ed.), [http://www.orgonelab.org/cart/xpulse.htm “On Wilhelm Reich And Orgonomy” (Pulse of the Planet #4)], Natural Energy Works, Ashland, Oregon 1993.
* DeMeo, James. [http://www.orgonelab.org/cart/xdemeo.htm “Saharasia: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child-Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence, In the Deserts of the Old World”], Natural Energy Works, Ashland, Oregon 1998.
* DeMeo, James & Senf, Bernd (eds.), ''Nach Reich: Neue Forschungen zur Orgonomie: Sexualokonomie, Die Entdeckung Der Orgonenergie'' (After Reich: New Research in Orgonomy: Sex-Economy, Discovery of the Orgone Energy), Zweitausendeins Verlag, Frankfurt, 1998.
* DeMeo, James (ed.), [http://www.orgonelab.org/cart/xpulse.htm “Heretic's Notebook: Emotions, Protocells, Ether-Drift and Cosmic Life Energy, With New Research Supporting Wilhelm Reich”], Natural Energy Works, Ashland, Oregon 2002.
* Greenfield, Jerome, ''Wilhelm Reich Vs. The USA'', W.W. Norton, NY, 1974.
* Guillon, Claude, ''Pour en finir avec Reich'', Alternative diffusion, 1978.
* Herskowitz, Morton, ''Emotional Armoring: An Introduction to Psychiatric Orgone Therapy'', Transactions Press, NY 1998.
*Kendrick, William, [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9901E7D71339F930A35757C0A965948260&sec=&pagewanted=1 “The Analyst as Outsider”], a review of Myron Sharaf's ''Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich'', ''The New York Times'', April 3, 1983.
* Laska, Bernd A., [http://www.lsr-projekt.de/wrfreud.html#inhalt “Sigmund Freud contra Wilhelm Reich”] Auszug aus ''Wilhelm Reich. Bildmonographie'', Rowohlt, Reinbek 1981, 1999
* Mann, Edward, ''Orgone. Reich And Eros: Wilhelm Reich's Theory Of The Life Energy'', Simon & Schuster, NY, 1973.
* Mann, Edward & Hoffman (ed.), ''The Man Who Dreamed Of Tomorrow: A Conceptual Biography Of Wilhelm Reich'', J.P. Tarcher, 1980.
* Martin, Jim, ''Wilhelm Reich and the Cold War'', Flatland Books, Mendocino, CA, 2000.
* Meyerowitz, Jacob, ''Before the Beginning of Time'', rRp Publishers, Easton, PA 1994.
* Norris, Lance, www.lulu<!-- breaking apart link -->.com/content/734224 “Cloudhopping”, Dutchco International, 2007
* Ollendorff, Ilse, ''Wilhelm Reich: A Personal Biography'', St. Martin's Press, NY, 1969.
* Raknes, Ola, ''Wilhelm Reich And Orgonomy'', St. Martin's Press, NY, 1970; Penguin, Baltimore, 1970.
* Reich, Peter, ''A Book Of Dreams'', Harper & Row, NY, 1973.
* Ritter, Paul (ed.), ''Wilhelm Reich Memorial Volume'', Ritter Press, Nottingham, England, 1958.
* Senf, Bernd, ''Die Wiederentdeckung des Lebendigen (The Rediscovery of the Living)'', Zweitausendeins Verlag, Frankfurt, 1996.
* [[Robert Anton Wilson|Wilson, Robert Anton]], ''[[Wilhelm Reich in Hell]]'', Aires Press, 1998.
* Wyckoff, James, ''Wilhelm Reich: Life Force Explorer'', Fawcett, Greenwich, CT, 1973.
{{Multicol-break}}
*[http://www.losorgones.com.ar Los Orgones], Argentinian site of Orgonomy
*[http://www.orgonelab.org/bibliog.htm Bibliography on Orgonomy], a full listing of scholarly works on Wilhelm Reich
*[http://www.wilhelmreichmuseum.org/ Orgonon – The Wilhelm Reich Museum]
*[http://www.orgonelab.org Orgone Biophysical Research Laboratory]
*[http://www.orgonelab.org/bibliog.htm On-Line Bibliography on Orgonomy] (Includes list of [http://www.orgonelab.org/bibliogDISS.htm University Theses and Dissertations focused on Reich's work])
*[http://www.orgone.org/ PORE, Public Orgonomic Research Exchange] (Includes a [http://www.orgone.org/wrbiog/biog00.htm Biography (Timeline) of Wilhelm Reich and his Orgonomic Research])
*[http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/reich.htm Reich's FBI File]
*[http://skepdic.com/orgone.html Skeptic's Dictionary: orgone energy, Wilhelm Reich]
*[http://www.orgonelab.org/gardner.htm Response to Martin Gardner's Attack on Reich and Orgone Research in the ''Skeptical Inquirer'']
*[http://orgonomy.org/ The American College of Orgonomy]
*[http://www.datadiwan.de/magazin/dz0100e_.htm Scientific Reproduction of Reich's Biophysical Experiments]
*[http://www.rogermwilcox.name/Reich/ A Skeptical Scrutiny of the Works and Theories of Wilhelm Reich]
*[http://www.lsr-projekt.de/poly/enwr.html Wilhelm Reich within the Project LSR (“orgone forgone”)]
*[http://www.tamilnation.org/sathyam/west/reich.htm Listen, Little Man – Wilhelm Reich]
*[http://www.marxist.com/scienceandtech/psychoanalysis_reich.htm Marxism and Psychoanalysis: Notes on Wilhelm Reich's life and work]
*[http://osulibrary.orst.edu/specialcollections/coll/pauling/catalogue/pauling01_97-108.html Reference to Reich-Einstein correspondence in Oregon State University archives]
*[http://www.rainengineering.com/ A “rain engineering” service] offered by a Singaporean company based on Reich's work.
*[http://www.somatidian.com Looking at the work of Reich, Naessens, Bechamp, Rife and Enderlein with regard to disease research]
*[http://bobdylan.com/moderntimes/songs/joey.html Lyrics to “Joey” by Bob Dylan]
*[http://strider.ru/2006/12/14/40#more-40 Rare photos of Reich in Russian site]
*[http://www.boston.com/news/local/maine/articles/2007/11/02/50_years_later_supporters_promote_discredited_scientists_work/?page=2 50 years later, supporters promote discredited scientist's work]


==Franked mail==
;The Einstein experiments
*Is this the right article in which to mention the free delivery to/from MPs and others, see [http://www.canadapost.ca/personal/offerings/supplementary_services_pers/can/franked-e.asp here]? [[User:Canuckle|Canuckle]] 03:50, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
*[http://www.wilhelmreichmuseum.org/einstein.html The Einstein Affair, Orgone Institute Press, 1953]
::Probably better to put this in the [[Canada Post]] article. -- <span style="border: 2px solid #ba0000;"> [[User:Denelson83|Denelson]][[User talk:Denelson83|'''83''']] </span> 03:52, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
*Aspden, H (2001) “Gravity and its thermal anomaly: was the Reich-Einstein experiment evidence of energy inflow from the aether?”, Infinite Energy, 41:61.
:::Thanks. I did look there but a good home wasn't immediately apparent. [[User:Canuckle|Canuckle]] 16:50, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
*Bearden, T (2002) “Energy from the vacuum”, Cheniere Press, Santa Barbara, CA, pp. 333-337.
*Brian, Denis. ''Einstein: A Life'', John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996. ISBN 0-471-11459-6 Reich is discussed on pages 325-327, 382, 399.
*Clark, Ronald W. ''Einstein: The Life and Times'', New York: Avon, 1971, ISBN 0-380-01159-X Reich is on pages 689-90 of the paperback edition.
*Correa, P & Correa, A (1998, 2001) “The thermal anomaly in ORACs and the Reich-Einstein experiment: implications for blackbody theory”, Akronos Publishing, Concord, ON, Canada, ABRI monograph AS2-05.
*Correa PN & Correa AN (2001) “The reproducible thermal anomaly of the Reich-Einstein experiment under limit conditions”, Infinite Energy, 37:12.
*Mallove, E (2001) “Breaking Through: A Bombshell in Science”, Infinite Energy, 37:6.
*Mallove, E (2001) “Breaking Through: Aether Science and Technology”, Infinite Energy, 39:6.
{{Multicol-end}}
</div>


{{Talk:Canadian postal code/GA1}}
== External links==
* [http://www.wilhelmreichmuseum.org/biography.html Biography of Wilhelm Reich at the Wilhelm Reich Museum, run by the Wilhelm Reich Infant Trust]
* [http://www.wilhelm-reich-gesellschaft.de/ Wilhelm Reich Gesellschaft]
* [http://www.orgoninstitut.de/ Wilhelm Reich Orgon Institut Deutschland]
* [http://www.wilhelm-reich-akademie.de/ Wilhelm Reich Akademie]
* [http://www.guba.com/watch/2000909744 ''Man's Right to Know: The Story of Wilhelm Reich'' video on-line]
* http://reichiantherapy.net Free downloadable book and audio on the technique of Reichian therapy designed for someone to do on himself when a therapist is not available.
* [[wikilivres:Wilhelm Reich|Works by Wilhelm Reich]]
* [http://www.rogermwilcox.name/Reich A skeptical scrutiny of the works and theories of Wilhelm Reich]
* {{findagrave|11418}}


== Second digit? ==
{{wikiquote}}


The article says, "As the H0- prefix would normally signify 'a tiny village
{{Persondata}}
in Montreal'..."
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reich, Wilhelm}}
[[Category:American psychiatrists]]
[[Category:American psychologists]]
[[Category:Austrian psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Austrian psychologists]]
[[Category:Jewish American scientists]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysts]]
[[Category:Psychotherapy]]
[[Category:Philosophy of sexuality]]
[[Category:Sexologists]]
[[Category:Sex educators]]
[[Category:Orgone energy]]
[[Category:American agnostics]]
[[Category:American atheists]]
[[Category:Austrian agnostics]]
[[Category:Austrian atheists]]
[[Category:Jewish agnostics]]
[[Category:Jewish atheists]]
[[Category:The New School faculty]]
[[Category:Censorship in the United States]]
[[Category:People who emigrated to escape Nazism]]
[[Category:Austrian refugees]]
[[Category:People from Maine]]
[[Category:Deaths from cardiovascular disease]]
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:Austrian socialists]]
[[Category:American socialists]]
[[Category:American people who died in prison custody]]
[[Category:Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention]]


Why? I understand that H corresponds to Montreal, but I don't see anything
[[bs:Wilhelm Reich]]
in the article about 0 meaning "tiny village" ... or any other information
[[bg:Вилхелм Райх]]
about how to interpret the second characters. --[[User:Mike Schiraldi|Mike Schiraldi]] ([[User talk:Mike Schiraldi|talk]]) 06:55, 11 October 2008 (UTC)
[[ca:Wilhelm Reich]]
:The second character being a zero means a rural area or unincorporated community. -- <span style="border: 1px solid #ba0000;"> [[User:Denelson83|Denelson]][[User talk:Denelson83|'''83''']] </span> 07:06, 11 October 2008 (UTC)
[[cs:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[de:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[et:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[es:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[eo:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[fa:ویلهلم رایش]]
[[fr:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[hr:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[io:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[it:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[he:וילהלם רייך]]
[[hu:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[la:Gulielmus Reich]]
[[nl:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[ja:ヴィルヘルム・ライヒ]]
[[no:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[nn:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[oc:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[pl:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[pt:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[ru:Райх, Вильгельм]]
[[simple:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[sr:Вилхелм Рајх]]
[[fi:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[sv:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[tr:Wilhelm Reich]]
[[uk:Райх Вільгельм]]

Revision as of 07:06, 11 October 2008

Good articlePostal codes in Canada has been listed as one of the Geography and places good articles under the good article criteria. If you can improve it further, please do so. If it no longer meets these criteria, you can reassess it.
Article milestones
DateProcessResult
June 10, 2005Peer reviewReviewed
January 11, 2007Good article nomineeListed
Current status: Good article
WikiProject iconPhilately GA‑class Low‑importance
WikiProject iconThis article is within the scope of WikiProject Philately, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of philately and stamp collecting on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.PhilatelyWikipedia:WikiProject PhilatelyTemplate:WikiProject PhilatelyPhilately articles
GAThis article has been rated as GA-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.
LowThis article has been rated as Low-importance on the project's importance scale.
WikiProject iconCanada GA‑class Mid‑importance
WikiProject iconThis article is within the scope of WikiProject Canada, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of Canada on Wikipedia. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks.CanadaWikipedia:WikiProject CanadaTemplate:WikiProject CanadaCanada-related articles
GAThis article has been rated as GA-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.
MidThis article has been rated as Mid-importance on the project's importance scale.

Please condense the many letters which don't begin any, or begin very few, postal codes; there should only be about 10 different links from this page to subsidiary pages. Ex: A, B-D, E-G, ... +sj+ 22:38, 2004 Mar 20 (UTC)

I have actually undertaken to convert all Canadian postal code pages into tabular form. Denelson83 09:25, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

List of postal codes in Canada → Canadian postal code

I have edited this article quite a bit to make it more than just a list. It describes how Canadian postal codes work in much detail now, so I do not believe it should be a "List of..." article anymore. Denelson83 19:10, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)

SUPPORT: I support moving the content of the current article to Canadian postal code (Is there a formal name for the system like how we have ZIP Code in the USA??? If so, move content there. If not, Canadian postal code it is.) but given that there are several "list of __(insert country or state here)__ postal codes" articles it is a must that someone restore the the List of postal codes in Canada to actually being a list of Canadian postal codes. —ExplorerCDT 05:01, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)

It really is not necessary to have such an article, as the list is already split into separate lists by the first letter of the postal code. Having them all in one article would make it way too big. And besides, there are already links to those individual lists in this article, below the postal district map. The point here is that there is enough information in this article that the "List of"-type title is no longer necessary.
And yes, we Canadians just call it a "postal code," simply sticking the word "Canadian" in front of it to disambiguate. Denelson83 05:16, 31 Jan 2005 (UTC)
  • Comment: Normally, I would say that effort is sufficient, but the List of postal codes in Canada article is linked from other sites, so, it might be necessary to copy a list linking to the lists by letter? (that sounds redundant, I know). I think this is necessary only because of the linking. As to the name "Postal code" I wasn't too familiar with that part of Canadiana, as most of the websites group the Canadian postal code in with the American ZIP code and mistakenly (or inadvertantly) make people think the Canadians use a system called ZIP too. —ExplorerCDT 03:52, 2 Feb 2005 (UTC)
Right now there's a list of links under the map image. An actual directory of code numbers isn't as encyclopedic as the article itself. So I would suggest moving the article to preserve its edit history. Then, the new redirect page at List of postal codes in Canada can be changed into a brief directory page to capture those incoming links, and points to the main article as well as having the map and list of links. —Michael Z. 2005-02-2 20:46 Z
What exactly do you mean by "sites"? As in just other pages within Wikipedia, or from external websites? Denelson83 19:10, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

Support —Michael Z. 2005-01-31 15:41 Z

  • Support - more concise than old; but either Canadian postal codes or Canadian post codes would be better.--Daeron 07:09, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)
    • We call them "postal codes" in Canada, never "post codes", which are used in the U.K. And I think the convention on article titles is to use the singular, so it should be "Canadian postal code". Denelson83 19:01, 3 Feb 2005 (UTC)

H0H 0H0

Santa Claus Editorial comment: Canada Post's online reverse postal code lookup doesn't return a result for H0H 0H0. (Postal code data effective 2006/02/20) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Robocoder (talk • contribs) 02:08, 15 March 2006 (UTC)

That's because it's a 'reserved' code, not allocated to any location. Besides, letters addressed to Santa Claus are answered by the first Canada Post employee they reach, and they don't touch the automated sorting equipment at all.  Denelson83  21:28, 15 March 2006 (UTC)
I'd be interested to see further reading as to the popularity or obscurity of the Canadian address for Santa Claus outside of Canada. BigNate37T·C 02:32, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
I'm not sure if this link answers your question, but it does indeed state that mail does come in to the H0H 0H0 postal code from outside of Canada. [1] --  Denelson83  03:28, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
Well, it was something. I'm curious whether most, say, Americans, Brits, Slavs and so forth have even heard of it, and whether they acknoledge that Santa lives in Canada or not. At any rate, the link was a good read for a bit more information. Thanks. BigNate37T·C 03:43, 26 July 2006 (UTC)
I'd hesitate to say that H0H letters are assigned to "the first Canada Post employee they reach", but they are processed in multiple locations across Canada as Saint Nick does get an enormous quantity of seasonal mail. Perhaps the anycast concept would be the closest analogy as H0H seasonal mail goes to multiple disparite handling facilities?
There may be other addresses in the US which have seasonal uses (although not "seasonal/reserved" per se), such as North Pole, Alaska or North Pole, New York; at one point, apparently it was not uncommon to ship a box of outbound Christmas cards to the North Pole postmaster and ask that they be sent onward with that locality's postmark? Nonetheless, much like Wonder Woman is obviously American, Santa must be a Canadian eh?... why else would he dress in the colours of the Canadian flag? :) --carlb 21:55, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

H0A

A search for H0A finds four pages of results to indicate that there were a few of these codes (H0A 1E0, H0A 1G0) assigned to Laval, Quebec at one point. A reverse-lookup on these at canadapost.ca fails despite HOA, HOM both being listed in Canada Post's current list of FSA's; does this mean the H0A codes existed but have since been retired?

As for H0H? As it's reserved for seasonal use, it's not on that list. --carlb 21:44, 14 September 2007 (UTC)

Good Article Review

From What is a good article?:

  • Well-written - pass
    1. Compelling prose, readily comprehensible to non-specialist members - one or two bits which seem a little technical, but is comprehensible (See 4th point below)
    2. Logical structure - Yes. I reordered the History section a little to address existing issues. The rest of the article is excellent in this regard.
    3. Follows Wikipedia MoS - Yes. Uses Canadian English for Canadian article.
    4. Necessary technical terms/jargon briefly explained or active link provided - Yes. If going for FA I'd definitely look carefully at the "Forward sortation areas" section, it needs work to make it more clear. However, it meets the lower bar set for GA.
  • Factually accurate and verifiable - on hold
    1. Provides references to any and all sources used for material - see below
    2. Citation of its sources using an acceptable form of inline citation - On hold (see outstanding issues)
    3. Sources should be selected in accordance with the guidelines for reliable sources - Yes.
    4. It contains no elements of original research - Issue regarding Toronto ad and NDP MP - can't find on Google or in listed sources. Otherwise, seems to satisfy WP:OR.
  • Broad in coverage - yes
  • NPOV - yes (it handles criticism fairly)
  • Stable - yes
  • Contains images - yes contains free use image uploaded by author, which is a good illustration.

Outstanding issues as of 4 January 2007:

  • Citation of sources - please use cite web, cite news or cite book templates using <ref></ref> tags at the relevant point in the article, as has been done with the Santa Claus section. (update 9 Jan 2007 - only two to go!)
  • Original research issues - Can't find Toronto ad and NDP MP. Please find a reliable source documenting this event. Fixed.
  • Technical terms/jargon - if looking to move to FA-status later on, "Forward sortation areas" section will need looking at in this regard. Recent edits appear to have addressed this point. Good work, guys!

Once these issues (first two) are addressed I'll be happy to pass it - it's a thorough and well-researched article covering the broad range of the subject. Orderinchaos78 05:21, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

GA Passed

All issues fixed - congratulations. Best of luck with getting this article to the next stage! Orderinchaos78 13:18, 11 January 2007 (UTC)

Edits to references

Today's edit was quite extensive and a little messy if you look at the diffs, but hasn't substantially changed the content. I added a few words here and there, but mostly I added a couple of references and standardized the existing ones in the various cite template formats. I have added changed all the references to multi-line format. I hope that hasn't offended anyone, but I find that they are much more maintainable that way. It makes it easier to find them or to read around them in the source code. Also, it makes the lines shorter, so any diffs are more readable from here on.

I have more to add to the history (including refs for some of those cloaked statements), which I will do when I get more time. Canadiana 02:58, 23 January 2007 (UTC)

What is the rangespace of postal codes?

Under "How many postal codes are possible?" the article states what letters aren't used. However an article about a coding system should say somewhere what the theoretical and actual (in use) ranges are. What are the lowest (eg. A0A 0A0??) and highest values possible and in use? I find it interesting that A1A 1A1 appears on so many forms and templates as a fictional address, yet it is not a fictional postal code and refers to a real location according to reverse-lookup. I'd say that merits mention in this article, although it was deleted. Canuckle 21:05, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

A1A 1A1 is no different than any other postal code. If you create an article on one postal code, then all other postal codes would have to have articles, and that does not make any sense. --  Denelson83  00:18, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
Hi thanks for posting a reply. Sorry for the delay as I hadn't flagged this page for watching. You didn't respond to my question. I didn't ask for an article dedicated to one postal code. I did that, had second thoughts, and felt it might more appropriately merit a mention on this article. I didn't even appeal when I noticed that the standalone article got deleted without my noticing. You argue that it is "no different" than any other. I think it is different. It is the postal code regularly used to demonstrate postal codes. For example, this article's fourth sentence and a graphic use K1A 0B1 as an example. It is arguably more common to see A1A 1A1 in this instance. Why can this article not withstand a single mention of something people see everyday, and which was reliably sourced? Also, as I asked above, could the article withstand mention of what the range of codes currently in use are? I checked the list of postal codes (very nice by the way) and if I read it correctly it is: A0A to Y0B. Looking forward to your feedback. It's a good article, I'm just trying to make a tiny addition. Cheers. Canuckle 21:35, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
The thing is, there is no hard and fast "range" of postal codes. What you are referring to is the start and end of the portion of the postal code "space" that is currently in use. The postal code space starts at A0A and ends at Y9Z. I use K1A 0B1 because it is more heavily-used than A1A 1A1, and it doesn't suggest the idea of infringing on the privacy of a random person (WP:BEANS). Just because lots of other people use A1A 1A1 as a postal code example doesn't mean Wikipedia should. --  Denelson83  22:38, 25 May 2007 (UTC)
Thanks for adding the sentence about the "space" currently used. It helps laymen like myself. Thanks for pointing out (WP:BEANS). It's a well-written essay that I'll keep in mind. I'm not clear on how it might apply in this example. Software writers could use the information that A1A 1A1 is an actual postal code to avoid user errors (for instance, failure to replace the template postal code with your actual code could result in your Amazon purchase going to the wrong place I guess). I'm unclear on how or why a reader could use that information to harm oneself or others. Privacy can be an important concern. However, postal codes are public information that is easily available and relate to a general area. Saying that A1A 1A1 represents an area in Newfoundland is not like publishing a random phone number as in the 867-5309/Jenny debacle. How would a resident of that area's privacy be affected by this information?. The federal gov't has stricter privacy regulations that Wikipedia, and yet Parliament uses A1A 1A1 in its look-up tool to find your MP (see here). Please note that I never said "replace" the Ottawa example. I said that notable organizations like the government and www.icann.org use A1A 1A1 in a way relevant to this article. That real-world use should appropriately be noted in this article, in my opinion. Do you mind if I write up a sentence and try it in the article? Canuckle 06:31, 1 June 2007 (UTC)
You can go ahead and say in a sentence or two about how A1A 1A1 is used as an example template for a postal code, but that fact doesn't need its own article. Also, if you want to want to give your own example of a postal code, I suggest using one that starts with A9W, as codes that start with those three characters are for testing purposes only, along with A9X and A9Z. As for A1A 1A1 being used as a more widespread example, I imagine people in that postal code get slightly more than the average amount of junk mail in their boxes. --  Denelson83  06:48, 1 June 2007 (UTC)

Franked mail

  • Is this the right article in which to mention the free delivery to/from MPs and others, see here? Canuckle 03:50, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
Probably better to put this in the Canada Post article. --  Denelson83  03:52, 10 July 2007 (UTC)
Thanks. I did look there but a good home wasn't immediately apparent. Canuckle 16:50, 10 July 2007 (UTC)

GA Reassessment

This discussion is transcluded from Talk:Canadian postal code/GA1. The edit link for this section can be used to add comments to the reassessment.

This article has been reviewed as part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Good articles/Project quality task force in an effort to ensure all listed Good articles continue to meet the Good article criteria. In reviewing the article, I have found there are some issues that may need to be addressed, listed below. I will check back in seven days. If these issues are addressed, the article will remain listed as a Good article. Otherwise, it may be delisted (such a decision may be challenged through WP:GAR). If improved after it has been delisted, it may be nominated at WP:GAN. Feel free to drop a message on my talk page if you have any questions, and many thanks for all the hard work that has gone into this article thus far.

  • There is a dead link in the References, #17.[2]
  • An active link has been found for this. ww2censor (talk) 21:49, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
  • There is also an error with Ref #18, which together with the dead link above leaves the Santa Claus section uncited.
  • There are now 3 active links for this section added back in September. ww2censor (talk) 21:49, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
  • The Components of a postal code section is entirely uncited.
  • The lead is a sentence or two on the short side, and could do a better job of summarising the article I think.
  • This may be an artefact introduced by the various recent changes made to the cite templates, but the format of dates in the References section is now inconsistent.

--Malleus Fatuorum (talk) 13:42, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

    • Sufficient work has now been done to this article to allow me to close this review as a keep. --Malleus Fatuorum 13:49, 1 December 2008 (UTC)

Second digit?

The article says, "As the H0- prefix would normally signify 'a tiny village in Montreal'..."

Why? I understand that H corresponds to Montreal, but I don't see anything in the article about 0 meaning "tiny village" ... or any other information about how to interpret the second characters. --Mike Schiraldi (talk) 06:55, 11 October 2008 (UTC)

The second character being a zero means a rural area or unincorporated community. --  Denelson83  07:06, 11 October 2008 (UTC)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Reich&oldid=244526870"