AREDS

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The Age-Related Eye Disease Study ( AREDS ) -  study of age-related eye diseases  - is a clinical study funded by the American National Eye Institute to provide insights into the risk factors, the natural course of the disease, and the prognosis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts . Among other things, the effect of high-dose antioxidants (vitamins C, E, beta-carotene) and zinc was examined. A total of 4,757 people aged 55 to 80 took part in the study; the average observation time was 6.3 years.

Results

The administration of high-dose antioxidants and zinc reduces the likelihood of progression of AMD (formation of a neovascularization membrane) by 25% and reduces the likelihood of vision loss by 19%. The development of a cataract was not affected. Accordingly, the NEI recommends AMD risk patients to "consider" taking the so-called AREDS formula (500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 15 mg beta-carotene, 80 mg zinc as zinc oxide and 2 mg copper as copper oxide). Smokers and former smokers should be aware that beta-carotene may increase their risk of developing lung cancer .

A retrospective evaluation showed that a higher proportion of lutein and omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids in the diet has a significant inverse correlation with the development of intermediate or advanced AMD. To verify these findings, the AREDS II study was carried out from 2006 to 2012. The study examined whether an additional dose of high-dose omega-3 (EPA / DHA 650/350 mg) and lutein / zeaxanthin (10/2 mg) changed the likelihood of developing or progressing AMD. The results of the multicenter study with 4203 participants were published in May 2013. Accordingly, the addition of carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids to the AREDS formula does not further reduce the risk of AMD progression, but lutein / zeaxanthin could be a suitable substitute for β-carotene for (even former) smokers.

The Cochrane Reviews confirm the results of the AREDS study: “Taking antioxidant vitamins plus zinc probably slows down the progression to late AMD and vision loss (moderate-certainty evidence).” In addition, the studies analyzed criticized the fact that the factors quality of life and costs were not taken into account which was put into perspective by a profitability analysis. According to this, patients with advanced AMD (AREDS category 4) have a better quality of life and lower treatment costs compared to those who do not receive AREDS supplementation.

literature

  • A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial of High-Dose Supplementation With Vitamins C and E, Beta Carotene, and Zinc for Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Vision Loss: AREDS Report No. 8. In: Archives of Ophthalmology. Volume 119, No. 10, 2001, ISSN  0093-0326 , pp. 1417-1436, doi: 10.1001 / archopht.119.10.1417 , PMID 11594942 . Results.
  • Potential Public Health Impact of Age-Related Eye Disease Study Results: AREDS Report No. 11. In: Archives of Ophthalmology. Vol. 121, No. 11, 2003, pp. 1621-1624, doi: 10.1001 / archopht . 121.11.1621 , PMID 14609922 . Epidemiology.
  • The Relationship of Dietary Carotenoid and Vitamin A, E, and C Intake With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Case-Control Study: AREDS Report No. 22. In: Archives of Ophthalmology. Volume 125, No. 9, 2007, pp. 1225-1232, doi: 10.1001 / archopht.125.9.1225 . Lutein.
  • John Paul SanGiovanni, Emily Y. Chew, Elvira Agrón, Traci E. Clemons, Frederick L. Ferris, Gary Gensler, Anne S. Lindblad, Roy C. Milton, Johanna M. Seddon, Ronald Klein, Robert D. Sperduto: The Relationship of Dietary ω-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake With Incident Age-Related Macular Degeneration: AREDS Report No. 23. In: Archives of Ophthalmology. Vol. 126, No. 9, 2008, pp. 1274-1279, doi: 10.1001 / archopht.126.9.1274 . Omega 3.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The AREDS Formulation and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. ( February 2, 2009 memento on the Internet Archive ) National Eye Institute, accessed January 17, 2012
  2. ↑ The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) Research Group: Lutein + Zeaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Age-Related Macular Degeneration. In: JAMA. 309, 2013, p. 2005, doi: 10.1001 / jama.2013.4997 .
  3. ↑ Evans JR, Lawrenson JG; Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration (Review) , Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , July 2017 In: Promacula.at Retrieved on: April 18, 2019
  4. ↑ Lee AY, Butt T, Chew E, et al .: Cost-effectiveness of age-related macular degeneration study supplements in the UK: combined trial and real-world outcomes data In: Promacula.at Retrieved on: April 13, 2019