Abutment

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Abutment is a term from dentistry that describes the connecting part ( mesostructure ) between a dental implant (which is a tooth root replacement) and the prosthetic restoration (the visible tooth crowns ). It forms the sensitive transition through the peri-implant soft tissue, the gum line , to the oral cavity and to the implant superstructure, with which periointegration is to be achieved. Abutments are usually made of titanium , aluminum oxide ceramic or zirconium dioxide ceramic . They can be constructed as detachable or conditionally or unconditionally detachable connections.

Classification

Custom-made abutments on a plaster model
Ceramic abutment
Healing abutments on dental implants

Implant abutments can be classified according to the type of manufacture. A distinction is made between prefabricated, cast-on or press-fit abutments and CAD / CAM implant abutments. Prefabricated abutments are offered in various sizes, shapes and angles, as well as versions that can or cannot be grinded. One-piece implants have integrated abutments.

The abutments produced using the CAD / CAM process can be individually adapted to the given situation, both in terms of the axis inclination and the shape. The design of the emergence profile and the elimination of the difficult removal of excess cement in cement-retained restorations are advantageous.

Tooth-colored abutments offer advantages in the aesthetic zone, the anterior tooth area , if the abutment surface should be exposed.

Other uses

Abutments can be used as screw connections for bar connections or screw- fixed crowns, as spherical head anchors , locators or magnetic assemblies for the fixation of dental prostheses .

protective cap

An abutment is also understood to mean a protective cap or a healing cap which closes the implant during the healing time and ensures a circular adaptation of the gingival margin.

Root cap

Under abutments also be rootcaps understood that with a root post in the tooth root are anchored and serve as retaining elements for dentures.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ J. Schweiger, F. Beuer et al., Modern Paths to Implant Abutment , ZM, 20/2012
  2. ↑ ID Zinner, PE Reid u. a .: Fabrication of maxillary overdenture supported by custom waxed and cast locator abutments: case report. In: The New York state dental journal. Volume 79, Number 1, January 2013, pp. 19-22, ISSN  0028-7571 . PMID 23513543 .