Old Russian calendar

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Annual cycle ( zodiac ), 17./18. century
Traditional calendar in Belarus, 17th century

Old Russian calendar was the name for different calendars in old Russia and the Kievan Rus .

history

Little information is available about the calendars of the early civilizations in the East Slavic area. The division was mainly based on the moon ( mesjaz for month was derived from the moon ). But there were also festivals at the summer and winter solstice (e.g. forerunner of the festival Iwan Kupala ). The beginning of the year was in March after the first full moon in spring.

The Byzantine calendar was adopted in the Kievan Rus probably since the late 10th century with the Christianization. This corresponded to the Julian calendar and counted since the assumed creation of the world on September 1, 5508 BC. The Kiev calendar, on the other hand, did not start counting the year until March 1st and thus six months later ( March style ). Since the 13th century, the beginning of the respective year has been set to half a year before the Byzantine (ultra-march style). In 1492 the beginning of the year was postponed to September 1st.

In 1699, Tsar Peter I changed the annual accounts to those after the birth of Christ as in Central and Western Europe and postponed the beginning of the year to January 1st. August 31, 7208 was followed by January 1, 1700. The revolutionary leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin adapted the calendar to the Gregorian style in 1918 , and January 31 was followed by February 14, 1918. The Russian Orthodox Church has remained unchanged to this day Julian calendar feast.

From 1929 to 1940, a revolutionary calendar was in effect in the Soviet Union , which first consisted of a 5-day week, then a 6-day week.

See also

literature

  • Karla Günther-Hielscher, Helmut Wilhelm Schaller, Victor Glötzner: Real and non-fiction dictionary on Old Russian . Ed .: Ekkehard Kraft. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 1995, ISBN 978-3-447-03676-4 , p. 156 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See last Алексеев С. В .: Реконструкция праславянской обрядности: календарные обычаи . In: Научные труды московского гуманитарного университета. Издательство Московского гуманитарного университета. 3/2013. Pp. 21-40