Am Säumarkt 4 (Schwäbisch Hall)
The historical building at Säumarkt 4 in Schwäbisch Hall goes back to a historical Johanniter chapel.
description
The building at Säumarkt 4 is a gable-independent two-storey half - timbered building with a gable roof . The left half of the house is built with a vaulted cellar.
history
In the high Middle Ages, there was a different development on the Säumarkt than today. The animal market held there is at least as old as the Schwäbisch Haller Jacobimarkt , so it can be traced back to the time when the Jacobi Church was founded around 1050. In the high Middle Ages there were various buildings to handle the animal market, of which essentially nothing is left today. Among other things, a building for the market court must have existed, another building for the weighing master is documented several times. The documents also tell of a Johanniter chapel on the Säumarkt, the exact location of which, however, similar to the other medieval market buildings, was impossible for a long time before structural investigations in 2003 located the remains of the chapel in the house at Am Säumarkt 4.
The chapel was an eaves-standing stone building with no basement on the Säumarkt. It was probably built around 1200 and was looked after by the Order of St. John , who was also given the management of the city hospital at the same time . Similar to how the hospital church served the religious needs of the pilgrims, the chapel on the Säumarkt will have been available to the passing cattle traders. As a chapel, the building may have existed until about the first half of the 14th century. The care of the chapel fell to the city in 1317/19 like the hospital, the spiritual use was probably canceled at the same time as the hospital church in 1323. Until the 16th century there were no documents about the future fate of the chapel. Presumably it was initially used as a warehouse or as a building for the balance master, whose seat has not yet been located in any of the surrounding buildings.
The results of the 2003 study provide information about the structural changes. The building with a basement to the left of the chapel must have burned down between 1480 and 1510. Presumably the chapel was also affected by this fire, because during the reconstruction both plots were combined and built over with a larger, eaves-side house, in which the cellar of the burned down neighboring building and the foundations of the chapel were included. In the south-west corner of the current building there are still remnants of the old walls of the chapel, to the north (over the old cellar) and to the east (previously undeveloped) the building has been greatly expanded.
A Volmar Schneck appears as the owner of the building in 1513, the epitaph of which was in the Michaelskirche until the 19th century . Schneck died in 1527 as a respected citizen and wealthy trader at the age of 64 and was probably also the builder of the current building. It is not known whether he was also the previous owner of the burned down neighboring building. In the 16th century, the Schneck family mainly traded in spices . The house on Säumarkt was the seat of their trading house, which existed until the Thirty Years' War . The remainder of the company was taken over by Andreas Opitz in 1662, who mainly traded in salt. Since Opitz was based in Blockgasse, he probably only took over the Schnecks goods and contacts, but not their building. In 1712 the house at Säumarkt 4 belonged to the carpenter Johann Heinrich Traub. At the latest he had the building rebuilt according to his needs, so that a workshop was set up in the rear (eastern) half instead of the warehouse that was probably there earlier. His great-grandson Georg Heinrich Traub owned the building in 1827.
The last renovation of the building took place around 1920. Today's entrance was built in the south-west corner, and wall relics of the earlier chapel were lost. A bricked-up inscription stone found during the construction work with a text fragment on Jacob's legend was handed over to the historical association for its collection in the Gräterhaus , but at that time was still ignored for the building history of the house on Säumarkt, as it was only believed to be a bricked-up spoil that was not originally located in the building.
When the owners of the building at that time carried out a renovation of the heating systems on the ground floor in 2003, further inscription stones emerged in the extraordinarily strong walls between the hallway and the living rooms. An investigation initiated by the State Monuments Office revealed evidence of high medieval masonry in the south-west area of the house as well as a walled up early Gothic door gable, so that the chapel and its possible dimensions, which were previously only known, could be reconstructed from the relics.
Individual evidence
- ^ Hansmartin Decker-Hauff: The beginnings of the Jacobi market in Hall. In: Schwäbische Heimat 7, 1956, pp. 93–97, here p. 94.
- ^ Eduard Krüger: The monastery church of St. Jakob in Schwäbisch Hall. In: Württembergisch-Franken NF 26/27, pp. 233-258, here p. 235.
- ↑ Klaus Herbers and Dieter Bauer: The Jacobus cult in southern Germany. Cultural history from a regional and European perspective. Tübingen 1995, p. 121.
- ↑ Gerd Wunder: Personal memorials of the Michaelskirche in Schwäbisch Hall, Schwäbisch Hall 1987, pp. 69–70.
- ↑ Gerd Wunder: The citizens of Hall, research from Württembergisch Franken Vol. 16, Sigmaringen 1980, p. 92.
- ↑ http://www.schwaebischhall.de/buergerstadt/geschichte/haeuserlexikon/gebaeudeververzeichnis.html?Detail=448
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′ 51.1 ″ N , 9 ° 44 ′ 12.2 ″ E