Record type
Sentence type (also sentence type , sentence mode ) describes as a linguistic technical term the distinction between sentence forms according to their typical communicative function (their purpose of action, their (superficial) illocutive function or the expressed speech act ).
In particular, a sentence can be used to make a statement, express a request (an order, a request) or ask a question. A distinction is therefore made between
- the propositional clause ( declarative clause , constative clause , assertion clause ),
- the interrogative sentence ,
- the prompt phrase or command phrase ( imperative phrase).
Some grammarians expand the range of sentence modes
- the exclamation sentence (exclamative sentence),
- the desired sentence (desiderative sentence, optional sentence)
A distinction must be made between the (superficial) grammatical sentence form and the current illocutive function of a sentence. For example, a question mark can be used to issue an order.
In any case, the term type of sentence represents a division that aims at the connection to these pragmatic functions; the term is therefore only related to main clauses. Grammatical sentence forms, on the other hand, can also be distinguished in subordinate clauses ; there are also embedded interrogative clauses (indirect questions).
literature
- Duden - The grammar. 8th edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim 2009 (§1387 ff .: The types of sentences).
- Helmut Glück (Ed.): Metzler Lexicon Language. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Metzler, Weimar 2000, ISBN 3-476-01519-X .
- Jörg Meibauer: Pragmatics. 2nd Edition. Stauffenburg, Tübingen 2008 (Chapter 6: Record type and record mode).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The term sentence type is used as a generic term for core sentence, clamping sentence and front sentence, as in Kessel / Reimann: Basic knowledge of German contemporary language. Fink, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 3-8252-2704-9 , p. 5.
- ↑ For example in Duden, spelling and grammar - made easy (2007), p. 183.
- ↑ So in the Duden grammar 2009, §1387.