Austin Flint sound

The Austin-Flint murmur is a diastolic heart murmur that can occur with aortic regurgitation . The noise occurs middiastolic to presystolic and can be auscultated loudest above the apex of the heart (punctum maximum). The auscultation finding can be difficult to distinguish from that of mitral stenosis .

According to a widespread theory, which has also been supported by echocardiography , the vibration of the anterior cusp (cuspis anterior) of the mitral valve as a result of the impact of the aortic regurgitation-related blood flow (regurgitation jet) is the cause of the Austin-Flint sound, but other proposed mechanisms can also be one Role-play. The impingement of the regurgitation jet on the endocardium of the left ventricle was also shown with imaging methods and made responsible for the Austin Flint sound.

The diagnostic value of the noise is unclear.

The auscultation finding was discovered by the American doctor Austin Flint in 1859 and described in 1862.

literature

Eric J. Topol (Ed.): Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, ISBN 0-7817-7012-2 , p. 223.
PS Rahko: Doppler and echocardiographic characteristics of patients having an Austin Flint murmur. In: Circulation . Volume 83, Number 6, June 1991, pp. 1940-1950, ISSN 0009-7322 . PMID 2040046 .
RA Weir, HJ Dargie: Images in clinical medicine. Austin flint murmur. In: The New England journal of medicine . Volume 359, Number 10, September 2008, p. E11, ISSN 1533-4406 . doi: 10.1056 / NEJMicm072437 . PMID 18768939 . (With video of the impinging blood stream on the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve.)

Individual evidence

↑ Eric J. Topol (Ed.): Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006, ISBN 0-7817-7012-2 , p. 223.
↑ E. Erdmann: Clinical Cardiology. Springer, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-16480-4 , p. 443.
↑ PS Rahko: Doppler and echocardiographic characteristics of patients having an Austin Flint murmur. In: Circulation . Volume 83, Number 6, June 1991, pp. 1940-1950, ISSN 0009-7322 . PMID 2040046 .
↑ Paulo R. Benchimol-Barbosa, Cesar AS Nascimento, Nathalia Rangel Rocha, Rodolpho AS Hermanson: Austin Flint murmur re-visited. In: International Journal of Cardiology . 128, 2008, pp. 296-297, doi: 10.1016 / j.ijcard.2007.06.102 .
^ S. Emi, N. Fukuda, T. Oki, A. Iuchi, T. Tabata, K. Kiyoshige, T. Fujimoto, K. Manabe, S. Ito: Genesis of the Austin Flint murmur: relation to mitral inflow and aortic regurgitant flow dynamics. In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Volume 21, Number 6, May 1993, pp. 1399-1405, ISSN 0735-1097 . PMID 8473648 .
↑ J. Oshinski, R. Franch, M. Baron, R. Pettigrew: Images in cardiovascular medicine. Austin Flint murmur. In: Circulation. Volume 98, Number 24, December 1998, pp. 2782-2783, ISSN 0009-7322 . PMID 9851968 .
↑ JS Landzberg, PW Pflugfelder, MM Cassidy, NB Schiller, CB Higgins, MD Cheitlin: Etiology of the Austin Flint murmur. In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology . Volume 20, Number 2, August 1992, pp. 408-413, ISSN 0735-1097 . PMID 1634679 .
↑ TO Babu, SM Kymes, SM Carpenter Fryer: Eponyms and the diagnosis of aortic regurgitation: what says the evidence? In: Annals of Internal Medicine . Volume 138, Number 9, May 2003, pp. 736-742, ISSN 1539-3704 . PMID 12729428 . (Review).
^ A. Flint: On cardiac murmurs. In: American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 44, 1862, pp. 29-54.
↑ G. Sternbach, J. Varon: Austin Flint: on cardiac murmurs. In: The Journal of emergency medicine. Volume 11, Number 3, May-June 1993, pp. 313-315, ISSN 0736-4679 . PMID 8340588 .

[topol-1] Eric J. Topol (Ed.): Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006, ISBN 0-7817-7012-2 , p. 223.

[2] E. Erdmann: Clinical Cardiology. Springer, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-642-16480-4 , p. 443.

[3] PS Rahko: Doppler and echocardiographic characteristics of patients having an Austin Flint murmur. In: Circulation . Volume 83, Number 6, June 1991, pp. 1940-1950, ISSN 0009-7322 . PMID 2040046 .

[4] Paulo R. Benchimol-Barbosa, Cesar AS Nascimento, Nathalia Rangel Rocha, Rodolpho AS Hermanson: Austin Flint murmur re-visited. In: International Journal of Cardiology . 128, 2008, pp. 296-297, doi: 10.1016 / j.ijcard.2007.06.102 .

[5] S. Emi, N. Fukuda, T. Oki, A. Iuchi, T. Tabata, K. Kiyoshige, T. Fujimoto, K. Manabe, S. Ito: Genesis of the Austin Flint murmur: relation to mitral inflow and aortic regurgitant flow dynamics. In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Volume 21, Number 6, May 1993, pp. 1399-1405, ISSN 0735-1097 . PMID 8473648 .

[6] J. Oshinski, R. Franch, M. Baron, R. Pettigrew: Images in cardiovascular medicine. Austin Flint murmur. In: Circulation. Volume 98, Number 24, December 1998, pp. 2782-2783, ISSN 0009-7322 . PMID 9851968 .

[7] JS Landzberg, PW Pflugfelder, MM Cassidy, NB Schiller, CB Higgins, MD Cheitlin: Etiology of the Austin Flint murmur. In: Journal of the American College of Cardiology . Volume 20, Number 2, August 1992, pp. 408-413, ISSN 0735-1097 . PMID 1634679 .

[8] TO Babu, SM Kymes, SM Carpenter Fryer: Eponyms and the diagnosis of aortic regurgitation: what says the evidence? In: Annals of Internal Medicine . Volume 138, Number 9, May 2003, pp. 736-742, ISSN 1539-3704 . PMID 12729428 . (Review).

[9] A. Flint: On cardiac murmurs. In: American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 44, 1862, pp. 29-54.

[10] G. Sternbach, J. Varon: Austin Flint: on cardiac murmurs. In: The Journal of emergency medicine. Volume 11, Number 3, May-June 1993, pp. 313-315, ISSN 0736-4679 . PMID 8340588 .