Autoscopy
Autoscopy describes various phenomena of seeing oneself. This initially implies the (often quite surprising) self-perception as a real person when you hear yourself in the context of an audio recording or see yourself in a video recording and can observe your own behavior, body language, dealing with others, etc. from the outside. See also perception and appearance .
Description and differentiation
The term also refers to other phenomena:
- A doppelganger experience is a symptom of various psychiatric illnesses in which the perceiving person experiences a doppelganger as a hallucination .
- With a mirror hallucination (heautoscopy), a perception of one's own body occurs outside of one's own person, whereby the latter acts as a second identical person and at the same time the movements and actions of the hallucinatory image are felt on one's own body. The hallucinatory form is experienced, even if it looks different from the essential form of the hallucinating person. The second person can be experienced as a companion, mirror image or part of an entire scene.
- In the case of an out-of- body perception , the perception takes place in a second body that sees the actual body at rest. This describes the impression of stepping out of the body and looking down at yourself (out-of- body experience ) or seeing your own body in front of you.
Autoscope experiences were often reported by the clinically dead and later resuscitated. To date, there has been very little scientific research into this phenomenon. Autoscopy could u. a. in connection with epileptic seizures and vascular brain damage. Blanke et al. described phenomenological, neurological and neuroanatomical correlates of autoscopic symptoms in six patients in 2004 in order to develop a testable hypothesis about the underlying neural mechanisms for the first time.
Differentiation according to Blanke and Heydrich:
| Doppelganger experience | Out of body experience | Mirror hallucination | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self localization | Centered in the physical body , stable | Centered in the illusory body, stable | Centered in the physical body or illusory body, unstable |
| Self identification | With physical body | With an illusory body | With physical or illusory body |
| Viewer | Centered in the physical body, stable | Centered in the illusory body, stable | Centered in the physical body or illusory body, unstable |
| Observer | Two-dimensional image of your own body, face or upper body | Three-dimensional image of one's entire body | Three-dimensional image of one's entire body |
| Liveness of what is felt | low | high | high |
| if there is a lesion in the brain | bilateral , occipital , temporal | right, temporal, parietal | left, temporal, parietal |
See also
- Capgras syndrome (a very rare syndrome in which the person concerned believes that close people have been replaced by identical-looking doppelgangers )
literature
- F. Anzellotti, V. Onofrj, V. Maruotti, L. Ricciardi, R. Franciotti, L. Bonanni, A. Thomas, M. Onofrj: Autoscopic phenomena: case report and review of literature. In: Behavioral and brain functions: BBF. Volume 7, number 1, January 2011, p. 2, doi : 10.1186 / 1744-9081-7-2 , PMID 21219608 , PMC 3032659 (free full text) (review).
- C. Mohr, O. Blanke: The demystification of autoscopic phenomena: experimental propositions. In: Current psychiatry reports. Volume 7, Number 3, June 2005, pp. 189-195, PMID 15935132 (review), PDF .
- Markus Steffens, Michael Grube: On the phenomenology of heautoscopy ; Psychiatric Practice 2001; 28 (04): 189-192; DOI: 10.1055 / s-2001-13263
Individual evidence
- ↑ D. Arenz: Heautoscopy doppelganger phenomenon and rare hallucination of one's own form , Nervenarzt (2001) 72: 376. doi: 10.1007 / s001150050767
- ↑ Markus Steffens, Michael Grube: On the phenomenology of heautoscopy ; Psychiatric Practice 2001; 28 (04): 189-192; DOI: 10.1055 / s-2001-13263
- ↑ O. Blanke, T. Landis, L. Spinelli & M. Seeck: Out ‐ of ‐ body experience and autoscopy of neurological origin . In: Brain . 127 (2), 2004, pp. 243-258, PDF .
- ↑ Blanke, Heydrich, 2013, quoted in Dianna T. Kenny: God, Freud and Religion. Routledge, 2015, ISBN 978-1-317-64966-3 , p. 39 ( limited preview in Google book search); Original Distinct illusory own-body perceptions caused by damage to posterior insula and extrastriate cortex PDF file .