Example

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Bîspel or Bîschaft (from Middle High German bîspil , which means so much in NHG, such as In-narrative or the to-Told ) are short exemplary tales, image and sense allegorically juxtapose. It is a text form of the high Middle Ages that found its way into the works of many authors. For example in the didactic writings of the knitter . He raised the bîspel to an independent literary genre in the middle of the 13th century .

There is a wide reception of texts from the beginning of the genre around 1230 to the late 15th century. The Vienna manuscript 2705 contains 117 pieces, the oldest representative corpus of Bîspeln.

Structure and shape

The Bîspel is thematically very open. Mostly it deals with love , marriage and gender relations, but it can also express social and time criticism. Bîspel are often integrated into larger didactic works as independent internal units. The typical characteristics of a bîspel include an engraved form, end- rhymed pairs of rhymes , and a relatively short range of 8 to 500 verses.

Due to its two-part text structure, the Bîspel differs from a verse narration . First, a curious incident is told in the picture part. It is kept relatively short and is based on the previous knowledge of the recipient. In the subsequent exposition, the heterodiegetic narrator generalizes the fictional situation and transfers it to an outsourced sphere of comparison. History and teaching are brought into harmony on this. A semantic transfer takes place during the transition from the basic sphere to the comparison sphere . The narrator's teaching is applied to a familiar situation, giving it a new meaning. The interpretation assumes that the audience brings their own horizon of knowledge and experience into the process of understanding. It must therefore have extensive knowledge of social structures with their cultural characteristics. Particularly in shorter examples, evident, highly conventionalized example cases are presented.

In the research literature it is repeatedly referred to in various places that the reconstruction of the original meaning of the medieval story is very difficult for the recipient of the modern age. The reason for this is the lack of semantic basics, knowledge of the culture and common conventions of the respective audience.

Relation to other literary genres

The Bîspel is very similar in its structure and its intended effect to the moral-exemplary mare . The representation of a drastic event should serve as a deterrent example. Most of the time the story is about a figure of low class who behaves incorrectly. The guilty party is punished and ridiculed by society as a result of his act. As with the moral vacillation, the example is mainly negative examples from the bourgeois / rural milieu. Other related forms are the song poetry , the reasoning and the secular didactic speech, as it occurs in Freidank . Freidank was a traveling cleric who worked in southern Germany at the beginning of the 13th century. The bîspel differs from the heroic epic poetry, which is written in stanzas , and from the much longer courtly novel with 3000 to 5000 verses.

literature

  • Eduard Neumann: Example. In: Werner Kohlschmidt u. a. (Ed.): Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturgeschichte. Volume 1. de Gruyter, Berlin 1958, ISBN 3-110-17252-6 , lines 178f.
  • Franz-Josef Holznagel: Tamed Fictionality. On the poetics of the Reimpaarbispel. In: Emilio González (Ed.): Die Kleinepik des Strickers. Texts, genre traditions and problems of interpretation - Philological studies and sources, Volume 199. Schmidt, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-503-07983-1 , pp. 47–71.
  • Gerhard Köpf (Ed.): Fairy Poetry. Metzler, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-476-10166-5 .
  • Michael Schilling: The Poetics of Communicativity in the Knitter's Smaller Rhyming Texts. In: Emilio González (Ed.): Die Kleinepik des Strickers. Texts, genre traditions and problems of interpretation. Philological studies and sources, Volume 199. Schmidt, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-503-07983-1 , pp. 28-46.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eduard Neumann: Bîspel. In: Werner Kohlschmidt u. a. (Ed.): Reallexikon der deutschen Literaturgeschichte. Volume 1. de Gruyter, Berlin 1958, lines 178f.
  2. ↑ Franz-Josef Holznagel: Tamed Fictionality. On the poetics of the Reimpaarbispel. In: Emilio González (Ed.): Die Kleinepik des Strickers. Texts, genre traditions and problems of interpretation. Philological studies and sources, Volume 199. Schmidt, Berlin 2006, p. 47. Cf. Gerhard Köpf (Hrsg.): Märendichtung. Metzler, Stuttgart 1978, pp. 89f.
  3. ↑ Holznagel, p. 49ff.
  4. ↑ Holznagel, p. 55ff.
  5. ↑ Michael Schilling: The Poetics of Communicativity in the Knitter's Smaller Reimpaartexte. In: Emilio González (Ed.): Die Kleinepik des Strickers. Texts, genre traditions and problems of interpretation. Philological studies and sources, Volume 199.Schmidt, Berlin 2006, p. 41.
  6. ↑ Holznagel, p. 65.
  7. ↑ Holznagel, p. 57.
  8. ↑ Köpf, pp. 36–39.