Baby talk

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Under Baby Talk or motherese ( pronunciation : [ mʌðəɹiːz ]; . English ), fachsprachlich Infant-directed speech, inaccurate and Ammensprache, child or baby talk or colloquially "Mutterisch" or "Elterisch" called, refers to a variety of a language that preferentially used against infants and young children . Baby Talk is an established term in child language research for a cross-cultural phenomenon as a form of universal speech acting . The term secondary baby talk was derived from this for the use of language, which is used in particular by nursing staff towards older people and people in need of care.

properties

According to Barbara Zollinger , Baby Talk or Motherese has a communicative and language-learning function that supports language acquisition . It is characterized by imitation and expansion, interaction-promoting questions, here and now conversations, syntactic simplicity, an attention- generating prosody and intonation as well as a reduced pace of speech . Recent studies also show that babies learn to speak faster this way.

According to Jürgen Dittmann , nurse language is characterized by "high pitch, clear speaking, exaggerated sentence melody, pauses between the individual phrases, emphasis on particularly important words, repetitions and avoidance of complicated sentences" ( Dittmann 2002 ) and is - possibly with missing modifications like one high voice - also used with foreigners , the mentally handicapped , old people and (smaller) pets .

It is mainly characterized by an articulation that is exaggerated compared to standard language , which can make the segmentation of the speech stream into distinctive units more transparent for the child, for example by raising the pitch and exaggerating the deflections of the pitch in the course of the pitch. Complex syntactic structures are avoided and vocabulary is reduced. It is also possible for the speakers to adapt to the child's linguistic performance in various aspects, e.g. B. take up the syllable duplication.

On the other hand, some experts also support the thesis that pronounced Motherese inhibits children in their natural urge to get to know the world of adults and its language. The use of "baby language" by adults is therefore not an unlimited universal .

literature

  • Anna Winner: Small children take the floor . Cornelsen, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-589-24522-2 .
  • M. Papoušek: The importance of musical elements in early communication between parents and children. In: Social pediatrics in practice and clinic. 3, No. 9, 1981, pp. 412-415.
  • M. Papoušek, H. Papoušek, D. Symmes: The meanings and melodies in motherese in tone and stress languages. In: Infant Behavior and Development. 14, 1991, pp. 415-440.
  • M. Papoušek: From the first cry to the first word. Beginnings of language development in prelinguistic communication. Huber Publishing House, Bern 1994.
  • H. Papoušek, M. Papoušek: Symbol formation, emotion regulation and social interaction. In: W. Friedlmeier, M. Holodynski (ed.): Emotional development. Function, regulation and socio-cultural context of emotions. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 1999, pp. 135–155.

Web links

Wiktionary: Nurse's language  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wiktionary: baby language  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Broadcast Leonardo - Science and more from October 19, 2017 , 5'58 ″, WDR 5
  2. ^ Els Oksaar : Language acquisition. In: Hans Peter Althaus, Helmut Henne, Herbert Ernst Wiegand (eds.): Lexicon of German linguistics. 2nd, completely revised and enlarged edition. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1980, ISBN 3-484-10390-6 , p. 436.
  3. ↑ Johannes Volmert: Basic Course Linguistics - An Introduction to Linguistics for Teacher Training Courses . Uni-Taschenbücher S, UTB Stuttgart, p. 230, ( online in Google books )
  4. ↑ Caja Thimm: Age - Language - Gender: Linguistic and communication-scientific perspectives on old age. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / New York 2000, ISBN 3-593-36468-9 , p. 120, online on Google books
  5. ↑ Barbara Zollinger 1994, The Discovery of Language, ISBN 978-3-258-07619-5 . P. 48 ff.
  6. ^ Antje Kühn: First language acquisition and earlier foreign language acquisition. (PDF; 123 kB), p. 5/6.
  7. ↑ ANJA BRAUN: Study: Baby language helps learn to speak. SWR-Wissen, February 6, 2020, accessed on August 21, 2020 .
  8. ↑ Jürgen Dittmann: Language acquisition of the child. Course and disorders. CH Beck Verlag, 2002, p. 28, ( online in Google books )
  9. ↑ Martin Dornes : The soul of the child. Origin and development. 2006.