Tree (barrier)
In Berlin, a tree was used to describe the pile structures with a narrow passage through the river, which were built in the second half of the 13th century as part of the city fortifications in the area of the Spree. In order to prevent ships from passing through without paying the duty, the passage was closed at night by a floating beam (the tree) with iron nails. The professional handling of the floating tree was carried out by the so-called tree closer. At the point where the Spree flowed into the city, the ship lock was called Oberbaum and at the point where the river left the city again, Unterbaum.
history
Oberbaum
The first upper tree was built at the point where the city wall reached the Spree and connected the Berlin side with Neu-Cölln . After the expansion of the city into a fortress , the Oberbaum connected Bastion VIII (Stralauer Bollwerk) in Berlin with Bastion VII (Köpenicker Bastion) in Neu-Cölln. In 1703 a wooden yoke bridge with a movable passage through the ship, the so-called block bridge (later the orphan bridge ), was built next to the upper tree . With the expansion of the city and the construction of the excise wall, the Oberbaum was relocated upriver in 1724 to the place of the newly built wooden Jochbrücke (today's Oberbaumbrücke ).
The street Am Oberbaum , the Oberbaum City and the Oberbaum Bridge are named after the Oberbaum in Friedrichshain .
Under tree
The first sub-tree was roughly at the location of today's Friedrichsbrücke . After the expansion of the city into a fortress, the lower tree connected Bastion XII (Spandau Bastion) in Berlin with Bastion XIII (Lustgarten Bollwerk) in Cölln . Here, too, a wooden bridge was built in 1703 with a movable passage as a passage, the Great Pomeranzenbrücke. With the construction of the excise wall, the substructure was moved downstream to the Schönhauser Graben to the Tiergarten Bridge, which has existed there since 1709, roughly where the Kronprinzenbrücke is today.
The Unterbaumstrasse is still reminiscent of the Unterbaum .
With the removal of the excise wall in the middle of the 19th century, the upper and lower trees were also eliminated.
literature
- Eckhard Thiemann: Berlin bridge stories . Jaron Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-89773-582-8 , p. 14ff
- Gernot Ernst and Ute Laur-Ernst: The city of Berlin in printmaking 1570-1870 . Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86732-055-9 , Vol. 2, pp. 48, 56, 61
- Helmut Zschocke: The Berlin excise wall: the penultimate wall in the city . Berlin Story Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3-929829-76-1 , pp. 20f, 132