Structural loads
Structural loads are all loads that are introduced by a building into the underlying subsurface. They therefore represent the sum of all loads on a building.
The structural loads are divided into:
- permanent loads (dead load, earth pressure, water pressure )
- variable loads (from use, traffic, snow, ice, wind, temperature, variable water pressure, subsoil)
- extraordinary effects (shock)
- Earthquake effects
The loads ( forces ) from the actions are called characteristic values Fk . For all these loads, separate partial safety values must be taken into account, with which the characteristic values are then to be multiplied. This results in the rated values (design values) Fd . The static and geotechnical calculations are then carried out with the rated values and thus the required parameters (forces and stresses) of the stability Ed of a building are determined.
In comparison, the forces that can be absorbed by the various building materials are introduced as characteristic forces Xk . These forces are also subject to partial safety factors and are referred to as design values, design values Xd . Taking into account the geometric shape data, the design values of the load capacity Rd result.
The effect of the load is now compared with the possible resistance. It is required that the effect of the loads must be less than the load-bearing capacity of the materials.
literature
- Wendehorst Bautechnische number tables, Wetzell, 33rd edition 2009, Vieweg + Teubner and Beuth
- DIN EN 1991-1-1; Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 1-1, weights, area loads, live loads
- DIN EN 1991-1-4; Eurocode 1: Actions on structures part 1-4, wind loads, wind pressure, wind forces
- DIN EN 1991-1-3; Eurocode 1: Actions on structures part 1-3, snow load, snow load zone