Soil yield theory
The pure soil yield theory is a forestry theory founded by Max Preßler from 1858 , according to which the highest possible yield should be achieved with the forest area.
In his book Der Rationelle Waldwirth and his Silviculture of the Highest Yield , first published in 1858, Pressler demanded that the type of wood and rotation time should be optimized in such a way that the capital interest calculated according to the so-called Faustmann land yield value formula drawn up by Martin Faustmann in 1849 is maximized, with a target return of 3% assumed.
From this approach it emerged that the most advantageous form of silviculture in the assumed sense is the model of a “normal forest” with a strictly regular age-class ratio , pure stands and clear-cutting operations . Spruce and pine turned out to be the “most profitable types of wood” .
The influence of this model was immense in the following decades and was reflected in the extensive stands of spruce and pine monoculture that still exist today .
The theory of soil yields soon arose bitter opponents who contradicted the purely capital-oriented approach and postulated the goal of striving for the maximum value of the timber stock, solid forest rent and simultaneous forest security in a balanced form. This position was formulated primarily in Karl Gayer's doctrine of pure forest yield . Nevertheless, until the 1920s, the theory of pure soil yield was able to maintain a dominant position, especially at the forest science institutes.
As far as the practical implementation was concerned, most of the state forest administrations showed themselves reluctant to negative, especially in Prussia and Bavaria, only in Saxony was the postulated model temporarily implemented without reservation.
literature
- Martin Faustmann: Calculation of the value of what forest soil and not yet manageable forest stands have for forest management. In: Allgemeine Forst- und Jagd-Zeitung 12/1849. Pp. 441-455.
- Karl Hasel , Ekkehard Schwartz : Forest history. A floor plan for study and practice . 2nd updated edition. Kessel, Remagen 2002, ISBN 3-935638-26-4
- Max Robert Pressler: The Rational Waldwirth and his silviculture of the highest yield. 2 vols. Türk, Dresden 1858, 1859