Body Integrity Identity Disorder

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Among body integrity identity disorder (German: body integrity identity disorder ), short form BIID , refers to the need of a human being, his body or a sense to vary, in a form which is viewed from outside as disability.

A related phenomenon is xenomelia , "the oppressive feeling that one or more limbs of one's body do not belong to one's self."

Symptoms

The often overwhelming need to amputate one or more limbs or to sever the spinal cord or to suspend another function (hearing, vision) and thus the real body in harmony with the paraplegia, deafness, blindness, etc. perceived as "correct" is experienced bring. Some sufferers bind z. B. hold your arm behind your back because you find it annoying.

However, it is difficult for people with BIID to realize their needs through a surgical procedure carried out by a doctor.

Since the affected people need to adapt their real body to the disrupted body scheme, Michael First established the term Body Integrity Identity Disorder . The disorder has not yet found its way into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . However, it went to the DSM Task Force, which proposed adding it to a new area that includes unexplored or very rare diseases. Inclusion in the next version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems has been rejected. The reasons were the insufficient number of people affected, the fact that BIID will not be listed as a disease in the DSM, and the controversial question of whether the desire for voluntary amputation can be understood as a disease.

causes

The causes of BIID are currently unknown. Both neuroanatomical changes in functional brain regions and developmental psychological approaches, according to which a disorder of the body scheme is established in childhood, are discussed . Both interpretations are supported by the fact that the history of a manifestation of the disease in early adolescence can be found in the majority of people with BIID .

therapy

A causal treatment is currently not known. Attempts have been made to stabilize the condition with psychiatric and behavioral support. However, in the last 30 years there have been no known treatment cases in psychotherapeutic practice in which these therapeutic approaches would have been successful.

Scottish doctor Robert Smith performed two leg amputations in patients with BIID in 2000. After indiscretions and a report by the BBC television, the British Medical Association banned further amputations at the request of the Scottish National Parliament. The reason given was that the public would disapprove of such interference; In addition, there was fear of an onslaught of foreign BIID victims.

A German study from 2014 on 21 affected people whose efforts to change their bodies were successful from their point of view seems to indicate that making the desired change can be a successful therapeutic approach if other forms of therapy are ineffective.

See also

literature

  • Nikki Sullivan, Samantha Murray: Somatechnics: queering the technologization of bodies. UK 2009.
  • A. Stirn, A. Thiel, S. Oddo: Body Integrity Identity Disorder: Psychological, Neurobiological, Ethical and Legal Aspects. 1st edition. Pabst Science Publishers, 2009, ISBN 978-3-89967-592-4 (English)
  • A. Stirn, A. Thiel, S. Oddo: Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID) disorder, diagnostics, therapeutic approaches. 1st edition. Beltz Psychologie Verlags Union, 2010, ISBN 978-3-621-27761-7 .
  • Gregg M. Furth, Robert Smith: Apotemnophilia: information, questions, answers, and recommendations about self-demand amputation . 1stBooks, Bloomington (Indiana / USA) 2002, ISBN 1-58820-390-5 . (English)
  • D. Groß, S. Müller, J. Steinmetzer (Eds.): Normal - different - sick? Acceptance, stigmatization and pathologization in the context of medicine. Human Discourse - Medical Challenges Past and Present. 1st edition. MWV Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-939069-28-7 . (Among other things, specialist article on the topic: Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID). Amputation request: autonomous decision or neuropsychological disorder? )
  • Andreas Manok: Body Integrity Identity Disorder - The permissibility of amputations of healthy limbs from a legal point of view. Leipzig Legal Studies Volume 8 - Medical Law Department, EN9783865836625

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ LM Hilti, J. Hänggi, DA Vitacco, B. Kraemer, A. Palla, R. Luechinger, L. Jäncke, P. Brugger: The desire for healthy limb amputation: Structural brain correlates and clinical features of xenomelia. In: Brain. doi: 10.1093 / brain / aws316 .
  2. ^ Sarah Noll: Body Integrity Identity Disorder (BIID): How Satisfied are Successful Wannabes. In: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. 3, 2014, p. 222, doi : 10.11648 / j.pbs.20140306.17 .