Boneshaker
Early two-wheelers with a crank drive , which were manufactured from 1868 to 1872, are known as boneshakers (bone shakers) . The first boneshaker is the Michauline by Pierre Michaux , which he presented to the public at the world exhibition in 1867 . The wheel, which weighs around 40 kg, had a crank drive on the front wheel and a wrought-iron frame, had wooden spokes with shrunk-on iron straps, only the saddle was sprung via a leaf spring suspension. Riding the bike was "uncomfortable, hard and bumpy", so that the British and Americans gave this bike the nickname Boneshaker, which was adopted for all subsequent replicas. In 1869, the Coventry Sewing Machine Company in Coventry and Heinrich Büssing in Braunschweig replicated boneshakers. The translation "bone shaker" quickly became established in Germany. The unsprung boneshaker, which could drive up to 13 km / h (36-inch front wheel) depending on the size of the tire, were replaced by the solid rubber-tyred high wheels in the early 1870s .
literature
- Nick Clayton: Early Bicycles. Shire Publications Ltd., 1994, ISBN 0-85263-803-5 .
- Jutta Franke: Illustrated bicycle history . Nicolaische Verlagbuchhandlung. Berlin 1987. ISBN 3-87584-220-0 .
- Max JB Rauck, Gerd Volke, Felix R. Paturi: By bike through two centuries. The bicycle and its history. 4th edition. AT Verlag, Aarau u. a. 1988, ISBN 3-85502-038-8 .