Truce

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The term truce or truce , mhd. Burcvride  = contractual peace called in within the community of heirs of a castle Middle Ages a special legal status walled sites (cities or castles ), were in the region of proprietary and criminal violence of the lords and feuds and trespassing were banned in rigorous penalties. In Bavaria, Burgfrieden was the name given to the sovereignty, protection, market and judicial district of cities and markets.

meaning

Castle Peace Column near Landshut

If multiple parties holding ownership of a castle and thus were considered lords called were truce agreements closed, the short also truce was called and often far-reaching regulations for living together at the castle firmly laid, for example for maintenance and defense or the proportionate remuneration of guards. The truce was of particular importance for castles that were jointly owned by several partners ( Ganerbeburg ). The co-owners (ganerbe, meaner) swore to each other to keep peace in the castle area, even if they should feud with each other.

The granting of truces could not be refused , especially in the High Middle Ages . When visiting other castles, including that of an enemy, a feud had to be put on hold, as there was a truce for opponents in the vicinity of the castle. The truce could be terminated by a special feud , for example to be able to legally besiege the respective castle .

The lord of the castle could also grant asylum to people and thus place them under his protection, but also force them under his sovereignty.

The boundaries of the castle truce were usually far from the walls. If there was no natural delimitation, the spatial scope of the truce could be marked accordingly, for example with truce stones or pillars .

literature

  • Gerd Althoff : Rules of the game of politics in the Middle Ages. Communication in peace and feud. Primus-Verlag, Darmstadt 1997, ISBN 3-89678-038-7 .
  • Busson : Knightly honor protection. Franz Pechel, Graz 1907.
  • Herbert Obenaus : Law and constitution of the companies with St. Jörgenschild in Swabia. Investigation of nobility, collection, arbitration and feuds in the fifteenth century (= publications of the Max Planck Institute for History. 7, ISSN  0436-1180 ). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1961, (also: Göttingen, University, dissertation, 1959).
  • Margret Singer: The truce of the Counts of Katzenelnbogen. In: sheets for German national history. Vol. 116, 1980, ISSN  0006-4408 , pp. 189-234 .
  • Christoph Terharn: The Herford feuds in the late Middle Ages. A contribution to the law of feuds (= sources and research on the history of criminal law. Vol. 6). Schmidt, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-503-03090-5 (also: Münster, Universität, Dissertation, 1993).
  • Thomas Vogel: Feud law and feud practice in the late Middle Ages using the example of the imperial capital Nuremberg (1404–1438) (= Freiburg contributions to medieval history. Studies and texts. Vol. 11). Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1998, ISBN 3-631-33100-2 (also: Freiburg (Breisgau), University, dissertation, 1994).

Web links

Wiktionary: Burgfrieden  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Burgfriede at Duden online.
  2. ^ Burgfrieden Mittelalter-Lexikon, Small Encyclopedia of the German Middle Ages, founded by Peter CA Schels, accessed on September 28, 2018
  3. ^ Fritz H. Herrmann: Punishment for breaking the truce. In: Wetterauer Geschichtsblätter 1954, p. 148
  4. ↑ Reinhard Heydenreuter: Kriminalgeschichte Bayerns 2003, p. 320
  5. ↑ Joachim Schneider: Inheritance and truce in the early modern period: relics or functional adaptations? In: Nobility in Hessen. Domination, self-image and lifestyle . 2010, pp. 129-14
  6. ^ Josef Buchowiecki: The last preserved castle stone. In: Wiener Geschichtsblätter 1970, p. 123
  7. ↑ Andreas Sauer: Stone witnesses of legal history: the castle peace columns of the city of Pfaffenhofen ad Ilm - history, meaning, conservation. In: Schönere Heimat 2018, pp. 39–42