Dhimal Toto

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Dhimal-Toto forms a small sub-unit of the Bodic languages , which belong to the Tibetan Burman languages , a primary branch of Sinotibetic . Dhimal-Toto consists of the two closely related individual languages Dhimal and Toto . Dhimal is spoken by 17,000 people mainly in Nepal (Jhapa District, Mechi Zone), but also by a few hundred in India (West Bengal), Toto by 20,000 in West Bengal on the border with Bhutan .

Dhimal-Toto within Sino-Tibetan

  • Sinotibian
    • Tibeto Burmese
      • Bodisch
        • Dhimal Toto

Dhimal-Toto is generally recognized as a genetic unit . Belonging to the Bodic is not undisputed. Van Driem 2001 regards Dhimal-Toto as an independent group within Tibeto-Burmese.

More information in the articles about the two individual languages.

literature

  • Christopher I. Beckwith (Ed.): Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages . Brill, Leiden [u. a.] 2002, ISBN 90-04-12424-1 .
  • Paul K. Benedict: Sino-Tibetan. A Conspectus . University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08175-0 .
  • Scott DeLancey: Sino-Tibetan Languages . In: Bernard Comrie (Ed.): The World's Major Languages . Oxford University Press, New York 1990, ISBN 0-19-520521-9 .
  • Austin Hale: Research on Tibeto-Burman Languages . Mouton, Berlin [a. a.] 1982, ISBN 90-279-3379-0 .
  • James A. Matisoff: Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman . University of California Press, Berkeley [et al. a.] 2003, ISBN 0-520-09843-9 .
  • Anju Saxena (Ed.): Himalayan Languages . Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin [a. a.] 2004, ISBN 3-11-017841-9 .
  • Thurgood, Graham & Randy J. LaPolla: The Sino-Tibetan Languages . Routledge, London [u. a.] 2003, ISBN 0-7007-1129-5 .
  • George van Driem: Languages ​​of the Himalayas . Brill, Leiden [u. a.] 2001, ISBN 90-04-10390-2 .

See also

Web links