Jund
Jund ( Arabic جند, DMG Ǧund ) is the Arabic word for army or armed force, derived from the Koran, which is probably more of Iranian origin. The noun ǧ-nd occurs 29 times in the Koran in various derivatives and combinations of the root .
history
In the Ummayadic period, jund stood for military camps with armed units that could be mobilized for seasonal or long-term campaigns. For the first time, Caliph Abu Bakr set up four army units of the same name in Syria , Jordan and Palestine . Caliph ʿUmar is said to have established the Dīwān al-jund in 641 . Around 150,000 Arab tribal warriors are said to have been registered during his reign. The term was not used for the military units in Iraq and Egypt . The units were paid for through income from land taxes and other benefits. The term jund as a name for the Syrian military districts was retained until the Mameluk period, but non-Arab units were subject to the Dīwān al-jund for a long time. The term received a revival at the time of the conquest of Al-Andalus .
literature
- E. Herzfeld: History of the city of Samarra , Hamburg, 1949, p. 98f (origin of the word)
- R. Levy: The social structure of Islam , Cambridge, 1957, pp. 407-27
- D. Sourdel: Entry Djund in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume II, Brill: Leiden, 165, pp. 601f
Individual evidence
- ↑ see Lanes Lexicon p. 469f
- ↑ Corpus Quran. Retrieved July 9, 2017 . With a list of the various sources