Edward Tronick

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Edward Tronick is a retired American developmental psychologist , best known for his studies on mother-child bonding from the 1970s and 1980s. The main method of investigation was the still-face experiment (experiments with an expressionless face). The reactions of young children to interrupting and resuming a loving situation between caregiver and child were examined. Edward Tronick is Director of Developmental Psychology and Professor at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. Together with Kristie Brandt, he founded an interdisciplinary training facility for parent-child interaction with babies and young children from 0 to 3 years.

research

Together with the pediatrician T. Berry Brazelton , he examined newborns up to the age of two months. The best known of the experiments developed is the still-face experiment . A loving, face-to-face contact situation between caregiver and child is interrupted for a little while. The mother turns away and then shows the child a petrified, expressionless face. The child reacts to this in different phases: first it tries to get the mother's attention again using a variety of methods, and finally it reacts with physical and emotional withdrawal. This situation simulates interactions of depressed mothers or, for other reasons, insecure, insufficiently sensitive mothers. In the long term, such abortions, neglect and abuse can lead to contact disorders and deeper psychological disorders.

The work on attachment theory by John Bowlby, Mary Ainsworth, the Grossmann u. a. The investigation method used is the strange situation .

In a lecture, Tronick sums up the essential postulates of his work as follows:

“The joint, co-creative creation of a new meaning creates the relationship. It's not the relationship that makes the sense. It may be necessary to “be with the other”, “be empathetic”, “be present”, but none of this is sufficient to establish a relationship or initiate a therapeutic change. An active common diadic state of consciousness, the creation of a new meaning, initiates the process of change, the process of building relationships and allows one to get to know the other. "

- Multilevel psychobiological meaning making and empathy

Publications

  • Social interchange in infancy: affect, cognition, and communication , Baltimore: University Park Press, 1982
  • Infant curriculum: the Bromley-Heath guide to the care of infants in groups , avec Patricia Marks Greenfield, New York: Media Projects, 1973
  • Maternal depression and infant disturbance , avec Tiffany Field, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986
  • Babies as people: new findings on our social beginnings , avec Lauren Adamson, New York: Collier Books, 1980
  • The Neurobehavioral and Social-emotional Development of Infants and Children , WW Norton & Company, 2007, 571 pp.
  • (coll.) Teaching and learning with infants and toddlers where meaning-making begins , New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 2015
  • Stimulation and the preterm infant: the limits of plasticity, avec Barry M Lester, Clinics in Perinatology , v. 17, n ° 1, Philadelphia: Saunders, 1990
  • Quotidian resilience: exploring mechanisms that drive resilience from a perspective of everyday stress and coping, avec JA DiCorcia, Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011, June, 35 (7): 1593-602
  • Do patient characteristics, prenatal care setting, and method of payment matter when it comes to provider-patient conversations on perinatal mood ?, avec CH Liu, Matern Child Health J. , 2012, July, 16 (5): 1102-1112,
  • The Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS), with Heidelise Als, Barry M. Lester, T. Berry Brazelton, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 1977
  • The neurobehavioral and social-emotional development of infants and children , New York, Norton, 2007
  • Multilevel meaning making and dyadic expansion of consciousness theory: The emotional and the polymorphic polysemic flow of meaning, in D. Fosha, DJ Siegel, M. Solomon (éd.) The healing power of emotion: Affective neuroscience, development, and clinical practice , New York, NY: Norton; 2008,
  • (coll.) Dyadically expanded states of consciousness and the process of therapeutic change, Infant Mental Health Journal , 1998
  • Infant-mother face-to-face interaction: Age and gender differences in coordination and the occurrence of miscoordination, avec JF Cohn, Child Development , 1989
  • Infant's affective reactions to the resumption of maternal interaction after the still face, avec M. Katherine Weinberg, Child Development , 67, 1996

Web links

  • Chair's website , University of Massachusetts
  • Popular YouTube video of the still-face experiment online
  • Still-face experiments with fathers online

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ engl. Article with famous sample video of the experiment , Washington Post, September 16, 2013
  2. ^ Infant-Parent Mental Health Postgraduate Certificate program
  3. ↑ Tronick, Edward, The Neuro Behavioral and Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Children , New York 2007
  4. ↑ Edward Tronick - Multilevel psychobiological meaning making and empathy lecture video, English, quote from minute 34:30.
personal data
SURNAME Tronick, Edward
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American developmental psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH 20th century